SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE

Patricia Gandía Martínez

Begoña Aparicio Chinarro

Sandra Helena González Cerdán

Carmen Georgeta Alexe

INDEX

INTRODUCTION

The Brundtland Commission of the United Nations on March 20, 1987: “sustainabledevelopment is development that meets the needs of the present withoutcompromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.”

At the 2005 World Summit it was noted that this requires the reconciliationof environmental, social equity and economic demands - the "three pillars" ofsustainability or (the 3 E's).

The three pillars of sustainability are not mutually exclusive and can be mutuallyreinforcing.

WHAT IS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT?

The word development in this definition implicates two important aspects of theconcept:

•It is omnidisciplinary

•There is no set aim, but the continuation of development is theaim of the development.

The definition is based on two concepts:

NEEDS

LIMITS

basic needs such as food, clothing, housing and employment

every individual should have the opportunityto try and raise his/her life standard abovethis absolute minimum

natural limitations like finite resources

declining productivity caused by overexploitation of resources, declining quality of water and shrinking of biodiversity

"Future generation is the most important" --- Confucius

"Treat the Earth well. It was not given to you by your parents. It was loaned to youby your children." --- Kenyan Proverb

Economic sustainabilityGrowthDevelopmentProductivityTrickle-downSocial sustainability

Cultural identityEmpowermentAccessibilityStabilityEquity

Environmental sustainabilityEcosystem integrityCarrying capacityBiodiversity

THREE DIMENSIONS

To leave the Earth in as good shape for future generations as we found it for ourselves.

Resource consumption would be minimal

Materials consumed would be made ENTIRELY of 100% post-consumer recycled materials or from renewable resources

Recycling of waste streams would be 100%

Energy would be conserved and energy supplies would be ENTIRELY renewable and non-polluting

The world as a system

a system over space

a system over time

ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY

CONCEPTS

“Sustainable building involves a combination of

values: aesthetic, environmental, social, political

and moral. The challenge is finding the balance between

environmental comitment and economic constraints.”

Sanuel Mockbee, Auburn University

SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION

1)Understanding the place

“When I say that I build a ‘house’ instead of a building, I am thinking of something that is closer to life, everyday life” Wang Shu, PritzkerArchitecture Prize winer 2012 .

”

Five principles of an environmental architecture

2)Use construction techniques autochthonous to the area, learningfrom local traditions in materials and design.

Egyptian philosopher and architect, Hasan Fathi: "Oneman alone can not build his own home, but ten menwho work together can easily build ten homes".

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bsk-

zSzwF3M&feature=player_embedded

3)Demolishing only when it is not economically viable to reuse

and avoid using materials which cannot be reused or recycled.

Xiangshan Campus, 2002-2004, Hangzhou, China. Wang Shu, Pritzker Architecture Prize

winer 2012

4)Design the building tominimize the cost byincorporating technologies forconserving energy and waterand reducing emissions to land,water and air.

5)Design the building evaluating the site, the embodiedenergy and toxicity of the materials and constructiontechniques.

ISSUES

Sustainable Urban DesignLandform/Microclimate

Topography

Light-colored surfacing

Vegetative cooling

Wind buffering/channeling

Evaporative cooling

Site Design

Solar orientation

Pedestrian orientation

Transit orientation

Micro climatic

building/siting

Infrastructure Efficiency

Water supply and use

Wastewater collection

Storm drainage

Street lighting

Traffic signalization

Recycling facilities

Land-Use

Use density

Use mix

Activity concentration

Transportation

Integrated, mulimodal

street network

Pedestrian

Bicycle

Transit

High-occupancy

vehicles

Pavement

minimization

Parking

minimization/siting

On-Site Energy Resources

Geothermal/groundwater

Surface water

Wind

Solar

District heating /cooling

Cogeneration

Thermal storage

Fuel cell power

SITE

"Improving the quality of life in a city, including ecological, cultural, political,institutional, social and economic components without leaving a burden on thefuture generations. A burden which is the result of a reduced natural capitaland an excessive local debt. Our aim is that the flow principle, that is based onan equilibrium of material and energy and also financial input/output, plays acrucial role in all future decisions upon the development of urban areas.“

ECONOMY - ECOLOGY - EQUITY

Sustainable Cities and Green Development

ENERGY

Energy Efficiency

Computer energy simulations Calener, Líder…etc.

Renewable Energy

WASTE

"Waste - a resource in the wrong place" -- An old Chinese proverb.

Waste Management Strategies:

• Waste prevention• Recyclying construction and demolition materials• Architectural reuse (include adaptive reuse, conservative disassembly, and reusing salvaged materials)• Design for material recovery (durability, disassembly, adaptive reuse)

MATERIALS

Embodied Energy

COMMUNITY

Sustainable

Communities

http://www.place.us/?gclid=CIKb_aqnvK4CFQ1lfAodgRwoIQ

DESIGN

Green building aims:

• To design in harmony with nature by making use of sun, wind, vegetation, and water to reduce energy consumption andpollution in the completed home

• To promote good health and comfort for the occupants

• To use construction materials and techniques with low environmental impact

DESIGNS ASSESSMENT

Sustainable designs

1) Klein House2005/ Rita Klein/ Altea, Alicante

418’65m2 / 335.200 euro

1. Resources optimization:- Natural resources- Recycled, reused and recovered

materials

2. Low energetic consumption:natural heating

3. Use of renewable energy sources :solar and geothermic power

4. No production of toxic waste and emissions into air

5. Human and environmental health

6. Easy to maintain

SUSTAINABLE ANALYSIS

2) Gibson Boathouse/ StudioRobert Oshatz

Lake Oswego, Oregon, USA

• Reduced resource quantity (resource-efficiency strategy):

1) build less square footage

2) use smaller quantities of materials

Example of ecological materials

used from the place: stone, wood and grass

3) Earthship BiotechnologyEarthship residence

Taos, New Mexico, USA

100% sustainable design

due to:

• Renewable resources: Self-sufficient solar, geothermal and wind power energy production;

• Rainwater deposits and grey water recycling system

• Recycled materials: crystal bottles, aluminum cans, reused pneumatics filled with soil, cardboard

• Easy technique to built

“There is no greater potential for personal expression than building one’s own shelter. For

this reason alone, every effort should be made to enable new home construction to be sustainable for generations to come. Today, we realize that to be truly sustainable, it is not enough to imagine

methods of minimizing damage to the environment; instead the results must have a

positive impact on it. “

(Dennis Wedlick)

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Foster, Kari; Stelmack, Annette and Hindman, Debbie; Sustainable Residential Interiors. An illustrated guide to “green” design strategies. Sustainable design; Published by JohnWiley & Sons, Inc, Hobeken, New Jersey, USA, 2007González Díaz, María Jesús; Arquitectura sostenible y aprovechamiento solar. Diseño arquitectónico integral, Preservación del medio ambiente y ahorro energético; Madrid, España, 2004Instituto Monsa de Ediciones; Arquitectura sostenible. Lowtech Houses; Barcelona, EspañaLuis de Garrido; Análisis de Proyectos de Arquitectura Sostenible. Naturalezas artificiales 2001-2008; Madrid, España, 2009

http://www.place.us/?gclid=CIKb_aqnvK4CFQ1lfAodgRwoIQ

http://www.arch.hku.hk/research/beer/sustain.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainability

http://www.iisd.org/sd/

http://permiesepulveda.blogspot.com.es/2010/01/earth-bags

http://www.trendir.com/house-design/sustainable/

www.smartplanet.com/...architecture/wang-shu...architectures..