:yfglo /fhkq · :yfglo /fhkq ... mtmp / ÷

jif{M )@, c+s M)! , ;+Vof M )!, lbl;gkf, 8f]6L, :yfgLo /fhkq, efu M)# ldltM @)&% >fj0f ! ut] d+unaf/

lbkfon l;nu9L gu/kflnsf, :yfgLo ;/sf/åf/f k|sflzt 66

lbkfon l;nu9L gu/kflnsf

:yfgLo /fhkq

efu #

:yfgLo ;/sf/

lbkfon l;nu9L gu/kflnsfsf] ;"rgf

lbkfon l;nu9L gu/kflnsfsf] gu/;efn] agfPsf] tn n]lvP adf]lhdsf] gLlt :yfgLo ;/sf/ ;~rfng

P]g, @)&$ sf] bkmf !)@ sf] pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd ;a{;fwf/0fsf] hfgsf/Lsf]nflu k|sfzg ul/Psf] 5 .

;Djt @)&% ;fnsf] gLlt g+= )!

cfly{s aif{ 2075÷076 sf]

gLlt, sfo{qmd tyf ah]^

t]>f] gu/ ;ef pb3f6g zqsf cWoIf Pj+ gu/k|d'v >L d~h' dnf;L Ho",

k|d'v cltly & g+= k|b]zsf d'Vo d+qL dfggLo lqnf]rg e§Ho",

lalzi6 cltly & g+= k|b]zsf ;f+;b dfggLo e/taxfb'/ v8\sfHo",

nufot pkl:yt ;Dk"0f{ dxfg'efjHo"x? .

xfd|f] b]z g]kfndf ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGq :yfkgf kZrft gof+ ;+lawfg lgdf{0f eO{ ;ljwfgsf] wf/f %^

df ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGq g]kfnsf] d"n ;+/rgf ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo tx u/L tLg txsf] x'g] Aoa:yf

ul/Psf] 5 / ;f]xL cg'?k lautsf] aL; jif{ kl5 :yfgLo txsf] lgjf{rg ;DkGg eO{ gu/sf] lgjf{lrt gu/

pk–k|d'vsf] x}l;otn] tkfO{x? ;dIf t]>f] gu/ ;efdf o; lbkfon l;nu9L gu/kflnsfsf] gLlt, sfo{qmd

/ ah]6 k|:t't ug{ kfpbf v';L nfu]sf] 5 / pkl:yt ;Dk"0f{ dxfg'efjx?nfO{ cfkm\gf] cd"No ;do k|bfg u/L

gu/ ;efsf] u/Ldf a9fO{ lbg' ePsf]df xflb{s wGoafb JoQm ug{ rfxfG5' .

o; t]>f] gu/ ;efdf lbkfon l;nu9L gu/kflnsfsf] gu/ pk–k|d'vsf] x}l;otn] cfufdL cf=j=@)&%.)&^

sf] cg'dflgt cfo, Joo tyf of]hgf Pj+ sfo{qmdx? ;DaGwL gLltx? ;lxt ;+lIfKt lalgof]hgsf] vfsf

k|:t't ug{ kfpbf cfkm"nfO{ uf}/jzfnL ;Dem]sf] 5' . o; dxTjk"0f{ 38Ldf ;j{k|yd /fi6«sf] lgDtL cfkm\gf]

Hofgsf] cfx'tL lbg] ;Dk"0f{ 1ft c1ft zlxbx?k|lt efjk"0f{ >¢f~hnL ck{0f ug{ rfxfG5' .

v08 PsM kl/ro / ;dLIff

!=!= k[i7e"dL M

;'b'/ klZrdf~rn ljsf; If]qsf] If]qLo ;b/d'sfd /x]sf] lbkfon l;nu9L gu/kflnsf If]q g]kfn Plss/0f

cl3s} ax'rlr{t If]q /x]sf] Oltxf;sf] cWoogn] k'li6 u/]sf] 5 . Oltxf;df rlr{t 8f]6L /fHosf] /fhwfgL

