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All In One © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 1
PowerPoint Presentation to AccompanyGO! All In One
Chapter 1
Computer History, Fundamentals, and Operating Systems
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Objectives
• Understand Computers: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow
• Identify Computer Fundamentals• Recognize Operating Systems and Their
Functions• Utilize Standalone Operating Systems• Use System Utilities
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Understand Computers: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow
• Word processor: An application used to create documents and automatically check spelling and grammar in a document
• Internet: A connected system of computers used to search for information
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Understand Computers: Yesterday, Today, and
Tomorrow• Online banking: An Internet application
provided by a bank to conduct banking operations via the Internet
• Online classes: Instruction offered over the Internet, using learning management software
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• GPS systems: Computing devices that provide driving directions from a current location to a destination entered
• ATM: Automatic teller machine enabling financial transactions in public places
• Mobile telephone: Telecommunication device with features such as Internet connectivity
Understand Computers: Yesterday, Today, and
Tomorrow
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Identify Computer Fundamentals
• A computer is a electronic device that performs the four basic operations that comprise the information processing cycle (IPOS): Input, Processing, Output, and Storage
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Identify Computer Fundamentals
• Input: The action of entering data• Processing: The manipulation of the
input data• Output: The display of the information• Storage: The action of saving
information for later use
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Identify Computer Fundamentals
• Computer system: Collection of related components (hardware and software) that work together to accomplish a task
• Hardware: Physical components of the computer and its related devices
• Software: Programs that enable the computer’s hardware to run the application software
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Identify Computer Fundamentals
• System unit: The base unit of the computer• Motherboard: A circuit board connecting the
central processing unit (CPU) with other system components
• CPU: Acts as the brain of the computer• Peripheral devices: Components outside
the system unit that are connected physically or wirelessly to the system (examples: keyboard, mice, monitors)
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Identify Computer Fundamentals
• Application software: Programs that direct the computer to carry out a task (examples: document processing or playing a game)
• System software: Programs that enable the computer’s hardware to work with and run the application software
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Identify Computer Fundamentals
• Information: Data organized in a useful manner
• Algorithm: Series of steps a computer program uses to perform a task
• Memory: A device where information can be stored and retrieved
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Identify Computer Fundamentals
• Memory chip: Integrated circuit devoted to memory storage
• Random Access Memory (RAM): Temporarily stores the programs and data with which the CPU is interacting
• Storage device: Hardware that retains data even when machine is turned off– Secondary storage (Examples: Universal
Serial Bus [USB] flash drive or CD)
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Identify Computer Fundamentals
• Communications: High-speed exchange of information within and between computers or other communications devices
• Communications device: Connects computer to a network, allowing communication– Examples:
• Modem• Network interface card (NIC)
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Recognize Operating Systems and Their Functions• Booting: The process of loading the
operating system into memory– Cold boot: Starting a computer that has not
yet been turned on– Warm boot: Restarting a computer that is
already on
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Recognize Operating Systems and Their Functions• Restarting a computer
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Recognize Operating Systems and Their Functions• Six steps to starting a computer:
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Recognize Operating Systems and Their Functions• Kernel: The central part of the operating
system that manages memory, files, and devices; launches applications; and allocates system resources from hard disk to RAM memory– Memory resident and remains in RAM
• Nonresident: Less frequently used portions of the operating system stored on the hard disk
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Recognize Operating Systems and Their Functions• Sleep state: Transfers the current state
of computer to RAM• Hibernate state: Saves battery power• Hybrid sleep state:
Combines sleep
and hibernate
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Recognize Operating Systems and Their Functions• Activate BIOS and Setup Program• BIOS: Basic input/output system• POST: Power on self-test
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Recognize Operating Systems and Their Functions
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Recognize Operating Systems and Their Functions
• Account: User name, password, and allotted storage space
• Multitasking operating systems: Permit more than one application to run at the same time and can manage multiple applications running simultaneously
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Recognize Operating Systems and Their Functions
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• Access Windows Task Manager by pressing Ctrl + Alt + Del, select the Start Task Manager option, and then click the Processes tab
• Paging: The process of transferring files from the hard disk to RAM and back
Recognize Operating Systems and Their Functions
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Recognize Operating Systems and Their Functions
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Recognize Operating Systems and Their Functions
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Recognize Operating Systems and Their Functions
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Recognize Operating Systems and Their Functions
• Syntax: Set of rules for entering commands
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Utilize Standalone Operating Systems
• Windows Operating Systems Timeline
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Utilize Standalone Operating Systems
• Microsoft Windows 7: Was released in late 2009 and is available in six different versions: Starter, Home Basic, Home Premium, Professional, Enterprise, and Ultimate– Includes features to make your system and
its components simpler
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Utilize Standalone Operating Systems
• Windows 7 Features
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Utilize Standalone Operating Systems
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• MAC OS: Original Macintosh operating system
• MAC OS X Snow Leopard: Released in 2009, occupies up to 50 percent less RAM than the previous version
• Linux: Freeware operating system for personal computers
Utilize Standalone Operating Systems
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Use System Utilities• System utilities: Programs that work in
tandem with the operating system and perform services that keep the computer system running smoothly
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Use System Utilities
• Antivirus software: Protects a computer from computer viruses
• File manager: Helps organize and manage the data stored on disk
• Disk scanning program: Detects and resolves physical and logical problems that can occur when your computer stores files on a disk
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Use System Utilities
• Bad sector: Portion of the disk that is unable to store data reliably
• Disk cleanup utility: Improves system performance and increases storage by removing files, but does not correct any problems
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Use System Utilities
• Disk defragmentation program: Program that reorganizes data on the disk so that file pieces are reassembled as one chunk of disk space, which decreases search time
• File compression utility: Enables the exchange of programs and data efficiently by reducing the size of a file
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Use System Utilities
• Archive: Single file that contains two or more files stored in a compressed format along with additional information
• Windows Update: Keeps the operating system up to date with fixes; also called service packs
• Boot disk: A storage device
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Use System Utilities
• Safe mode: Operating mode in which Windows loads a minimal set of drivers known to function correctly
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Covered Objectives
• Understand Computers: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow
• Identify Computer Fundamentals• Recognize Operating Systems and Their
Functions• Utilize Standalone Operating Systems• Use System Utilities
All In One © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 40
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Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall