Sustainable Architecture - Theory Youth Education Centre, Windberg Architect: Herzog und Partner

2/26/13 Building Constructions 7 - Lecturer: Mikls Svd 1

Sustainable Architecture - Theory

Contents: Natural vs. Built Environment Ecological Architecture / Green Building Performance Metrics of Sustainability Economical Aspects of Sustainability

2/26/13 Building Constructions 7 - Lecturer: Mikls Svd 2

Natural vs. Built Environment

3 2/26/13 Building Constructions 7 - Lecturer: Mikls Svd

More people live in urban than in rural areas

Environmental Impact of Buildings

40% of raw materials is consumed by buildings

Running out of fossil energy sources

2/26/13 Building Constructions 7 - Lecturer: Mikls Svd 4

Characteristics of The Built Environment

5

Increasing Urbanization Energy consumption Amount of waste Amount of sewage

How to manage these issues in architecture?

2/26/13 Building Constructions 7 - Lecturer: Mikls Svd

Environment and Architecture

Traditional architecture: protective, resists external impacts, small windows (15%)

Modernist architecture: large windows 80%, insufficient construction technology, large energy consumption, bad indoor climate

1980s: counter-balancing bad indoor climate with cooling and heating

Historic Overview

Sequential Architectural Design Process design disciplines do their job one after the other

2/26/13 Building Constructions 7 - Lecturer: Mikls Svd 6

1973-74 energy crisis: energy over-consumption becomes an issue

Building energy research: study and simulation of energy currents through the building envelope

Sustainability becomes an issue

Environment and Architecture

Historic Overview

Simultaneous Architectural Design Process activities of design disciplines overlap to

optimize efficiency and save time

2/26/13 Building Constructions 7 - Lecturer: Mikls Svd 7

Functional: constructional, operational

Human: safety and security, health, comfort

Cultural: aesthetics, social context

Economical: profit, life cycle cost

Ecological: energy use, energy sources, building materials, water management, waste and pollution management

Architectural Design Guidelines

Environment and Architecture

Eco-Architecture

Environmental awareness in architecture

2/26/13 Building Constructions 7 - Lecturer: Mikls Svd 8

Ecological Architecture Green Building

9

Youth Education Centre, Windberg Architect: Herzog und Partner

2/26/13 Building Constructions 7 - Lecturer: Mikls Svd

Sustainability Constant social development without allowing economic growth beyond the limits of the environmental supply and waste management capacities

Ecology The science of the relationships between organisms and their environments

10

Ecology vs. Sustainability

Sustainability

Ecology

2/26/13 Building Constructions 7 - Lecturer: Mikls Svd

11

Ecological Architecture

FIRE AIR

WATER

EARTH

Water Management

Building Materials

Waste Management

Site Management

Energy

2/26/13 Building Constructions 7 - Lecturer: Mikls Svd

Conventional Building Operation

12

Sun

Air Sound

Fresh air

Fossil energy

Fresh water

Materials

Vegetation

Operation

Stale air

Heat energy

Sewage

Waste

Water

Noise

Precipitation

Earth

Unutilized Natural Resources

Wind

LINEAR PROCESSES 2/26/13 Building Constructions 7 - Lecturer: Mikls Svd

Ecological Building Operation

13

Sun

Fresh air Wind

Building Materials

Vegetation

Energy Operation

Ground water

Water management

Precipitation

Geo-structure

Waste management Water

Water management

Utilized Natural Resources

CIRCULAR PROCESSES 2/26/13 Building Constructions 7 - Lecturer: Mikls Svd

14

Implement the main ecological guidelines

throughout the buildings entire lifecycle

Green Building - Directive

Lifecycle of Buildings

Design Fabrication Building Maintenance Renovation Demolition

Main Ecological

Guidelines

Reduce Conserve Recycle

Provide the highest possible level of autonomy

2/26/13 Building Constructions 7 - Lecturer: Mikls Svd

Cut dependence on external resources

Green Building - Autonomy

Achievable Levels of

Autonomy

Heat energy (20-100%) Electricity (20-100%) Water supply (20-100%) Sewage management

(20-100%)

Waste management (20-40%)