/x]sf] o; If]qdf ;Eotfsf] lasf; w]/} klxn] b]lv ePsf] lyof] . 8f]6L k|b]z tyf 8f]6L /fHosf] /fhwfgL /x]sf]

o; If]qdf lzIff ;Eotfsf] ljsf; eO{ o; /fHosf] k|efj klZrddf ef/tsf] s'dfp u8jfn tyf k"j{df

uf]/vf /fHo;Dd k/]sf] lyof] . Plss/0f k"j{ g} /fhwfgLsf] ?kdf /x]sf] o; If]qsf] Jofkf/ pQ/df ltAat

tyf klZrd, blIf0fdf ef/t;+u /x]sf] x'+bf o; If]qdf w]/} klxn] b]lvg} gu/sf] k|f?k :yfkgf ePsf] Oltxf;n]




k'li6 u/]sf]5 . q]tfo'uLg /fhf lblnkn] tk:of u/L :yfkgf ePsf] lbNk]Zj/ Pj+ pgs} gfdaf6 pQm If]qnfO{

lbkfon elg gfdfs/0f x'g'n] o; If]qdf ;Eotfsf] lasf; w]/} klxn] b]lvg} ePsf] xf] eGg] ljZjf; ug{ ;lsg]

cfwf/ /x]sf] 5 .

lautsf] If]qLo ;b/d"sfd /x]sf] lbkfon /fhk"/ / /f)ffsfn b]lv s)ff{nLjf/Lsf] ;Dk’’')f{ If]q tyf

sflnsf]^ h"Dnf ;d]t x]g]{ k|zf;lgs OsfO{ *f]^L uf}+*f ;d]t /x]sf] / k~rfotsfndf ;ftf}+ lasf; If]q

Pa+ *f]^L lhNnfsf] ;d]t ;b/d"sfd /x]sf] xfd|f] la/fzt vf]l;Psf] / xfd|f] cl:tTjdf cf+r cfO/x]sf]

s"/f xfdL *f]^Laf;L Pa+ gu/af;LnfO{ dx;"; eO{/x]sf] % . xfdLn] af]s]sf] &'nf] cfzf ;ft g+= k|b]zsf]

/fhwfgL xfd|} gu/ x"G% eGg] lyof] / c:yfoL /fhwfgL wgu(L tf]lsg"n] xfdLnfO{ ;/sf/n] ;f}t]nf]

Aoaxf/ u/]sf] h:tf] dx’;"; ePsf] % . xfdLn] dlxgf lbg;Dd cfGbf]ng u/ \of}+ t/ pknAwL xft kg{

;s]g, cfzf % ca k|b]z ;efn] l;+uf] kxf*dfly cGofo ug]{ %}g, xfdLnfO{ /fhwfgL gu/sf] afl;Gbf

agfO{ ;Dk')f{ ;ft g+= k|b]zsf] e'uf]n / hgtfnfO{ ;Ddfg ug]{% / lbkfonnfO{ /fhwfgL tf]Sg]% .

o; u/Ldfdo t]>f] gu/ ;efdf dfggLo d"Vo d+qLHo' xfd|} lhNnfsf] lgaf{lrt hgk|ltlglw eO{ d'Vod+qL

;d]t eO{ jxf+nfO{ k|d"’v cltyLsf] ?kdf kfO{ :jfut ug{ kfpbf xif{ laef]/ ePsf %f}+ . d ;Dk')f{

gu/af;Lsf tkm{af^ o; cf}krfl/s ;efdf pxf+nfO{ xflb{s awfO{ ;lxt sfo{sfnsf] ;kmntfsf]

z’"esfdgf ^qm\ofpg rfxG%’’" . cfzf % o; gu/nfO{ ;ft g+= k|b]zsf] /fhwfgL zx/sf ?kdf :yfkgf

ug{ jxf+n] ;Sbf] ;xof]u ug"{ x"g]% .

