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Yœl◊ IV ˙LW[ AW— LpÆj’˚\ RVÙ¨l◊ UÙ®Xd LpÆVÙWÙnf£ Utflm T´t£ ®flY]m (SCERT), ˙LW[m 2015 ˙LW[l TÙPËp R™r Kerala Reader - Tamil Standard IV Part 1 Tœß ˛ 1

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Page 1: Yœl IV - SCERTscert.kerala.gov.in/images/2015/textbook-2015/std-04/tamil 4.pdfYœl IV ˙LW[ AW— LpÆj’˚\ RVÙ¨l UÙ®Xd LpÆVÙWÙnf£ Utflm T´t£ ®flY]m (SCERT), ˙LW[m

Yœl◊ IV

˙LW[ AW—

LpÆj’˚\

RVÙ¨l◊

UÙ®Xd LpÆVÙWÙnf£ Utflm T´t£ ®flY]m (SCERT), ̇ LW[m

2015

˙LW[l TÙPËp

R™r

Kerala Reader - Tamil

Standard IVPart 1

Tœß ˛ 1

Page 2: Yœl IV - SCERTscert.kerala.gov.in/images/2015/textbook-2015/std-04/tamil 4.pdfYœl IV ˙LW[ AW— LpÆj’˚\ RVÙ¨l UÙ®Xd LpÆVÙWÙnf£ Utflm T´t£ ®flY]m (SCERT), ˙LW[m

ÿRu˚Ud Lt\p A˚P‹LsÿRu˚Ud Lt\p A˚P‹LsÿRu˚Ud Lt\p A˚P‹LsÿRu˚Ud Lt\p A˚P‹LsÿRu˚Ud Lt\p A˚P‹Ls

CVt˚L˙VÙ” ˘RÙPo◊˚PV LÆ˚RL˚[ YÙ£j’d L⁄j˚R

Eh˘LÙi” WÙLm, RÙ[m, TÙY˚]ŸPu TÙ”°\ÙoLs; TÙPpLs

T˚Pd°\ÙoLs.

RÙu Li” W£jR TPeLs, LÙh£Ls B°VYt±tœl

˘TÙ⁄jRUÙ] œ±l◊Ls G›ß ˘Y∞´”°\ÙoLs.

„Z¤d˙Lt\YÙfl ˘TÙ⁄jRUÙ] ˘NÙtLs, ˘RÙPoLs TVuT”jß

ELkR ˘UÙØS˚PŸPu E˚WVÙ”°\ÙoLs.

˘TÙ⁄jRUÙ] ˘NÙtL˚[l TVuT”jßl ˘TÙ⁄s ˘TÙßkR

˘RÙPoLs G›’°\ÙoLs.

BØ´u U•´p

1

CVt˚L´u Au˚]VÙ]

LP≠u AZ˚L W£dL ˙Yi”m. A˚Y SUdœj R⁄m

Su˚UL˚[ ÷LW ˙Yi”m. AqYÙ˙\ Cufl LP¤dœ ˙S¨”m

Tp˙Yfl ©Wf£˚]L˚[ SÙm BWÙV ˙Yi”m. AqÆPoL˚[j

RÆodL SÙm JufllTh”f ˘NVpTP ˙Yi”m. C˚Y ˙TÙu\

L⁄j’Ls œZk˚RLs ˘TflmYiQm CqYXœ A˚U°\’.

Page 3: Yœl IV - SCERTscert.kerala.gov.in/images/2015/textbook-2015/std-04/tamil 4.pdfYœl IV ˙LW[ AW— LpÆj’˚\ RVÙ¨l UÙ®Xd LpÆVÙWÙnf£ Utflm T´t£ ®flY]m (SCERT), ˙LW[m

8

øX YiQd LP≠˙X

øk-ßf ˘Np-¤m Ll-T-XÙm!

YÙ˚Xj Ád° A•-j-’˙U

YÙ˚[ ¡u-Ls øk’UÙm!

£Y-kR SpX TY-Ze-Ls

˘N±k’ °Pd-œm LP-≠˙X!

EYk-’ UÙRo A¶k-ß-”m

EVokR ÿj-’m LP-≠˙X!

A˚X-L-Pp

8

Page 4: Yœl IV - SCERTscert.kerala.gov.in/images/2015/textbook-2015/std-04/tamil 4.pdfYœl IV ˙LW[ AW— LpÆj’˚\ RVÙ¨l UÙ®Xd LpÆVÙWÙnf£ Utflm T´t£ ®flY]m (SCERT), ˙LW[m

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˘Yt± ˘LÙi-” FR˙Y

˘Ys-̊ [f Neœm LP-≠˙X!

Et\ Si-Tu ˙TÙX˙Y

ER‹m El◊m LP-≠˙X!

SÙ” Æh-”f ˘Np-X˙Y

SpX TÙ˚R A˚X-L-Pp!

H” ˘NÙp-¤m R™-Zo-Ls

LPp LPkR L˚R-́ ˚]!

DZm —t± A˚X-L-Pp

˙YZm ˙TÙX ÿZeœUÙm

BZe ˘LÙiP LP-≠˚]

AY≤ Geœm LÙQ-XÙm!

©. Æ.- °¨

9

Page 5: Yœl IV - SCERTscert.kerala.gov.in/images/2015/textbook-2015/std-04/tamil 4.pdfYœl IV ˙LW[ AW— LpÆj’˚\ RVÙ¨l UÙ®Xd LpÆVÙWÙnf£ Utflm T´t£ ®flY]m (SCERT), ˙LW[m

10

G.LÙ. :

økßf ˘Np¤m LlTp

˘NVpTÙ”Ls

øeLs Æ⁄m©l TÙ•V Y¨Ls G˚Y? Hu? G›’eLs.

LP˚X Y⁄¶j’j ̆ RÙPoLs G›’eLs.

G.LÙ. :

øXYiQd LPp

TÙP˚Xj R≤VÙL‹m œ›YÙL‹m ̆ UhP˚Uj’l TÙ”eLs.

LP≠p Gu˘]u] Ei” Gufl LÆOo ·fl°\Ùo? G›’eLs.

Page 6: Yœl IV - SCERTscert.kerala.gov.in/images/2015/textbook-2015/std-04/tamil 4.pdfYœl IV ˙LW[ AW— LpÆj’˚\ RVÙ¨l UÙ®Xd LpÆVÙWÙnf£ Utflm T´t£ ®flY]m (SCERT), ˙LW[m

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Yi-Qf ̆ NÙt-L-fidœ C˚Q-VÙ] ̆ NÙp˚Xl TÙP≠≠⁄k’

LiP±k’ G›’eLs.

ÿj’dL[ÙXÙ] UÙ˚XL˚[l ˘TiLs A¶YÙoLs.

VÙ˚] Y⁄m ©u˙] U¶ J˚N Y⁄m ÿu˙].

BrLPXÙp EXLm „rk’ °Pd°\’.

LP≠u ˘T⁄˚U Tt±l TZkR™r ËpL∞p ·\lTh”s[’.

A˚Pl◊dœ±dœs Y⁄m ̆ NÙtL˚[l TVuT”jßj ̆ RÙPoLs

G›’eLs.

G.LÙ. :

LP≠p LlTpLs ™Rk’ ˘Np°u\].

(™Rk’, økß, ˙YLUÙL, ˘U’YÙL, Y˚X≈£)

(BZm Es[, A⁄˚UVÙ], ˘TÙeœ°u\, ◊≤RUÙ])

TÙPp Y -̈L˚[ YÙ£-Ÿe-Ls, ̆ RÙPo-L-̊ [l TVu-T-”jßl ◊ßV

TÙPp Y -̈Ls G›-’e-Ls.

A˚X A•d-œm LP-≠˙X

B] Uh-”m ˙TÙL-XÙm.

Y˚X G”j’ ≈£˙V

YÙ˚[ ¡˚]l ©•d-L-XÙm.

Page 7: Yœl IV - SCERTscert.kerala.gov.in/images/2015/textbook-2015/std-04/tamil 4.pdfYœl IV ˙LW[ AW— LpÆj’˚\ RVÙ¨l UÙ®Xd LpÆVÙWÙnf£ Utflm T´t£ ®flY]m (SCERT), ˙LW[m

12

șj Rٴu

øXf ˙N˚X

LPp-L-˚[-Ÿm LPp-NÙo E´-¨-]e-L-˚[-Ÿm TÙ’-LÙl-T-’ œ±j-’

ÆØl◊Qo‹ Ht-T-”j-’m Y˚L´p _¯u 8Bm ˙Rß No-Y-̇ RNd

LPpß]m L˚P-©-•d-Ll-T-”-°-\-’. LP˚Xd LÙdL A˚]-Y-⁄dœm

Aß-LÙ-Wm GuT-’ CkR Bi” LPpß]j-ßu ˚UVd-L-⁄j-RÙL

Es[-’.

È™ J⁄ Teœ ®Xj-RÙ-¤m Íu-fl Teœ Ri-ΩWÙ¤m „Zl-

Th”s-[-’. EX-°p Es[ ˘UÙjRj Ri-Ω-̈ p 97 NR-≈-Rm LPp øo.

CR-]Ùp YÙ≤p C⁄k-’ TÙoj-RÙp È™ FRÙ ®\j-ßp ˘R¨°\’.

LP-XÙp U≤-Ro-L-fid-œl TX-Æ-R-UÙ] Su˚U °˚Pd-°\-’. Rt-̇ TÙ’

LPp ˙YL-UÙL UÙN-̊ Pk-’ Y⁄-°u-\’. ÿu Gl-̇ TÙ-’m Cp-XÙR

A[-‹dœl ©Wf-£˚]-L˚[d LPp Nk-ßd-°-\-’. SÙm —YÙ-£d-œm

Bd£_≤p, 70 ÿRp 80 NR-≈-Rm LPp ÍX-UÙL E⁄-YÙ-°-\-’, SUdœj

˙R˚Y-VÙ] œ•-ø-⁄m, LP-≠p C⁄k-’ U˚Z-VÙLd °˚Pd-°-\-’, LPp

YØVÙLjRÙu Aß-L-[‹ Y¶-Lm SPd-°-\-’,

12

Page 8: Yœl IV - SCERTscert.kerala.gov.in/images/2015/textbook-2015/std-04/tamil 4.pdfYœl IV ˙LW[ AW— LpÆj’˚\ RVÙ¨l UÙ®Xd LpÆVÙWÙnf£ Utflm T´t£ ®flY]m (SCERT), ˙LW[m

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EX-°p TX ˙LÙ• Ud-Ls ß]-ÿm EQ‹, Y⁄-UÙ-]m B°-V-Yt-fld-LÙLd

LP˚Xj RÙu Sm© Es-[-]o, ¡]-YoLfid-œd LP-≠p RÙu YÙrd-̊ L˙V.

EXL Ud-L-∞p ˘T⁄m-T-œ-ß-́ -]o ˙SW-•-VÙ-L-̇ YÙ U˚\-ÿ-L-UÙ-L˙YÙ LPp

ÍXm TVu˘Tfl-°u-\-]o.

LP-≠p TX A¨V Y˚L E -̈́ -]e-Ls

YÙr-°u-\-]; TY-[l-TÙ-̊ \-Ls, T≤l-TÙ-

˚\-Ls Es-[-]. T≤l-TÙ-̊ \-Ls

E⁄°d LPp Uh-Pm EVo°-\-’, CR-

]Ùp CVt˚Lf NU-®˚X TÙßd-Ll-

T-”-°-\-’. ˘NVt˚Ld LØ‹-

L˚[d LP-≠p ˘LÙh-”YRÙ¤m,

Gi-̆ Qnd LØ‹Ls LXl-TRÙ-¤m

LPpYÙr E -̈́ -]e-Ls TÙßdLl-T-”-

°u\]. LPp-L-∞p œ±l-©hP

Æ›dLÙ” TY-[l-TÙ˚\-Ls AØk’

Æh-P-]. ˙U¤m Es[ TY-[l-TÙ-̊ \-Ls.

˙YL-UÙLl TÙßd-Ll-Th-” Y⁄°u-\-].

LP˚X SÙm Li-”-̆ LÙs-[Ù-Æ-•p,

Li•lTÙLl ˘T¨V TÙßl-◊d-œ

Es[Ù˙YÙm. LP-≠u Y[j˚Rl ˙TQ,

EXL Ud-Ls Ju-±-̊ Qk-’ ˘NVp-T-”-Y-’

AY-£-Vm.

13

Page 9: Yœl IV - SCERTscert.kerala.gov.in/images/2015/textbook-2015/std-04/tamil 4.pdfYœl IV ˙LW[ AW— LpÆj’˚\ RVÙ¨l UÙ®Xd LpÆVÙWÙnf£ Utflm T´t£ ®flY]m (SCERT), ˙LW[m

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TPj˚Rl TÙoj’ EeLs L⁄j˚Rd ·fleLs.

˘NVpTÙ”Ls

LP≠u £\l◊ œ±j’ EeLs L⁄j’ Gu]? G›’eLs.

G.LÙ. :

EX-°u ˘T⁄m-T-œ-ß-Ÿm LPp øo-RÙu.

∏˙Z ̆ LÙ”dLlTh”s[ ̆ NÙtL˚[l TVuT”jß YÙd°VeLs

G›’eLs.

G.LÙ. :

LP≠p HWÙ[UÙ] ¡uLs YÙr°u\].

Y¶Lm

¡uLs

¡]Yo

LlTp

TPœ

œ•øo U˚Z

El◊ LPp

Page 10: Yœl IV - SCERTscert.kerala.gov.in/images/2015/textbook-2015/std-04/tamil 4.pdfYœl IV ˙LW[ AW— LpÆj’˚\ RVÙ¨l UÙ®Xd LpÆVÙWÙnf£ Utflm T´t£ ®flY]m (SCERT), ˙LW[m

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-UÙ-\u : EX-Lj-ßp ˘T¨V LPp G’lTÙ?

AlTÙ : T£©d LPpRÙu, A’ A˘U-̈ d-LÙ-‹d-œm Wx-VÙ-‹d-œm C˚P˙V

C⁄d-°-\-’, EX-Ll TWl-©p 35 Æ›dLÙ” CPj˚R Bh˘LÙi”

Es[’.

EX-Lj-ß-̇ X-̇ V BZ-UÙ] LPp Gu\ ̆ T⁄-̊ U-Ÿm CRt-œ Ei”.

CRu BZm 37 B -́Wj-’ 782 A•.

-UÙ-\u : LP≠u BZj˚R Gl-T-•lTÙ LQd-°-”°\ÙoLs ?

AlTÙ : J⁄ Lm-©p L]-UÙ] œi-̊ Pd Lh•d LP-≠p C\d-°, œi-”

R˚W-˚Vj ˘RÙ”-Y-’Y˚W Es[ Lm-©-´u ø[j˚Rd

LQd°hP]o. C’ T˚ZV ÿ˚\.

