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APPLICATION OF NEW TECHNOLOGY IN AQUACULTURE

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Content

1. Aquaculture systems2. Waste creation in culture system3. Introduction about Recirculating

Aquaculture System (RAS)4. Application of RAS in aquaculture5. Application of Biofloc

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1. Aquaculture systems

• Integrated Aquaculture– Fish/ Shrimp (Freshwater

Prawn, Black Tiger Shrimp) –Rice

– Shrimp Forest– Fish/ Shrimp in garden canal

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1. Aquaculture systems

• In tanks– Snakehead culture in plastic lining

tank– Walking catfish, swamp eel culture – Ell, white leg shrimp culture

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• Cage culture– Rivers: tilapia, common carp,

catfish, mastacembelidae.– Sea: cobia, Barramundi,

black pomfret.

1. Aquaculture systems

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• Intensive culture in ponds– Freshwater: catfish, snakehead,

climbing perch, giant freshwater prawn…

– Brackish water, marine: black tiger shrimp, white leg shrimp, Barramundi, Pseudapocryptes elongatus….

1. Aquaculture systems

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0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Diện tích (ha)

Fluctuation of aquaculture area in the Mekong Delta

1. Aquaculture systems

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D M G

LeftoversExcretion and Respiration Defecation

D: Digestion; M: Metabolism; G: Growth

ENVIRONMENTO2

2. Waste Origin

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Absorption Leftovers

Digestion Defecation(Fecal Loss)

Metabolism Excretion (Non-Fecal Loss)

Respiration CO2

Growth

Food

2. Waste Origin

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Food (100%) Accumulation

(21-30%)

Dissolved(49-60%)

Suspended (15-30%)

? Releasing from the bottom

Settlement

Nitrogen

2. Waste Origin

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General principles• Water in tanks is cleaned continuity and reused

(more than 90%) • Removing suspended matter following by

mechanical principle• Providing oxygen• Removing dissolved organic matter by

heterotrophic bacteria• Removing nitrate and phosphate by plants or

anti nitrate bacteria

3. Introduction about RAS

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The components of the system

1. Culture tank2. TSS removable tank3. Holding tank4. Biological filter tank5. Overflowing tank6. Weed tank7. Periphyton tank8. Anti nitrate tank

Basic Recirculating Aquaculture System has 5 main components (1-5).

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1. Fish tank

The components of the system

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2. Suspended matter removable tank

The components of the system

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Giá thể lọc sinh học nhỏ giọt

3. Biofilter

The components of the system

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Movable substrate filter

The components of the system

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4. Application of RAS

1. Hatching with aquatic species: fish, crustacean and other species

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4. Application of RAS

2. Commercial culture with aquatic species: fish, crustacean and other species

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Hệ thống nuôi cá trê phi(Năng suất 500 kg/m3/vụ)

4. Application of RAS

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Hệ thống nuôi cá bơn

4. Application of RAS

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4. Application of RAS

Tilapia culture system(140 kg/m3/crop)

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3. Broodstock culture and domestication with other aquatic speices: fish, crustacean or others.

4. Application of RAS

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1) Occupying less space

2) High yield,

3) Less water consumed than normal culture,

4) Biological safety,

5) No environmental pollution,

6) High quality product

Benefit

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SpeciesAquaculture

systemWater usage

(L/kg)Yield

(kg/m3/crop)Tilapia O.niloticus pond 21.000 17.4

Salmon S.gairdneri Race-way 9.000 60

Penaeid pond 11.000-21.340 4,2 – 11Tilapia O.niloticus RAS 100 134Tilapia RAS 90-120Tilapia RAS 25 500Striped catfish pond (4 m) 7.400 10,55Striped catfish RAS (ao) (2.2m) 544 40Snakehead RAS 55 144

Results of RAS

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Difficulties

1. High cost for basic building2. High technique requirment

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Recirculating filter in black tiger shrimp larvae nursery (VN) 26

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Recirculating in Clarias hatchery

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Eel Recirculating Culture System

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Recirculating tank in CTU

Culture tank

Filter tank Filter cultch29

Experimental system

Giá thể lọc30

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Giá thể lọc

Experimental system

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Experimental pond(Thuan Hung company)

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Experimental culture result(Thuan Hung company)

Khối lượng cá qua các tháng

050

100150200250300350400450

Thảgiống

May-15 Jun-15 Jul-15 Aug-15 Sep-15 Lọc cá Oct-15 Nov-15

Thời gian

Khố

i lư

ợng

cá

(g)

A1

A3A4

A5

Increasing of Pangasius weigh (g)33

May-15

Jun-15

Jul-15

Aug-15

Sep-15

Lọc cá

Oct-15

Nov-15

A1 2,48 2,04 2,02 1,85 1,84 1,83 1,74 1,69

A3 1,39 0,63 2,28 2,10 1,78 1,78 1,64 1,63

A4 2,18 2,31 2,61 2,28 2,02 1,89 1,88 1,80

A5 -0,38 1,60 1,93 2,08 1,95 1,98 1,79 1,72

Growth rate (%/day) of Pangasius

Experimental culture result(Thuan Hung company)

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5. Application of Biofloc

What is biofloc?

• As a cohesive particleincluding: algae,protozoa, organic debrisand bacteria.

• Mounted by mucussecreted from bacteria,bound together by thefilamentousmicroorganisms. • Big size (50 – 200 µm)

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5. Application of Biofloc

Biofloc’s roles:• Improved water quality: Reduce ammonium

effective of nitrogen absorption continuously bythe bacteria

• Additional food sources: heterotrophic bacteriahave the ability to metabolize organic matter intobiomass (containing 25-50% protein), vitamins,minerals (especially phosphorus)

• Beneficial microflora inhibit the growth ofpathogenic microorganisms.

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5. Application of Biofloc

Limitations of Biofloc:• Need high DO for growth of microorganisms so

must aerate all the time during cultured period =>Energy cost.

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5. Application of Biofloc

Conditions for Biofloc formation

• The presence of microoganisms which canproduce bio-polymer (bio-polymer)

• Some species: Zooglea ramigera, Escherichiaintermedia, Paracolobacterium aerogenoids,Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus,Flavobacterium, Pseudomonas alcaligenes,Sphaerotillus natans…

• The density of bacteria is about : 1 g freshbateria/mL of biofloc

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5. Application of Biofloc

Conditions for Biofloc development

• Heterotrophic microorganisms use organiccarbon and nitrogen for protein synthesis.Adding C with suitable amount → Bioflocdevelop

• The optimal ratio of C:N to form biofloc:>12,5 : 1.

• Organic carbon is added through carbohydratessuch as starch, molasses, rice bran, glycerol ...(Percent C in carbohydrate is about 50%) 39

5. Application of Biofloc

Maintenance of Biofloc in pond• The ratio of N/P > 20 (using zeolite to absorb P,

do not use Urea to increase N/P, algae willgrow).

• Optimal Alkalinity = 100-200 mg CaCO3/L

• Optimal DO > 4 mg/L

• Optimal pH: 7,2-7,8

• Optimal temperature 28 - 30 oC.

• Concentration of biofloc: 3-11 ml/L 40

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5. Application of Biofloc

Cultured white leg shrimp at different densities41

5. Application of Biofloc

Introduction of models used Biofloc42

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THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION!

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