cfb/)fLo ;efWoIfHo'

lautsf lbgsf] :yfgLo lgsfo xfn cfP/ :yfgLo ;/sf/sf] x}l;otdf /x]sf] % . :yfgLo :jfoQ

zf;g P]g 2055 n] lgb]{lzt u/]sf] :yfgLo lgsfo ;lxt pQm lgsfo / P]g ;d]t vf/]h eO{ xfn

:yfgLo tx Pa+ :yfgLo ;/sf/sf ?kdf :yflkt eO{ lawflosL clwsf/ ;d]t xfdLn] kfPsf %f} /

:yfgLo ;/sf/ ;~rfng P]g 2074 ;+#Lo ;+;baf^ hf/L eO{ :yfgLo ;/sf/ pQm P]gaf^ lgb]{lzt

ePsf] oxf+x? ;a}nfO{ lalbt} % . :yfgLo txdf 16 aif{sf] nfdf] cGt/fn kl% xfdL hgk|ltlgwLx?

cfPsf %f}+ . xfdLx? ;a}n] at{dfg kl/alt{t ;Gbe{df :yfgLo ;/sf/ ;~rfng ug{] lasf;k|]dL, hgk|]dL,

hgk|ltlgwLsf] x}l;ot :yfkgf ug"{ Tolt ;xh %}g eg] xfd|f] Ifdtf lasf; ug"{ klg h?/L /x]sf] % .

xfdL l;ldt ;fwg ;|f]taf^ hgtfsf cl;ldt cfa:ostf k"/f ug"{ kg]{ ca:yfdf %f}+ . MONEY /

Mind ePsfx? o; gu/af^ lbgfg"lbg t/f+O{ tyf cGo zx/x?df knfog x"g" / o"jfx? lbgx" lab]lzg]

laifo xfd|f] nflu r"gf}lt /x]sf] % . hgtfsf] nufgL Pa+ lghL If]qsf] nufgL xfd|f] gu/df cToGt Go'g

/x]sf] %, h;sfsf/)f :yfgLo ;/sf/sf] PSnf] k|of;n] ul/g] lasf; afn"jfdf kfgL h:tf] eO{/x]sf]

xfd|f ;fd" %n{é /x]sf] % .

xfdLn] k|yd gu/ ;efaf^ k|To]s j*fdf Ps s/f]* cf& nfvsf b/n] j*f :t/Lo ah]^ lalgof]hg

u/]sf lyof}, pQm /sdaf^ xfdLn] j*fsf] ef}lts k'af{wf/ / dfgjLo lasf’’; nufot k|fyldstf qmddf

/x]sf] Ifdtf lasf; ;DaGwL lqmofsnfk / ul/aL #^fO{ /f]huf/L ;[hgf ug]{ vfnsf lqmofsnfk ;d]t

;~rfng ug"{ kg]{ ca:yf /x]sf] % eg] cfof]hgfsf] u")f:t/sfnflu klg xfdLn] Wofg lbg" kg]{ ca:yf

/x]sf] % . ;a} j*fx?df cfof]hgf tyf sfo{qmdx? ;dfg ?kn] cufl* a(\g ;s]sf %}gg\ xfd|f]

hjfkmb]lxtf k'/f ug{ j*f ;ldlt ultlzn /x]sf] % eGg] d}n a"em]sf] %" .

k|yd gu/ ;efaf^ laleGg % cf]^f laifout If]q k'af{wf/ lasf;, ;fdflhs lasf;, cfly{s lasf;,

jftfa/)f / lakt Aoa:yfkg, ;+:yfut lasf; / ;]jf k|afx Pa+ gS;f kf; ;lxt cGo u/L 92 cf]^f

gLltx? klg kfl/t u/]sf lyof}+ pQm gLltx? s"g} aflif{s ?kn] k"/f ul/g] / s"g} gLlt cfalws

lx;fan] sfof{Gjog ug]{ ca:yfdf xfdL %f}+, gLltx? xfd|f dfu{ bz{g x"g / o; t]>f] gu/ ;efn] klg

s]xL gLltx?df utaif{s} lg/Gt/tf / s]xL gLlt tyf sfo{qmd gf}nf ;d]t Nofpg] k|of; u/]sf] % .