Yellow Tree House Restaurant

Pacific Environment Architects Photo: Lucy Gauntlett

2/26/13 Building Constructions 7 - Lecturer: Mikls Svd 15

Ecological Architecture - Principles

16

Energy: maximize efficiency, conserve fossil, use renewable

Air: healthy indoor air quality, reduce CO2-equivalent emission

Building Materials: recycle, reuse

Earth: minimize land use, utilize local resources Waste Management: consciously Water: avoid pollution Water Management: conserve drinking water, use rain or

grey water Fire: utilize solar energy

2/26/13 Building Constructions 7 - Lecturer: Mikls Svd

Performance Metrics of Sustainability

2/26/13 Building Constructions 7 - Lecturer: Mikls Svd 17

Materials and resources

Indoor environment

Innovation in design

Regional priority

Sustainable sites

Water efficiency

Energy and atmosphere

Viikki Church, JKMM Architects, Photo: Arno de la Chapelle Econia Business Park, C&J Architects

Green Building Rating Systems - Chapters According to LEED 2009

2/26/13 Building Constructions 7 - Lecturer: Mikls Svd 18

Sustainable sites 26 Water efficiency 10 Energy and atmosphere 35 Materials and resources 14 Indoor environment 15 Innovation in design 6 Regional priority 4

Green Building Rating Systems - Points According to LEED 2009

2/26/13 Building Constructions 7 - Lecturer: Mikls Svd 19

Performance Metrics of Sustainability Energy-Related

Operational Metrics Energy Consumption Energy Performance Rating CO2-Equivalent Emission

Life Cycle Metrics Energy Consumption Life Cycle CO2-Equivalent Emission

2/26/13 Building Constructions 7 - Lecturer: Mikls Svd 20

Operational Energy Consumption Metrics

EcoDesigner* Public Beta release

EcoDesigner* final, commercial release

EcoDesigner* final, commercial release

2/26/13 Building Constructions 7 - Lecturer: Mikls Svd 21

Energy Demand

Fuel Consumption

Energy Performance Rating

Compare projects with:

statistical database or

calculated baseline performance

Primary Energy

Operational Energy Consumption Metrics

2/26/13 Building Constructions 7 - Lecturer: Mikls Svd 22

Consumption And Emission Metrics

Equivalent CO2 emission converts the effects of emitted greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, CO, NMVOC, NOx. N2O) to the equivalent amount of CO2

Primary energy consumption locally relevant factors enable the conversion of all end-use energy quantities to primary energy so that they can be summarized

2/26/13 Building Constructions 7 - Lecturer: Mikls Svd 23

24

Fuel type Primary E Factor CO2 Factor

District heating 0.8 1.5 0.24 0.41

Electricity 1.8 2.7 0.49 - 0.68

Natural gas 1.0 1.1 0.25

Raw mineral oil 1.0 1.1 0.30 0.31

Coal 0.95 1.2 0.29 - 0.44

Dried wood 0.2 - 0.6 0.03 0.05

Renewables 0 0

Consumption And Emission Metrics

2/26/13 Building Constructions 7 - Lecturer: Mikls Svd

25

To ensure the healthy balance of the environment, emission must be reduced to meet the capacity of natural absorbers

E.g. Present situation in Hungary:

CO2-Equivalent Emission= ~6 tons/capita, a

capacity of natural absorbers= ~2.5 tons/capita, a

CO2-Equivalent Emission vs. Natural Absorbers

2/26/13 Building Constructions 7 - Lecturer: Mikls Svd

26

On a sunny summer day, a 100 years old oak tree produces 9.4 m3 oxygen clarifies 36000 m3 air This is enough for 12 grown up persons for a day

CO2-Equivalent Emission Capacity of Natural Absorbers E.g.

