إسلام عبدون
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MASS MEDIA AND BURNOUT A Study of the Level of Job Pressures in Saudi Arabia Media Institutions -------------Dr. Ali A. Al-Karni ,Mass Communication Department King Saud UniversityABSTRACT:
This study aims at examining levels of burnout and job pressures in Saudi Arabian media institutions. A random sample of 134 members of editorial, management, and production staffs was selected for the study, representing print and broadcast, formal and private media institutions. The Maslach Burnout Inventory was applied for this study, in addition to specific items related to job satisfactions and pressures. The findings show that a medium level of burnout exists at the three dimensions of the scale: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal achievement. The study tested differences according to institutional and individual variables, and concluded that job stress exists as a result of media competitions, and various institutional and societal pressures.
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: . . . Robrt Giles 03% 9791 04% 3891 )31(. 41((Wilhoit job satisfaction . 05% 1791 04% 2891 72% 2991. 51( (Voakes 43% 8891 41% 6991. . Miller & Weaver
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02( (Samuelson )00005( . 12( (Johnstone, Slawski & Bowman )( . . 22( (Kodrich & Beam . . . . .
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: Herbert Freudenberger burnout 4791 Journal of Social Issues . Maslach . ) 2891 , .(Maslach . 32( (Niehause : . . .
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)0002( : - - . : / .Alderman, Betsy B. (1998) Journalist Are Burned Out, Frustrated With Jobs, www.nynewspapers.com/links/files/paperinfo/decman.html Croucher, Rowland, (1995)Stress and Burnout in Ministry, www.churchlink.com.au/churchlink/forum/r_croucher/stress_burnout.html Deuze, Mark, (1998), Journalism in the Netherlands: An Analysis of People, the Issues and the International Professional environment, www.pscw.uva.nl/deuze/paper1.html Donsbach, W (1983), Journalists Conceptions of Their Audince: Comparative indicators for the Way British and German Journalists Define Their Relations to the Publics GAZETTE, 32, 19-36 Donsbach, W & B. Klett (1993), Subjective Objectivity: How Journalists in Four Countries Define a Key Term of Their Profession, Gazette, 51, 53-83. Freudenberger, Herbert (1974), Staff Burnout, Journal of Environmental Issues, No 30. Golding, Peter (1977) Media Professionalism in the Third World: the transfer of an Ideology. In James Curran, Michael Gurevitch, and Janet Wollacott (Eds.), Mass Communication and Society. Beverly Hills: Sage. Gupchup, Gireesh, P. Singhal, E. Dole & B. Lively (1998) Burnout in A Sample of HMO Pharmacists Using the Maslach Inventory, www.amcp.org/public/pubs/journal/vol4/num5/burnout.html Hart, Archibald, (1984) Coping with Depression in the Minstry and Other Helping Professions. Word.
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