J≠-V-̊ X-L-̊ [d LP-¤d-œs A‡l©, A’ R˚W-̊ Vj ˘RÙh-”

Æh-”j ß⁄m© YW Bœm ˙SWj-˚Rd LQd°h-”d LP≠u

BZm Li”©-•d-Ll-T-”-°-\-’. C’ ◊ßV ÿ˚\.

A˚Ußd LPpLs

15

Page 11: Yœl IV - SCERTscert.kerala.gov.in/images/2015/textbook-2015/std-04/tamil 4.pdfYœl IV ˙LW[ AW— LpÆj’˚\ RVÙ¨l UÙ®Xd LpÆVÙWÙnf£ Utflm T´t£ ®flY]m (SCERT), ˙LW[m

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-UÙ-\u : CWi-PÙ-Y-’ ˘T¨V LPp G’?

AlTÙ : Ah-XÙi-•d LPp. C’ A˘U-̈ d-LÙ-‹d-œm Bl-©-̈ d-LÙ-‹d-

œm C˚P˙V Es-[-’. C’ EX-Ll -T-Wl-©p 2.9 Æ›dLÙ”

CPj-ßp TWÆ Es-[-’, CRu EVokR ThN BZm 27

B -́Wj-’ 498 A•.

16

Page 12: Yœl IV - SCERTscert.kerala.gov.in/images/2015/textbook-2015/std-04/tamil 4.pdfYœl IV ˙LW[ AW— LpÆj’˚\ RVÙ¨l UÙ®Xd LpÆVÙWÙnf£ Utflm T´t£ ®flY]m (SCERT), ˙LW[m

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-UÙ-\u : SU-’ CkßVl ˘T⁄e-L -Pp-RÙu Íu\ÙY’ CPj-ßp

C⁄d°-\-RÙlTÙ?

AlTÙ : BUÙm. ARu TWl-◊ Gu] ˘R -̈ŸUÙ?

2 ˙LÙ•˙V 84 XhNm N’W ˚Up. C’ œU¨ ÿ˚]-́ p C⁄k-’

˘Ru ’⁄-Ym Y˚W TW-Æd °Pd-°-\-’. SÙuLÙY-’ LPp-RÙu

Bo•d. C’ YP-’-⁄-Ym A⁄˙L Es-[-’. ’⁄-Yd-L-Pp B]RÙp

Y⁄-Pj-ßp TÙß SÙhL∞p T≤VÙp E˚\k-’ °Pd-œm. ¡ßd-

LÙXm T≤d-Lh-• E⁄° K”m. Ceœd Ll-Tp ˙TÙd-œ-Y-Wj-’

G’‹m °˚P-VÙ-’. 54 Xh-Nm N’W ˚Up TWl-©p C’ Es-[-’.

CkR SÙuœ LPp-L-̊ [-Ÿm Nÿj-ß-Wm Gu-flm A˚Zd-°˙\Ùm.

C˚Y RÆW Uj-ßV R˚Wd-L-Pp, TÙp-•d LPp, L⁄e-L-Pp,

L¨©Vu LPp, ˘NeL-Pp ˙TÙu-fl SÙu-œ Td-L-ÿm ®Xl-T-œ-ß-

VÙp „Zl-ThP EsSÙh-”d LPpLs Eh-TP 16 LPp-Ls Es[].

-UÙ-\u : LP-≠p A˚X Ei-PÙ-Y-Rtœd LÙW-Qm Gu] AlTÙ?

AlTÙ : „¨-Vu Ut-flm Nk-ß-W-≤u Dol◊ Ndß LÙW-Q-UÙLd LP-≠p

A˚XLs EiPÙ°u\]!

-UÙ-\u : LPp øo El-TÙL C⁄l-T-Rt-œ Gu] LÙW-Qm AlTÙ?

AlTÙ : TX ˙LÙ• Bi-”-L-[Ù-Ld LP-¤d-œ A•-́ p °Pd-œm TX RÙ’l

˘TÙ⁄s-L-̊ [d LPp øo L˚Wj-’j Ru-‡-Pu ˙Noj-’ ˚Yj-’

C⁄d°-\-’. Aj’Pu U˚Z-øo LP≠p LXd-œm-̇ TÙ-’ ®Xjßu

RÙ’l ˘TÙ⁄sL˚[j Ru-‡-Pu LP-¤d-œd ˘LÙi-” Yk-’

˙Noj’ Es-[-’. LPp øo BÆ-VÙ-œm˙TÙ’, Aßp L˚Wk’s[

RÙ’l ˘TÙ⁄s-Ls ∏˙Z˙V Re°Æ”-°u-\-]. ClT•jRÙu

LPpøo El◊f—˚Y- ˘Tfl-°-\-’. LP-≠u A•-́ p TX U˚XLs,

U-̊ Xj-̆ RÙ-Po-Ls, Ts-[j-RÙd-œ-Ls C⁄d-°u-\-]. CUV U˚X˚V

ÆPl ˘T¨V U˚X-Ls T£-©d LP-¤d-œ A•´p

C⁄d°u\]YÙm.

˛ ˘UnVl-Tu

17

Page 13: Yœl IV - SCERTscert.kerala.gov.in/images/2015/textbook-2015/std-04/tamil 4.pdfYœl IV ˙LW[ AW— LpÆj’˚\ RVÙ¨l UÙ®Xd LpÆVÙWÙnf£ Utflm T´t£ ®flY]m (SCERT), ˙LW[m

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˘NVpTÙ”Ls

E˚WVÙP˚X YÙ£j’ S•j’d LÙh”eLs

—RkßWl ˙TÙWÙhP YWXÙt±p El◊f NjßVÙd°WLm ÿd°V CPm

˘Tt\’. El◊ RVÙ¨lT’ GlT•? ˘T¨˙VÙoL∞Pm ˙Lh” G›ß

Yœl©p YÙ£ŸeLs.

Page 14: Yœl IV - SCERTscert.kerala.gov.in/images/2015/textbook-2015/std-04/tamil 4.pdfYœl IV ˙LW[ AW— LpÆj’˚\ RVÙ¨l UÙ®Xd LpÆVÙWÙnf£ Utflm T´t£ ®flY]m (SCERT), ˙LW[m

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˙LÙY[jßtœf —tflXÙ ̆ Nu\ £e-°Ÿm ™e-°-Ÿm Gu˘]u]

˙T£d˘LÙsYÙoLs. ̆ TÙ⁄jRUÙ] E˚WVÙPp G›’eLs.

19

LP˚Xf—h”m ̇ Yfl ̆ TVoLs

BØ ÿk-øo TW˚Y

◊Q¨ Tq-Ym Nÿj-ß-Wm

˙Y˚X BoL≠

A±k-’-̆ LÙs-fie-Ls.

Page 15: Yœl IV - SCERTscert.kerala.gov.in/images/2015/textbook-2015/std-04/tamil 4.pdfYœl IV ˙LW[ AW— LpÆj’˚\ RVÙ¨l UÙ®Xd LpÆVÙWÙnf£ Utflm T´t£ ®flY]m (SCERT), ˙LW[m

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—]Ù™ GuT’ _lTÙ≤Vf ̆ NÙp "—' Gu\Ùp "’˚\ÿLm'. 'SÙ™' Gu\Ùp A˚X.