2/26/13 Building Constructions 7 - Lecturer: Mikls Svd

Solar Reflectance Index (Heat Island Effect) Water Used for Operation

Drinking Potable

Percentage of Building Reuse Building Material Content (Relative)

Reused Recycled Regional Low Emitting

Ecological Footprint

Performance Metrics of Sustainability Not Energy-Related

2/26/13 Building Constructions 7 - Lecturer: Mikls Svd 27

Ecological Footprint

28

Resource and waste management needs of a society/economy/household in ecological active land area (Ha/person, year) Based on international statistics Usually between 1.6 and 9 Ha/person,

year

2/26/13 Building Constructions 7 - Lecturer: Mikls Svd

Economical Aspects of Sustainability

2/26/13 Building Constructions 7 - Lecturer: Mikls Svd 29

Consider Whole Life Cost

Evaluate return of investment on components

Minimize traffic and transportation think local

Minimize consumption: material, drinking water and energy

30

Rationalize Costs And Expenses

2/26/13 Building Constructions 7 - Lecturer: Mikls Svd

A typical office building costs about three times its initial cost to operate and maintain over 30 years

Carefully implemented sustainable design only costs 2% more to build but may pay back the original investment 10 times over

Reduced energy consumption due to strategic green investments has a stronger effect on the LCC than the original investment

If the team members involved know what they are doing, you can go pretty far

down the path of creating a green building without adding extra costs at all.

Environmental Building News editor Nadav Malin

Payback Calculation

2/26/13 Building Constructions 7 - Lecturer: Mikls Svd 31

Whole Life Cost = Life Cycle Cost (LCC)

Construction Operation Maintenance End of life

+ Profit

Energy calculations and cost simulations can be used concurrently to ensure that energy-conservation and capital goals are met

Life Cycle Analysis

2/26/13 Building Constructions 7 - Lecturer: Mikls Svd 32

33

Green constructions typically only become

profitable after a long time

Project-related costs do not include national

consequences (exploitation of resources,

pollution etc.)

To offset the extra initial investments,

governments should support green

construction, on national level.

Government Incentives

2/26/13 Building Constructions 7 - Lecturer: Mikls Svd

pletszerkezetek Tanszk - pletszerkezzettan 7 Fenntarthat fejlds fenntarthat pts ALAPFOGALMAK- Dr. Lnyi Erzsbet Energia-, leveg- s vz- HZTARTS - Dr. Lnyi Erzsbet ANYAGHZTARTS puletszerkezetek ptstechnikk - Dr. Lnyi Erzsbet ALTERNATV PTSI MDOK fld- s szalmabla - pts, recikllt anyagok - Dr. Lnyi Erzsbet MSZAKI S KOLGIAI PLETREHABILITCI Algoritmus - Dr. Lnyi Erzsbet PLET-REKONSTRUKCI KOLGIAI RTKELSI SZEMPONTJAI - ? PLETFELJTSOK ENERGETIKAI LEHETSGEI Transzparens szerkezetek Dr. Becker Gbor KRNYEZETTUDATOS FELJTSOK PTSZETI TZVDELMI VONATKOZSAI - Dr. Takcs Lajos Gbor PLETFELJTSOK ENERGETIKAI LEHETSGEI - dr. Kakasy Lszl PLETEK UTLAGOS SZIGETELSE TALAJNEDVESSG, S TALAJVZ ELLEN - dr. Kakasy Lszl Magaspts Tanszk kolgikus pts Jegyzetek Fenntarhato -- Dr. Szll Mria Energia - Dr. Szll Mria s Dr. Tth Elek Energiatermels Dr. Ptzay Gyrgy Energiafogyaszts - Dr. Szll Mria ghajlat - Dr. Szll Mria kolgikus pts - Dr. Szll Mria Globalizci vs. Fenntarthatsg / Fenntarthat Fejlds - Dr. Szll Mria Energiavlsg Fts - Dr. Tth Elek Hszivatty - Dr. Tth Elek Problmakr - Medgyasszay Pter PhD, Vajnn Horn Valria DLA Regionalits - Medgyasszay Pter PhD Egszsges krnyezet - V. Horn Valria DLA Passzvhz - Medgyasszay Pter PhD Szolris ptszet alapjai - V. Horn Valria DLA Fld / vlyog - Medgyasszay Pter PhD ko-rekonstrukci - V. Horn Valria Fenntarthat hz - Medgyasszay Pter PhD ptskolgiai rtkels - V. Horn Valria DLA Other ANSI/ASHRAE, BRE, CIBSE, DOE-EERE, EIA, IBPSA, USGBC, Passivhaus Institut, GBC AUS, ABCB, ISO, Magyar puletenergetikai Szablyozs

References

2/26/13 Building Constructions 7 - Lecturer: Mikls Svd 34