;a} gLltnfO{ sfo{qmd / ah]^ ;+u ;dGjofTds lsl;dn] n}hfgsfnflu ;d]t d o; uf}/jdo ;efsf

;ef;bx?nfO{ cfu|x ug{ rfxfG%" .

8f]6Lsf] lbkfon l;nu9L If]qn] cfkm\gf] uf}/jzfnL Oltxf+; klxrfg u/fO :yflkt e}O;s]sf] sf/0f o;sf]

klxrfgsf] Oltxf;sf] lg/Gt/tfsf]nflu klg & g+= k|b]zsf] /fhwfgL lbkfon l;nu9L If]qd} x'g'k5{ eGg]

s'/fsf] dfunfO{ xfdL k|b]z ;/sf/ / k|fb]lzs ;f+;b ;dIf hf]8bf/ ?kdf dfu u/L /xg] 5f} .

xfdLn] ;xefuLtfTds gu/ ljsf; of]hgf th'{df k|s[of cjnDjg u/L a:tL tyf 6f]n / j8f:t/ x'b} cfPsf

of]hgf x?nfO{ s]Gb|Lo ;/sf/sf] dfu{ bz{g ;d]tnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL cf=a= @)&%.)&^ sf] gLlt, sfo{qmd /

gu/ ljsf; of]hgf th'{df ul/Psf] k|:t't ah]6 gLlt tyf sfo{qmdn] o; gu/kflnsfsf] ljsf;, pGglt /

k|ultsfnflu cfwf/ tof/ ug{] 5 eGg] s'/fdf d ljZj:t /x]sf] 5' .

!=@= rfn' cf=a=@)&$.)&% sf] gLlt tyf sfo{qmdsf] ;dLIff M

ldlt 2074 efb| 29 ut]sf lbg cfof]lht o; gu/kflnsfsf] k|yd gu/;efn] rfn" cf=a=2074.075

sf] cg"dflgt cfo Aoo laj/)f, of]hgf tyf sfo{qmdx? ;lxt gu/ lasf;sf gLltx? kfl/t u/]sf]

lyof], tt\kZrft kmfNu"’g 25 ut] bf]>f] ;dLIffTds gu/;ef cfof]hgf u/]sf lyof}+ k|yd gu/;ef

kl%sf] sl/a bz dlxgfsf] ;dodf xfdLn] s] slt pknAwL xf;Ln ug{ ;Sof}+ ;dLIffsf] r/)fdf xfdL

/x]sf %f}+ .

o; gu/kflnsfdf /x]sf ( cf]6f j8fsf sl/a ## xhf/ gful/snfO{ lasf; / ;'zf;g lbg' / lasf;df

gful/ssf] ;xeflutf a[l4 ug'{ xfd|f] lhDd]jf/L xf] . rfn' cf=a=df j8f:t/df ul/Psf] Ps s/f]8 cf7 nfvsf

b/sf] /sdsf] lalgof]hgn] j8f :t/df ef}lts tyf dfgaLo lasf;df s:tf] k|efj kf/]sf] 5 ;f] laifodf k"0f{

;dLIff xfdLn] lgs6 elaiodf ug]{ 5f}+, ;f] /sd ;lxt k|yd gu/ ;efn] lasf; sfo{sfnflu sl/j @! s/f]8

/sd a/fa/ xfdLn] lalgof]hg u/]sf lyof}+, ;f] sf] ;dLIff oxf+x?n] ug'{ ePs} xf]nf xfdL slt ;kmn 5f}+

hgtfn] d"Nof+sg ug]{5g . If]qut cfwf/df ul/Psf] ;dLIffnfO{ ;+lIfKtdf o;/L k|:t't ug{ rfxfG5' .