G]˙Y —]Ù™ Gu\Ùp ’˚\ÿL A˚X Gufl ˘TÙ⁄s. B]Ùp —]Ù™ GuT’

’˚\ÿLeL∞p HtT”m A˚X ApX. —]Ù™ £X ˙SWeL∞p ˙TW˚X Gufl

œ±l©PlT”°\’. —]Ù™ R™Øp LPt˙LÙs ApX’ BØl˙TW˚X G]

A±VlT”°\’. LP≠p ApX’ H¨ ˙TÙu\ ˘T¨V øolTWl©p ߺ˘W]l

˘T⁄U[‹ øo CPm ˘TVodLlT”m˙TÙ’ HtT”m Jufl ApX’ ARtœ

˙UtThP A˚Xj˘RÙPoL˙[ —]Ù™.

°.ÿ. 4 ̨ Cp °˙WdL YWXÙt\Ù£¨Vo ߟ£˚PhvRÙu ÿRp ÿR≠p —]Ù™´u

LÙWQj˚Rd LiP±kRÙo. GkR CPjßp ®X S”dLm HtT”°\˙RÙ AkR

CPjßp LPp EsYÙe° ©u◊ CWh˚P Ndß ˘LÙiP ˘Ys[l ˘T⁄dœ

HtT”°\’. ®XS”dLm HtTPÙUp —]Ù™ HtTP YÙnl◊ Cp˚X Guflm

œ±l©h”s[Ùo.

BØl ˙TW˚X

20

Page 16: Yœl IV - SCERTscert.kerala.gov.in/images/2015/textbook-2015/std-04/tamil 4.pdfYœl IV ˙LW[ AW— LpÆj’˚\ RVÙ¨l UÙ®Xd LpÆVÙWÙnf£ Utflm T´t£ ®flY]m (SCERT), ˙LW[m

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2004 ˛Bm Bi” •NmTo 26˛Bm SÙ[ufl HtThP ÈLmTjRÙp ˙RÙu±V

A˚XLs RÙm CkßVl ̆ T⁄eLP≠p —]Ù™˚V HtT”jß]. C’˙Y 2004˛Bm

Bi•u ™Ll ˘T¨V CVt˚L AØYÙLd L⁄RlThP’.

—]Ù™Ls C⁄ YØL∞p ˙NRj˚R HtT”j’°u\]. ˘T⁄U[‹ Ndߟs[

˘T¨V A˚X AßL ˙YLjßp ˘NpYRÙp ®XlTœß˚V ˘UÙjRUÙL AØj’

GpXÙl ̆ TÙ⁄hL˚[Ÿm Ru‡Pu G”j’f ̆ NuflÆ”m. CR]Ùp ̆ T⁄m ̇ NRm

HtT”°\’. BZUÙ] ̆ T⁄eLP≠p J⁄ —]Ù™ 200°˙XÙ ¡hPo A˚X ø[ÿm

U¶dœ 800 °˙XÙ¡hPo TV¶dœm Ndߟm E˚PV’.

LP≠p ¡u©•dLf ˘Nu\ ¡]YoLs ¡u ©•dœm˙TÙ’ GkR A˚X˚VŸm

EQWÙUp L˚Wdœj ß⁄m© YkR©u °WÙU˙U ˘T¨V LPX˚XL[Ùp

AØ‹t\˚Rd Li”s[]o.

21

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22

EeLs Ts∞´p NoY˙RNd LPpß]m ˘LÙiPÙP HtTÙ”

˘NnŸeLs. Gu˘]u] ®Lrf£Ls SPjRXÙm? LXk’˚WVÙ”eLs.

L⁄j’Ls G›ß ̆ Y∞´”eLs.

LPp UÙN˚PY˚Rj R”dL SÙm Eflß ̆ Nn˙YÙm. Eflß ̆ UÙØ˚V

G›ßd LÙ˚Xd·hPjßp YÙ£ŸeLs.

Eflß-˘UÙØ

LPp SU’ Au˚]˚Vl ˙TÙu\Ys.

A˚R SÙm Jq˘YÙ⁄Y⁄m ˙S£dL ˙Yi”m.

CVt˚Lf ∫t\jRÙp TÙßdLlT”m UdL˚[l TÙ’LÙdL SÙm

Gu˘]u] ÿu˘]fN¨d˚LLs G”dLXÙm?

LXk’˚WVÙ”eLs; L⁄j’L˚[d ·fleLs.

˘NVpTÙ”Ls

Page 18: Yœl IV - SCERTscert.kerala.gov.in/images/2015/textbook-2015/std-04/tamil 4.pdfYœl IV ˙LW[ AW— LpÆj’˚\ RVÙ¨l UÙ®Xd LpÆVÙWÙnf£ Utflm T´t£ ®flY]m (SCERT), ˙LW[m

23

"LPp ¡˚]j R⁄m' Gu‡m YÙd°Vjßp LPp, ¡˚], R⁄m GuT]

ARu Efll◊L[Ùœm. ∏˙Z ˘LÙ”dLlTh”s[ YÙd°VeL∞u

Efll◊L˚[ AhPY˚Q´p G”j’ G›’eLs.

LPp ¡˚]j R⁄m.

C[UÙ\u T¨— ˘Tt\Ùu.

Ck’_Ù TÙPm T•d°\Ùs.

A◊TdLo L¶≤ YÙe°]Ùu.

SÙu UÙ¤™˚Vl TÙoj˙Ru.

LPp ¡˚] R⁄m

.......................... .......................... ..........................

.......................... .......................... ..........................

.......................... .......................... ..........................

.......................... .......................... ..........................

.......................... .......................... ..........................

.......................... .......................... ..........................

UÙߨ˚Vl ̇ TÙufl UÙt± G›’eLs.

G.LÙ. :

˘TÙeœm LPp ˛ ˘TÙeLÙR LPp

E⁄œm T≤dLh• ˛ ..............................................

UX⁄m UXo ˛ ..............................................

J∞⁄m ™u™≤ ˛ ..............................................

AØŸm AZœ ˛ ..............................................

Page 19: Yœl IV - SCERTscert.kerala.gov.in/images/2015/textbook-2015/std-04/tamil 4.pdfYœl IV ˙LW[ AW— LpÆj’˚\ RVÙ¨l UÙ®Xd LpÆVÙWÙnf£ Utflm T´t£ ®flY]m (SCERT), ˙LW[m

24

∏rY⁄m ˙LÙ•hP CPeL˚[j RœkR ˘NÙtL[Ùp ®Wl◊eLs.

G.LÙ. :

SÙu T•j˙Ru SÙeLs T•j˙RÙm

AYu TÙ•]Ùu AYoLs ......................................

A’ ...................................... A˚YLs K•]

£flYu £¨jRÙu £flYoLs ......................................

T— ˙UnkR’ T—dLs ......................................

SÙu ...................................... SÙeLs ˘Nu˙\Ùm

œ±¬” Æ[dLm

J⁄ ˘NÙt˘\ÙP¨p ˘TÙ⁄s ÿ•‹ ˘Tt\˚R

EQoj’YRtLÙL C”m œ± ÿtfll◊s∞.

J⁄ ˘RÙP¨p ˘TÙ⁄sLs TX ˘RÙPok’

Y⁄m˙TÙ’ CPl˘Tflm œ± LÙt◊s∞.

J⁄ ˘NÙt˘\ÙP¨p Ko G›YÙn, TX

TV≤˚XL˚[l ˘Ttfl Y⁄m˙TÙ’

Jq˘YÙ⁄ TV≤˚X´u Cflß´¤m

CPl˘Tflm œ± A˚Wl◊s∞.

Æ]Ùj˘RÙP¨u Cflß´p CPl˘Tflm œ±

Æ]Ùdœ±.

