1 data dictionary 2
TRANSCRIPT
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Data Dictionary
Day 2
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We will learn about…
• What is Data Dictionary
• Data Dictionary Objects• System Fields
• Creating custom table
• Internal Tables• Foreign Keys & Cardinality
• Structures
• Views
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What is Data Dictionary
• is a system independent
interface to the database• is a virtual database ( data
about data)
• provides data for datamanipulation and data
processing
• Also called as DDIC and ABAP
Dictionary
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Data Dictionary Objects
• Data Element
• Domain
• Tables
• Structures
• Views
SE16
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Elementary Data Types
Type Explanation
C Text (Character)
N Numeric text
D Date (DDMMYYYY)
T Time (HHMMSS)
X Hexadecimal
I Integer
P Packed Number
F Floating point number
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Domain
• A Domain describes the technical structure of a field that is its size andits data types.
• Domains are attached to Data Elements
• Fields which refer to the same domain (with the assigned dataelements), are also changed when the domain is changed. This ensuresthat the fields are consistent
• Defines a value range which describes the valid data values for all the
fields which refer to this domain
Domain
MATNR
CLNT
Table MARA
Data Element
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Creating a Domain
Enter a description (short text)
Enter data type and length
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Creating a domain (contd.)
Enter fixed value and description.
Value table may be entered
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Data Element
• A data element gives the description of the field of theTable
• Examples of predefined data elements in SAP
– LIFNR
– KUNNR – MATNR
– CLNT
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Creating a Data Element
Enter a description (short text)
Enter domain name
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Creating a Data Element
Maintain field labels and column headers.
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Difference between Domain & Data Element
Domain Data Element
Defines Technical Attributes such asdata type, length, allowed values, etc.
Defines semantic attributes such asdisplay length, short text, long text, etc
A domain can be part of several dataelements
A Data Element can point to only onedomain
Used to define data elements, restrictvalues (using value range, value table,etc)
Used to define fields of tables andscreens
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A Holistic view
Data element Data element
Domain
Table A Table B Table C
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Tables
• Tables are containers which stores data in the form ofrecord
• They are a central component of the SAP R/3 Application
• One or more fields form a data record (also known as tupel)
• A number of data records of the same type form a table• Examples of few SAP defined tables
– MARA : Material Master
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Tables Contd…
The table definition contains the following components
Table fields: defines the field names and data types ofthe fields contained in the table.
Foreign Keys: defines the relationships between thetable and other tables.
Technical Settings: control how the table should be
created on the database.
Indexes: speed up the selection of data from the table.
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Tables Contd…
• Types of Tables
ABAP
Dictionary
ABAPProgram
Transparent
Cluster
Pool
Internal
T bl C td
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Tables Contd…
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Creating a Transparent Table – Step 1 of 6
Enter the Name of thetable (should begin
with “Z” or “Y”)
Enter the Name of thetable (should beginwith “Z” or “Y”)
Press the Create ButtonPress the Create Button
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Creating a Transparent Table – Step 2 of 6
Enter a description (short text)
Maintain delivery class
Table maintenance attribute
After making all entries,Press the “Fields” Tab
After making all entries,
Press the “Fields” Tab
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Creating a Transparent Table – Step 3 of 6
Maintain field attributes
Maintain data elements
After making all entries,Press the “TechnicalSettings” Button
After making all entries,Press the “TechnicalSettings” Button
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Creating a Transparent Table – Step 4 of 6
After making all entries,Press the Save Button.Once Technical Settings
are save, Press the“Back” Button (F3)
After making all entries,Press the Save Button.Once Technical Settingsare save, Press the“Back” Button (F3)
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Creating a Transparent Table – Step 5 of 6
Save, Check andActivate the Table. Afterthat Press the “Indexes”
Button on theApplication Toolbar
Save, Check andActivate the Table. Afterthat Press the “Indexes”Button on theApplication Toolbar
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Creating a Transparent Table – Step 6 of 6Steps to create an index
After entering the IndexFields and otherparameters, save andactivate the index, Z01
After entering the IndexFields and otherparameters, save and
activate the index, Z01
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SAP Transparent Tables
• Example of few SAP Transparent Tables
– MARA : General Material Data
– VBAK : Sales Document: Header Data
– KNA1 : General Data in Customer Master
• Example of SAP Cluster Table – BSEG : Accounting Document Segment
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Tables Contd…
• Foreign Keys
– Uses
• Maintain data integrity
• Provide help texts
• Create aggregate dictionary objects
– Prerequisites• The foreign key text field and primary key of the check table must
share the same domain
• A value table must exist for that domain
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Tables Contd…
• Cardinality
– Cardinality defines the type of
relationship between two tables
– The cardinality of a foreign key
indicates how many dependent
records a record in a check
table may have
1 : 1
1 : C
1 : N
1 : CN
Cardinality Types
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System fields
• SAP has a system table named syst. It stores all thesystem related data
• Examples of few fields in this table are
– Sy-datum : System Date
– Sy-langu : System Language
– Sy-subrc : System check
– Sy-uzeit : System time
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SAP Data
ConfigurationData
MasterData
TransactionData
System
Data• Sales Orders• Purchase Orders• Journal Entries
• Goods Receipts
• G/L Accounts• Vendors
• Materials• Stock Locations
• Metadata• Programs
• Documentation• System Settings
• Currency Codes• Order Types• Payment Terms• Field Status Codes
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Structures
• A structure is defined like a table in the ABAP Dictionaryand can then be accessed from within ABAP programs
• Contain data temporarily during program runtime
• The same data elements and domains can be used in
structures as in tables
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Views
• A view combines the data distributed in several tables
• Views allow to gather information from fields of differenttables and present it to the users in form they requirewhen working in the R/3 system