-s_ cfly{s lasf; M gu/sf afl;Gbfsf] ul/aL Go"lgs/0f ug'{ xfd|f] 7"nf] r'gf}lt /xbf /xb} klg xfdLn]

hgtfsf] hLjg:t/ p7fpgsfnflu k|wfgd+qL s[lif cfw'lgsLs/0f kl/of]hgsf] lg/Gt/tf :j?k t/sf/L

-l;/vf]nL;}g, sn]gf, 3f]Nt8f / s'dfnLsf]6_, ds} -åf/L / sn]gf_ ddkmnL -3f]Nt8f_ Pa+ ;'Gtnf -d5]Gtf]nf_

sf] u/L % :yfgdf ks]6 If]q agfO{ Toxf+sf ls;fgnfO{ cfTdlge{/ agfpg k|of; u/]sf 5f}+, kz'kfngsf]

dfWodaf6 gu/sf afl;GbfnfO{ /f]uuf/ k|bfg ug{ gu/sf w]/} :yfgdf kz'kfng ug]{ sfo{nfO{ kfyldstf lbO{

e}+;L, afv|f / s'v'/f kfngdf cg'bfg lbO{Psf] 5 . df;' Aoa;foLx?nfO{ cf}hf/, ;/;kmfO{ Pa+ lr:ofg ;fdfu|L

k|bfg ug]{ / cg'bfg lbg] sfo{ ul/Psf] 5 . dlxnf /f]huf/ k|a4{g ug{ j8f :t/df l;nfOs6fO{ tflnd tyf

gu/:t/df xf]lhof/L tflnd ;~rfng ul/Psf] 5 .

-v_ ;fdflhs If]q M gu/sf] ;fIf/tf b/ a9fpg ;a} j8fdf dlxnf ;fIf/tf sIff ;~rfng ul/Psf] 5,

laBfnosf] ;]jf ;'wf/ ug{ laBfnosf] cg'udg ;'k/La]If0f, lzIfssf] cGt/ laBfno e|d0f Pa+ ;fdflhs

;'wf/ afn ;+/If0f tyf ;/;kmfO{ ;DaGwL tflnd k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 . j8f g+ !, ^ / * nfO{ nlIft u/L

ax'If]qLo kf]if0f of]hgf, j8f g+ $, ^ / ( df afn ;+/If0f sfo{qmd, j8f g+= #, % / & df k"0f{ ;/;kmfO{

sfo{qmd nfu"u/L ;fdflhs lasf;sf] If]qnfO{ dfly p7fpg] k|of; u/LPsf] 5 eg] j8f g+= # sf] gu/ :jf:Yo

s]Gb|df aly{Ë ;]G6/sf]nflu rf/ sf]7f yk ul/Psf] 5 . gu/kflnsfnfO{ k"0f{ vf]ko'Qm gu/ o;} aif{sf] a}zfv

#) ut] 3f]if0ff ;d]t ul/Psf] lyof] eg] ;/;kmfO{nfO{ ;'b[9 ug{ yk Ps cf]6f 6«]S6/ / ;S;g 6}+s yk

ul/Psf] 5 / lkkNnf Pa+ lbkfon /fhk'/ If]qsf] ;/;kmfOsfnflu xKtfdf ^ lbg 6\ofS6/ $ hgf l:jk/

kl/rfng ul/Psf] 5, j8f g+= ^ df gu/kflnsfsf] cfkm\g} hldgdf l;nu9L If]qsf] kmf]x/ Aoa:yfkgsfnflu

8lDkË ;fO6 lgdf{0fsf] k|s[ofdf 5 .



-u_ k"af{wf/ lasf; If]q M gu/sf] lasf;df k"af{wf/ lasf;sfnflu ;a} j8fdf lalgof]hg ul/Psf] ah]6sf]

7"nf] lx:;f o;} If]qdf lalgof]hg ul/Psf] lyof] . gu/ If]qsf k"af{wf/ cGt{ut, lbkfondf /fwfs[i0f of]u

ejg, lkkNnf vfg]kfgL of]hgf, j8f g+=$ df kfs{ lgdf{0f, j8f ^ sf] lr;fkfgL If]qdf lkslgs :k6 lgdf{0f,

v'Nn]s ;8s, l;/vf]nL;}g ;8s, sn]gf ;8s, kf+s/L sf]O/]nL ;8s, wfdLufp+ k'Ggf ;8s, cf]dzflGt

ejg, j8f g+= % sf] /fwfs[i0f dlGb/, gjfb]a dlGb/, j8f g+= @ sf] 36fn dlGb/, d5]Gtf]nf laBfno ejg,

rf}vfg df=la=sf] laBfno ejgh:tf of]hgfx? rfn' cf=a=df dxTj /fVg] cfof]hgf /x]sf5g\ eg] wfld{s,