ÆVl◊l ˘TÙ⁄˚[ EQoj’m ˘NÙp˚X

A”j’ CPl˘Tflm œ± ÆVl◊dœ±.

.,

!

;

?

Page 20: Yœl IV - SCERTscert.kerala.gov.in/images/2015/textbook-2015/std-04/tamil 4.pdfYœl IV ˙LW[ AW— LpÆj’˚\ RVÙ¨l UÙ®Xd LpÆVÙWÙnf£ Utflm T´t£ ®flY]m (SCERT), ˙LW[m

25

ÿRu˚Ud Lt\p A˚P‹LsÿRu˚Ud Lt\p A˚P‹LsÿRu˚Ud Lt\p A˚P‹LsÿRu˚Ud Lt\p A˚P‹LsÿRu˚Ud Lt\p A˚P‹Ls

—LÙRÙWj’Pu ˘RÙPo◊˚PV LÆ˚RL˚[ YÙ£j’d L⁄j˚R

Eh˘LÙi” CWÙLm, RÙ[m, TÙY˚]ŸPu TÙ”°\ÙoLs. TÙPp

Y¨Lfidœ CWN˚]d œ±l◊ G›’°\ÙoLs.

˘TÙ⁄jRUÙ] „ZpL∞p —Y˘WÙh•, A±Æl◊l TX˚L, U‡dLs

G›ß ˘Y∞´”°\ÙoLs.

Tjߨ˚Lf ˘NnßLs, ®Lrf£Ls, ©W—WeLs ˙TÙu\Yt±tœl

˘TÙ⁄jRUÙ] R˚Xl◊ G›’°\ÙoLs.

TPeLs, LÙh£Ls B°VYt±tœl ˘TÙ⁄jRUÙ] œ±l◊Ls

G›ß ˘Y∞´”°\ÙoLs.

È™´u ˘T⁄Íf—

2

U≤R≤u —VSXjRÙp —tfll◊\m

UÙN˚Pk’s[’. Au\ÙPm SÙm ≈£˘V±Ÿm LØ‹l

˘TÙ⁄hL[Ùp —LÙRÙWd ˙L” HtT”°\’. AR]Ùp Tp˙Yfl

˙SÙnLs TW‹°u\]. CRtœ GßWÙ] ÆØl◊Qo‹ œZk˚RL∞Pm

HtTP ˙Yi”m GuT] ˙TÙu\d L⁄j’L˚[d œZk˚RLs ˘Tflm

Y˚L´p CqYXœ A˚U°\’

Page 21: Yœl IV - SCERTscert.kerala.gov.in/images/2015/textbook-2015/std-04/tamil 4.pdfYœl IV ˙LW[ AW— LpÆj’˚\ RVÙ¨l UÙ®Xd LpÆVÙWÙnf£ Utflm T´t£ ®flY]m (SCERT), ˙LW[m

26

Dd-Ls ˘LÙ—d-Ls T\d-œ-RPÙ ˛ A˚Y

G∞-RÙn ˙SÙ˚Vl TWl-◊RPÙ

æd-œs ©[Ùv•d E⁄-œ-RPÙ ˛ A’

æVÙn Sf˚N E™-›-RPÙ

œl˚T ·[m œÆ-Ÿ-RPÙ ˛ A’

œUh-”m SÙt-\m TWl-◊-RPÙ

œØ-́ p NÙd-L˚P ®˚\Ÿ-RPÙ ˛ Aßp

˘S∞-Ÿm ◊›-dLs Y[-⁄-RPÙ

Geœm ©[Ùv-•d °Pd-œ-R-PÙ˛ A’

Gu-flm UdLÙ ß⁄d-œ-RPÙ

Reœm Ui¶p CPm-©-•j-’ ˛ A’

Ri-Ωo Ft˚\ A˚Pd-œ-RPÙ

—j-Rm LÙj-ßPPÙ

26

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27

Gf-£p C˚X-Ls °Pd-œ-RPÙ ˛ A˚Y

Ge-œm A›°d œUh-”-RPÙ

Sf-NÙnd LÙt˚\ UÙt-±--P˙Y ˛ A˚Y

SÙt-\m Ge-œm TWl-◊-RPÙ

—t-fll ◊\j-̊ Rd LÙj-ßPPÙ ˛ A˚Rf

—j-Rm Bd-°l TÙoj-ßPPÙ

˘Ytfld œl©d LØ-‹-L˚[

Æ˚W-YÙn ÿ˚\-VÙn ALt-±-PPÙ

≈h-”f —j-Rm LÙj-ß-PPÙ ˛ Eu

≈ßf —j-Rm ˙T¶PPÙ

SÙh-”f —j-Rm ˙TÙt-±PPÙ ˛ ß]m

SX-UÙn EX-°p YÙrk-ßPPÙ˛ ©WRÙl

27

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28

˘NVpTÙ”Ls

TÙP˚Xl Tp˙Yfl ̆ Uh”L∞p TÙ”eLs.

J˙W K˚NŸ˚PV ̆ NÙtL˚[l TÙP≠≠⁄k’ LiP±k’ G›’eLs

G.LÙ. :

T\dœRPÙ TWl◊RPÙ

˘RÙPoL˚[f N¨VÙ] J≠l◊Pu YÙ£ŸeLs.

• ˘Ytfldœl©

• Gf£p C˚XLs

• —\fll◊\m

• ≈ßf —jRm

• œl˚Td·[m

• ˘S∞Ÿm ◊›dLs

• Sf—d LÙtfl

• ≈h”f —jRm

˘TÙ⁄jRUÙ] K˘W›j’f ̆ NÙp˚X G›’eLs.

G.LÙ. :

˘S⁄l◊ : ......................... UXo : .........................

LWm : ......................... TÙPp : .........................

AWNu : ......................... T— : .........................

(˙LÙ, TÙ, ̊ L, È, B)

æ

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29

TÙP˚X YÙ£ŸeLs. —tfll◊\m LÙdL øeLs Gu] ̆ Nn≈oLs? G›’eLs.

—tflf „Zp ˘Lh”ÆPÙUp

—jRm LÙlT’ ˘TÙfllTÙœm

œl˚T ·[m ˘T⁄LÙUp

œ±VÙn C⁄k’ ̆ T⁄d°P‘m

(G.LÙ:)

˘TÙ’ CPjßp ’lTUÙh˙Pu.

EeLs Ts∞d·Pjßp œl˚TL˚[l ˙TÙPd œl˚Tj ˘RÙh•Ls

˚YdœUÙfl FWÙh£ Uu\j R˚XY⁄dœ J⁄ U‡ G›’eLs.

˙Rß :

CPm : A‡l◊So

˘TflSo

IVÙ,

Su±!

CYi

(˚L-̆ VÙl-Tm)

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30

CVt-̊ L-́ u ÿ˚\-¬-”

ÈY-W£ : £u-]-U-¶d LÙj-’ Yk-’

Li-Ωo Æh-P-’!

ÈY-W-Nu : Hu Li-Ωo Æh-P-’?

ÈY-W£ : Ru-‡-Pm◊ ÿ›’-U-Rt-œd

LÙVm Gu-\-’!

ÈY-W-Nu : GR-]Ùp LÙVm Gu-\-’?

ÈY-W£ : ˘RÙØt-NÙ˚Xl ◊˚L-VÙ-¤m,

UWkR˚] AØl-T-RÙ-¤m

LÙt-fl ˙NRUÙf—!

ARu EPm◊ LÙV-UÙf-—!