P]ltxf+l;s dxTjsf z}n]Zj/L dlGb/ kl/;/, lbNk]Zj/ d7, af;'wf/f, b'w]Zj/ / sf]6e}/adf dd{t ;Def/

;DaGwL lqmofsnfkx? ;~rfng ePsf 5g\ .

-3_ aftfa/0f tyf lakb\ Aoa:yfkg M aftfa/0f ;+/If0fdf rfn' cf=a=df jg ljsf; PsfO{ dfkm{t ;fd'bflos

ag lasf; sfo{qmd ;~rfng /x]sf] 5 eg] gu/ leqsf ;fd'bflos agdf a[Iff/f]k0f ul/Psf] 5 . bdsn,

PDa'n]G; ;]jfnfO{ ;'b[9 ul/Psf] 5 . gu/:t/Lo lakt Aoa:yfkg ;ldlt u7g eO{ u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf, g]kfnL

;]gf, g]kfn k|x/L / g]kfn /]8qm; ;f];fO6L ;+u ;dGjo a9fOPsf] 5 eg] gu/sf] cfkm\g} sfof{nodf lakb\

Aoa:yfkg ;fdu|L e08f/0fsf] Aoa:yf ul/Psf] hfgsf/L u/fpg rfxfG5f}+ .

-ª_ ;+:yfut lasf;, ;]jf k|afx / ;'zf;g M gu/kflnsfsf] ;+:yfut lasf;sf]nflu ;a} zfvf, PsfO{, ;lxt

;a} ;+u ;dGjo a9fOPsf] 5 . :jf:Yo ;]jfnfO{ ;'b[9 ug{ sd{rf/L yk ul/Psf] 5 . gu/ ;efu[xnfO{

cfsif{s agfpg] sfo{ k|f/De ul/Psf] 5 . gu/sfo{kflnsf sfof{nonfO{ ;'zf;gd'vL agfpg sfof{nodf

laB'lto xfhL/ / l;l;Sofd]/f h8fg ul/Psf] 5 . gu/af6 ul/g] cg'udg ;'k/La]If0f sfo{nfO{ ;'b[9 ul/Psf]

5 . gu/kflnsfsf] u'? of]hgf agfO{ sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ gu/sf] kfZj{lrq (Profile) klg o;} aif{ lgdf{0f

ug]{ u/L ;Demf}tf u/L sfo{ cufl8 a9fOPsf] 5 .

-r_ gu/ a; M gu/sf afl;GbfnfO{ oftfoftdf k/]sf] c;'lawfnfO{ Wofg /flv b'O{cf]6f gu/a; ;]jf

;~rfng ul/Psf] 5 / o;af6 ;a{;fwf/0fnfO{ :yfgLo oftfoftdf w]/} /fxt ePsf] xfdLn] dx;'; u/]sf 5f}+ .

-5_ Goflos ;ldlt M o; gu/kflnsfdf tLg ;b:oLo Goflos ;ldlt u7g ePsf] 5 eg] Goflos ;ldltdf

;fFw l;dfgf, n]gb]g, 3/]n'lx+;f, s'6lk6, c+za08f h:tf d'2f cfPsf 5g\ eg] cfPsf ;a} d'2fsf] () k|ltzt

hlt d'2fx? ;dodf g} ldnfkq Pa+ lsgf/f x'g] ;d]t hfgsf/L ug{ rfxfG5' .