ÈY-W-Nu : K˙aÙ,,,,, Al-T-•VÙ!

ÈY-W£ : ˘LhP LÙjR SÙm Æ”-̇ YÙm,

SpX LÙjR SÙm G”l-̇ TÙm,

SpX LÙjR UWk Rk’

˘LhP LÙjR G”j-’d-œm!

ÈY-W-Nu : Al-T-•l˙TÙ” ,,,,,-N-TÙ-x,,,,

ÈY-W£ : YÙ≤u ˙ULm K•-Yk-’

RÙLm Gu-\-’!

30

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31

ÈY-W-Nu : Hu RÙLm Gu-\-’?

ÈY-W£ : U≤-Ru ˙TÙhP A‘-œi-PÙ˙X

˙NÙLm Gu-\-’!

ÈY-W£ : LP-¤m A˚Xd ˚LL-[Ù˙X

Y´t-±p A•j-R-’!

ÈY-W-Nu : Hu Y´t-±p A•j-R-’!

ÈY-W£ : A•-Y-́ t-±p A‘-œi-”

˚Yj-RÙu Gu-\-’!

ÈY-W-Nu : I˙VÙ ˚Yj-RÙu Gu-\-’!

ÈY-W£ : AR-]Ù˙X Ru Y -́fl

Y≠d-œ ˘Ru-\-’!

ÈY-W-Nu : I˙VÙ Y≠d-œ ˘Ru-\-’!

ÈY-W£ : È™ Æ”m Íf-—-·P

ÈLmT UÙ]-’!

ÈY-W-Nu : Hu ÈLm-T-UÙ-]’?

ÈY-W£ : A‘-œi-” ˙NÙR-̊ ]-VÙp

’•j-’l ˙TÙ]-’!

31

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32

ÈY-W-Nu : A’ ’•j-’l ˙TÙ]-’!

ÈY-W£ : ˘TÙ\k-’-Y-⁄m ◊s-̊ [-·Pd

·u œ⁄-PÙn Bœ-’!

ÈY-W-Nu : Hu œ⁄-PÙn Bœ-’?

ÈY-W£ : A‘-œi-” Æ`jRÙ˙X

Ak-Rf -̇ NRUÙœ-’!

ÈY-W-Nu : AP ˘WÙmTf ˙NR-UÙ-œ-’!

ÈY-W£ : Y[-⁄m T -́⁄m TÙß-́ ˙X

L⁄-°l ˙TÙœ-’

ÈY-W-Nu : Hu L⁄-°l ˙TÙœ-’?

ÈY-W£ : ®Xm YÙu LÙt-fl

Æ`UÙ-]-RÙ˙X Bœ-’!

ÈY-W-Nu : Æ`UÙ-]-RÙ˙X Bœ-’!

ÈY-W£ : B˚X-Æ-”m ◊˚L-R-”d-Ld

LÙt-fl ˘NÙu-]-’!

ÈY-W-Nu : BaÙ LÙt-fl ˘NÙu-]-’!

ÈY-W£ : UWj˚R ˘Yh-PÙ˙R

˙ULm ˘NÙu-]-’!

ÈY-W-Nu : AkR ˙ULm ˘NÙu-]-’

ÈY-W£ : A‘-œi˚P ˚Yd-LÙ˙R

®X-ÿm ˘NÙu-]-’

ÈY-W-Nu : CkR ®X-ÿm ˘NÙu-]-’

ÈY-W£ : Ri-Ω˚W Æ`UÙd-LÙ˙R

LP-¤m ˘NÙu-]-’!

ÈY-W-Nu : øXd LP-¤m ˘NÙu-]-’!

32

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33

TÙP˚X C⁄YWÙLl TÙ• S•j’dLÙh”eLs.

˙Tf— YZdœf ̆ NÙtL˚[j ß⁄kßV Y•Æp G›’eLs.

˘Ru\p LÙj’ ˘UpX ≈£l ˙TÙ]’.

£fl ◊s˚[Ls ˚L≈£ SPkRÙoLs.

◊Vp ≈£VRÙp ˙RÙ¶˘VpXÙm ˙NRUÙf—’.

LÙp R”d° Æ›kRRÙp EPp ÿ›’m LÙVUÙf—’.

˘NVpTÙ”Ls

UWeL˚[ ˘YhPÙæo!

TPeLfidœl ̆ TÙ⁄jRUÙ] œ±l◊ G›’eLs

YÙŸUiPXj˚Rl TÙ’LÙdL A±Æl◊l TX˚L RVÙo ̆ NnŸeLs

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34

CPm : FWÙh£ Ju-±Vd L˚X-V-We-Lm, ˙YXe-LÙ-”

˙Rß : 6˛7-̨ 2015

˙SWm : LÙ˚X 10 U¶

Au-TÙokR ̆ TÙ’-Ud-L˙[!

SU-’ Tœ-ß-́ p VÙ˚]d-LÙp, U˙X-̈ -VÙ-, -̆ Pe-œ LÙnfNp,

£d-œu œ≤-VÙ, ˙TÙu\ ˙SÙn-Ls TWÆ Y⁄-°-u\],

CYt±tœj æo‹ LÙiT-Rt-LÙ] YØL˚[-d œ±jR ÆØl-

◊-Qo‹ ÿLÙm SU-’ FWÙh£ Ju-±Vd L˚X-V-We-Lj-ßp

S˚P˘Tfl°\’. Cm-ÿ-LÙ -™p AW-— U⁄j-’-Yo

ß⁄.A˘XdNÙi-Po Æ[dLm R⁄°\Ùo. ˘TÙ’-Ud-Ls

A˚]-Y-⁄m RY\Ù’ LXk-’ ̆ LÙi” TVu-̆ Tfl-UÙ-fl Au-

◊-Pu A˚Zd°˙\Ùm.

Cl-T-•d-œ,

L.B]kRWÙw,

CPm : ̇ YXe-LÙ-”, R˚X-Yo,

˙Rß : 4˛7-̨ 2015. ˙YXe-LÙ-”,

°WÙUl TgNÙVj-’.

ÆØl-◊-Qo‹ ÿLÙm

34

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ÆØl◊Qo‹ ÿLÙm SPj’YRtLÙ] ®Lrf£ ®W˚X ®Wl◊eLs.

®Lrf£ ®Wp

C˚\ YQdLm :

R˚XYo :

YW˙Yt◊˚W :

Yœl◊ SPj’TYo :

Su±Ÿ˚W :

˙R£V ∏Rm :

ÆØl◊Qo‹ ÿLÙ˚Ul Tt±V Tjߨ˚Lf ̆ Nnß G›’eLs.

C˚Qj’f ̆ NÙp¤eLs; G›’eLs.

G.LÙ. :

œl˚TLs œÆkR]. ˘LÙ—dLs ˘T⁄°].

œl˚TLs œÆkRRÙp ˘LÙ—dLs ˘T⁄°].

NÙdL˚Pd œZÙn E˚PkR’. ˘R⁄˘YpXÙm A—jRUÙ]’.

˘LÙ— L•jR’. LiQ‡dœd LÙnfNp YkR’.

LÙtfl ≈£V’. UWeLs J•k’ Æ›kR].

U˚Z ˘TnR’. œ[eLs ®Wm©].

˘NVpTÙ”Ls

˙YXeLÙ” : _¯˚X 7

Page 31: Yœl IV - SCERTscert.kerala.gov.in/images/2015/textbook-2015/std-04/tamil 4.pdfYœl IV ˙LW[ AW— LpÆj’˚\ RVÙ¨l UÙ®Xd LpÆVÙWÙnf£ Utflm T´t£ ®flY]m (SCERT), ˙LW[m

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AlTÙ G›ßd ˘LÙi•⁄kRÙo. Al˙TÙ’, LÙ© ˘LÙi”

YkRÙs AmUÙ.

APPÙ... ˚U æok’ ˙TÙf˙N! Gufl ˙T]Ù˚Yd œl˚Tj

˘RÙh•´p Ád°l˙TÙhPÙo.

""Hu œl˚T´p ˙TÙhºeL'' Gufl ˙LhPÙo, AmUÙ.

""TVuT”jß ˘Y∞˙V G±Vd·•V... T‹Po

PlTÙ, Tt˘TÙ• PlTÙ, ClT•l TXYt˚\Ÿm

Ád°jRÙ˙] G±V˙\Ùm'' Gu\Ùo, AlTÙ.

Al˙TÙ’ Aeœ YkR A°Xu, G˚RŸ˙U

Ád° G±VÙUp C⁄dL I•VÙ TiQXÙ˙U!

Gufl ˘NÙu]Ùu.

£±’ ˙SWjßp A°Xu.... LÙ≠ Tt˘TÙ• PlTÙ,

˙T]Ù, T‹Po PlTÙ, ̇ ReLÙn Gi˘Qn PlTÙ,

TÙ≠x PlTÙ A˚]j˚RŸm ˘LÙi” Yk’

˙U˚N´u ¡’ ̊ YjRÙu. C˚Rl TÙojR‹P˙]

AmUÙ, ""Gu]PÙ ̆ NnV ̇ TÙ\''? Gufl ̇ LhPÙo.

˘LÙgNm ˙SWjßtœj ˘RÙkRW‹ ˘NnVÙæoLs

Gufl Ru ˙Y˚X´p Ír°]Ùu A°Xu.

Gp˙XÙ⁄m Ce˙L YÙeL, G˚RŸm Ád° G±V

˙YiPÙm. C˙RÙ LÙ≠VÙ] CWi” Tt˘TÙ•

PlTÙdLs. Su\ÙLf —jRm ˘Nn’Æh”, Í•´p

’˚[ ˙TÙh”Æh˙Pu. Cl˙TÙ’ NÙlTÙh”

˙U˚N¡’ ™[œl ̆ TÙ•, El◊ ̇ TÙ”m PlTÙdL[ÙL

UÙt±Ÿs˙[u Gufl Gp˙XÙ⁄dœm LÙi©jRÙu.

¡i”m! ¡i”m!

36

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A”jR’, A°Xu, Ru Re˚L´Pm C’ TVuT”jßÆh”

˘Y∞˙V G±Ÿm ˙T]Ù. HtL]˙Y ∫Æf∫Æf

£u]RÙ°l˙TÙ] ˘Tu£˚Xl ˙T]ÙÆu A•lTdLjßp

˘N⁄° C⁄d°˙\u. Su\ÙLl ©•j’ G›RXÙm Gu\Ùu.

A”jR’, T‹Po PlTÙÆu Í•˚Vd LZt±l

˙TÙh”Æh”, YiQfNÙVj˚R A•j˙Ru Gufl

T‹Po PlTÙ˚Yd LÙi©jRÙu.

BaÙ, AZLÙ] ˘Tu£p PlTÙYÙL UÙ±ÆhP˙R

Gu\T• A˚R YÙe°d ˘LÙiPÙs Re˚L.

Al˙TÙ’ AlTÙ, Gi˘Qn TÙh•˚Xl TÙoj’, C’

Gu] Gufl ˙LhPÙo.

C’ ˙ReLÙn Gi˘Qn TÙh•p. Gi˘Qn

LÙ≠VÙ]’m Ád° G±V ˙YiPÙm. H˙R‡m NÙv

Ft±l ˘T¨V ’˚[ ˙TÙ”eL. CkR NÙv PlTÙ,

NÙlTÙh” ˙U˚Ndœl TVuT”m Gu\Ùu A°Xu.

C’ ˘N⁄l◊Lfidœl TÙ≠x ˙TÙ”m LÙ≠ PlTÙ.

Cßp vTÙg˚N Jh•, œi£ PlTÙYÙL UÙt±Æh˙Pu

Gu\‹Pu, „lTo I•VÙ, LXd°hP Gufl AlTÙ

TÙWÙh•]Ùo. ̆ LÙgNm ̇ VÙ£fNÙ, G˚RŸm TVuT”m

ÆRUÙ UÙt\XÙm G] ®Ï©f£hPÙ A°XÙ. ̆ Y¨œh,

Gufl AmUÙ‹m TÙWÙh•]Ùo.

Ri-Ωod œ”-̊ Y, E±g— œZp C˚Y °˚Pj-RÙp øe-Ls Gu] ˘Nn-≈o-Ls?

37

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˘Nkßp, ˘NpYu B°˙VÙo C⁄Y⁄m C˚Q©¨VÙR SiToLs. C⁄Y⁄m

Íu\Ùm Yœl©p T•j’d˘LÙi•⁄kRÙoLs.

˘Nkßp ™L‹m SpX £flYu. EflßVÙ] EPp E˚PVYu. AYu Au\ÙP

˙Y˚XL˚[ J›eLÙLf ̆ NnYÙu. Ts∞dœm J›eLÙLl ̇ TÙYÙu. TÙPeL˚[

Su\ÙLd LY≤j’l T•lTÙu. T•l©¤m Æ˚[VÙh•¤m AYu ÿRpY]ÙL

Æ[e°]Ùu.

˘NpYu J›eLÙLl Ts∞dœl ˙TÙYßp˚X. AYu EPp ˘U≠kß⁄dœm.

T•l©p BoY™p˚X. ˚L´p °˚Pdœm LÙ˚Nd ˘LÙi” ˘R⁄Æp Ætœm

TiPeL˚[ A•dL• YÙe°j ßuTÙu. DdLs ˘UÙndœm TiPeL˚[

YÙe°j ßuTRÙp A•dL• AY‡dœd LÙnfNp Y⁄m.

J⁄SÙs ˘NpYu LÙnfNXÙp ’uTlThPÙu. ˙Ro‹ ˙SWUÙRXÙp AYu

Ts∞dœl ˙TÙL CVXÆp˚X. ˘Nkßp AY˚]l TÙodLf ˘Nu\Ùu.

LÙnfNXÙp ̇ NÙok’ ̇ TÙ´⁄kR ̆ NpYu Ru SiT˚] Au˙TÙ” YW˙Yt\Ùu.

˘Nkßp, ˘NpY≤u ®˚X˚Vd Li” Y⁄kß]Ùu. ˘NpY≤u RÙVÙo,

Y⁄ÿu LÙl˙TÙm

38

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39

""Rm©! ˙Ro‹ ˙SWjߤm CYu ClT•d LÙnfNXÙp ’uTlT”°\Ù˙]! Gu]

˘NnY’! CYu J›eLÙ] ˙SWjßp EQ‹ EiTßp˚X; ≈h•p J⁄

˙Y˚XŸm ˘NnYßp˚X; K•VÙ• Æ˚[VÙ”Y’m Cp˚X; ˘R⁄Æp Ætœm

TiPeL˚[ A•dL• YÙe°j ßu°\Ùu. AR]Ùp, ˙SÙ˚V Æ˚X ˘LÙ”j’

YÙe°d˘LÙiP’˙TÙX ClT•d LÙnfNXÙp ’uTlT”°\Ùu'' Gufl ·±d

LiΩo £kß]Ùo.

Al˙TÙ’ A˚\´p J⁄Yo C⁄ÿm J≠ ˙LhP’. ˘Nkßp AkR A˚\˚V

Gh•l TÙojRÙu. ˘NpY≤u RÙVÙo AY˚]l TÙoj’, Rm©! AYo ˘NpY≤u

Rk˚RVÙo. A•dL• ◊˚L©•dœm TZdLm E˚PVYo. AR]Ùp, Cl˙TÙ’

LÙN˙SÙVÙp ’u◊fl°\Ùo. AYo AlT•˘Vu\Ùp, CY‡m ClT•d

˘Lh”Æ”°\Ù˙]! Gu˚\dœjRÙu SpX ◊jß Y⁄˙UÙ? Gufl HdLj’Pu

·±]Ùo.

˘Nkßp, ˘NpY≤u Rk˚RVÙ⁄dœd LÙN˙SÙn GuT˚Rd ˙LhP’m

ß”d°hPÙu; ◊˚L©•jRÙp LÙN˙SÙn Y⁄UÙ, AmUÙ? Gufl ˘NpY≤u

Au˚]VÙ˚Wd ˙LhPÙu.

LÙN˙SÙn Uh”Uufl; ◊tfl˙SÙŸm Y⁄m. C˚RV±k’m ◊˚L©•dLl

TZ°VYoLs AR˚]d ˚LÆPÿ•VÙUp ˙SÙndœ B[Ù°u\]o. AR]Ùp,

˘NpY≤u Rk˚RVÙ⁄m CkR ®˚X´p C⁄d°\Ùo, Gufl AYu RÙVÙo

·±]Ùo. ClT•d ·±V˙TÙ’ AYo LiL∞p ˘TÙX˘TÙX˘Yufl LiΩo

£kßV’. Au˚]VÙ¨u ’uTj˚Rd Li” ™L‹m Y⁄kß]Ùu.

39

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U⁄k’ H˙R‡m NÙl©”Y’ Cp˚XVÙ Gufl ˘Nkßp ˙LhPÙu. U⁄k’

NÙl©”°\Ùo; F£Ÿm ˙TÙh”d ˘LÙs°\Ùo. ˙SÙn ÿt\ÙUp C⁄lTRÙp

Æ˚WÆp œQUÙ°Æ”YÙo Gufl U⁄j’Yo ·fl°\Ùo Gu\Ùo Au˚]VÙo.

˘Nkßp, SpX’ AmUÙ! C≤ AY⁄dœf N¨VÙ° Æ”m. ˘NpY‡m Su\ÙL

˙Yi”m. SÙu EQ‹ Ei‘m ˙SWm RÆW Ut\ ˙SWeL∞p ˘SÙfldœj æ≤

EiTßp˚X; SÙs˙RÙflm EPtT´t£Ÿm ˘Nn°˙\u. UÙ˚X´p

Æ˚[VÙ”°˙\u. Gu Rk˚RVÙo U⁄j’Y¨Pm A˚Zj’f ˘Nufl R”l◊

F£L˚[j ˙R˚YVÙ] ˙SWjßp ˙TÙPf ˘NnYÙo. GeLs œ”mTjßp VÙ⁄m

˙SÙVÙp T”lTßp˚X.

Y⁄ÿu LÙlT’ SpX’, Gufl ˘NpYu ·±]Ùu.

˘NpYu ˘Nkß≠u ˙Tf˚Nd ˙LhPÙu. Ru Au˚]VÙ¨u ’uT®˚X˚VŸm

EQokRÙu. AY]’ Es[m E⁄°V’. AY‡dœl ◊jß YkR’. "AmUÙ! C≤

SÙu RY\Ù] TZdLeL∞p D”TPUÙh˙Pu. ̆ R⁄Æp Ætœm ßuTiPeL˚[

YÙe°j ßu] UÙh˙Pu. J›eLÙL EPtT´t£ ˘Nn˙Yu. UÙ˚X´p

Æ˚[VÙ”˙Yu', Gufl Eflß ·±]Ùu. ˘NpY≤u EflߢUÙØ˚Vd ˙LhP

RÙVÙo U°rf£V˚PkRÙo. C⁄Y˚WŸm U]RÙW YÙrjß]Ùo.

40

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41

˘NVpTÙ”Ls

˘NpYu AmUÙ‹dœ A∞jR YÙdœflß Gu]? TÙPlTœß˚V YÙ£j’d

·fleLs.

˘TÙ⁄jRUÙ] Æ]Ùj˘RÙPo G›’eLs.

G.LÙ. :

˘Nkߤm ˘NpY‡m Íu\Ùm Yœl©p T•d°\ÙoLs (Gk-R)

˘Nkߤm ˘NpY‡m GkR Yœl©p T•d°\ÙoLs?

˘NpYu D ̆ UÙndœm ßuTiPeL˚[ YÙe°j ßuTÙu (GlT•lThP)

˘NpYu LÙnfNp YkRRÙp Ts∞dœf ˘NpXÆp˚X (Hu?)

˘NpY≤u AlTÙ LÙN ˙SÙVÙp AYßlThPÙo (Gu])

LÙN ˙SÙŸm ◊tfl˙SÙŸm ◊˚L©•lTRÙp HtT”°u\] (GR]Ùp?)

˘Nkßp UÙ˚X´p Tk’ Æ˚[VÙ”YÙu (Gu]?)

Yœl©p ÿRp UÙQY]ÙLf ˘Nkßp Æ[e°]Ùu (VÙo?)

N¨VÙ] ̆ RÙP˚W G›ß YÙd°Vj˚R ®˚\‹ ̆ NnŸeLs.

UÙXÙ ....................................... £¨jRÙs.

K˚P´p RiΩo ........................................................... K•V’

A¨£ ÿfldœ ................................................... C⁄kR’

LÆRÙ LÆ˚R˚V .......................................................... YÙ£jRÙs

LiQu ..................................... LiΩo Y•jRÙu.

(˘TÙX˘TÙX˘Y], U[U[˘Y], NXNX˘Y], LXLX˘Y],

˘UÙfl˘UÙfl˘Y])

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˘TÙ⁄jRUÙ] ̆ NÙp˚X G”j’ G›’eLs.

............................ ¡u Y˚X´p Æ›kR’.

............................ UÙ”Ls ◊p˚X ˙UnkR].

............................ UÙu Rl©V’.

............................ UdLs L˚XkR]o.

............................ ˘TÙ⁄s °˚PjR’.

............................ LÙLm T\kR’.

............................ TÙPp ÿ•kR’.

N, NÙ, £ Y¨˚N´p G›’eLs.

„¨Vu ˘NeLPp NÙWß

˙NYp ˙NÙR˚] ˘NÙkRm

£˚\ NÿjßWm —iQÙm◊

1. NÿjßWm 4. ............................ 7. ............................

2. ............................ 5. ............................ 8. ............................

3. ............................ 6. ............................ 9. ............................

®fljRt œ±¬”Ls C”eLs.

TÙjßUÙ ̇ NÆVo C⁄Y⁄m L˚R G›ßd˘LÙi•⁄kR]o.

—Y¨u ¡’ NÙQj˚R G±kR’ VÙo

I˙VÙ AmUÙ Gufl KX™hPÙu

ÿp˚X UXo GqY[‹ AZLÙL C⁄d°\’

Gu] ¡u ̇ T£VRÙ AßNVUÙL C⁄d°\˙R

·•V

TÙ•V

K•V

L˚WkR

˙R•V

YkR

’s∞V

.,!

; ?