cfb/0fLo ;efWoIfHo"

gu/ ljsf; ;/sf/L k|of;n] dfq ;Dej gx'g] s'/f xfd|f ;fd' 5n{ª /x]sf] 5 . ah]6 vr{ tyf ah]6 pknAw

u/fpg] s'/fnfO{ x]bf{ o; gu/df aiff}{ b]vL s/f]8f} ?k}of ;/sf/L, u}/ ;/sf/L If]qaf6 lalgof]lht Pj+ vr{ e}

g} /x]sf] 5, tyflk oxfsf] ef}lts cfly{s tyf dfgaLo lasf;sf] l:ylt cGoqsf gu/kflnsfsf] t'ngfdf

sdhf]/ /x]sf] b]lvG5 . pkef]Qmf ;ldlt Pj lgdf0f{ Joa;foaf6 gu/ If]qsf cfof]hgfx?sf] lgdf{0fdf cf–

cfkm\gf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ub}{ cfPsf]df cfof]hgfsf] u'0f:t/df ;d]t Wofg lbg cg'/f]w ub{5' . cfof]hgf lgdf0f{

sfo{ kZrft To;sf] lbuf]kgsf]nflu pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf] e"ldsf k|efjsf/L x'g g;s]sf] oyf{y xfd|f ;fd'

laBdfg /x]sf] 5 . gu/sf 7"nf cfof]hgfx?sf] 5gf}6 Pj+ sfof{Gjg klg k|efjsf/L gePsf] sf/0f sdhf]/

u'0f:t/sf] sfd Pj+ ah]6 tyf sfo{qmd cg'?k sfo{ x'g g;Sbf lasf;n] ;dfhdf ;sf/fTds kl/jt{g u/L

;j{;fwf/0fsf] hghLjgdf pNn]Vo k|efj kfg{ ;s]sf] 5}g .

gu/nfO{ ;Eo, cfs{if0f, e|i6frf/ clgoldtf / 9Lnf;':tL /lxt ;'lawf ;DkGg agfpg o; ;efdf pkl:yt

k|ltlgwL, /fhg}lts bn, pkef]Qmf ;ldlt, gfu/Ls ;dfh, kqsf/, dlxnf, blnt, ckfª\u, hghftL a'4LhLaL,

lzIfs, ;dfh;]jL, sd{rf/L, gu/ P+j lhNNffaf;L ;a}sf] st{Jo xf] . lautsf /fd|f g/fd|f s'/fsf] ;dLIff ub}

cfufdL lbgdf s;/L /fd|f] ug{ ;lsG5 elg s]xL nlIft sfo{s|d, gLlt tyf of]hgf th'{df ub}{ cuf8L a9\g'

kg]{ cfaZostfsf sf/0f gu/;efn] s]xL nlIft sfo{s|d tyf gLltx?nfO{ lgDgfg';f/ cufl8 ;f/]sf] 5 .



v08 b'O{ M cfly{s aif{ @)&%.)&^ sf] gLlt, sfo{qmd tyf ah]6

@=!=!= ;f]r M gu/If]qdf s[lif, kz'kfng, k"jf{wf/ lasf;, hl8a'6L, hn;|f]t / ko{6sLo If]qsf] plrt

Aoa:yfkg Pa+ lasf; u/L ;d[4 gu/ agfpg] .

@=!=@= nIo M ;a} s[lif of]Uo hldgsf] pkof]u ug]{, kz'kfngnfO{ Aoa;flos agfpg], ko{6sLo If]qsf] ;+/If0f

/ Aoa:yfkg ug]{, ;dfa]zL lasf;df hf]8 lbg], pBdlzntfsf] lasf; ug]{ Pa+ ef}lts k"af{wf/sf]

lasf; u/L ul/aL 36fpg] .

@=!=#= p2]Zo M -s_ u'0f:t/Lo, lbuf] ef}lts k"jf{wf/sf] lasf;,

v_ afnd}qL, dlxnf d}qL / ;dfa]zL gu/sf] lasf;,

u_ k'0f{;/;kmfO{ o'Qm, aftfa/0f d}qL gu/kflnsf lgdf{0f .

@=!=$= ck]lIft pknAwL M gu/sf d'Vo ahf/ If]qx? cfs{ifs / ;'lawfo'Qm x'g]5g\, ;a} u|fdL0f a:tLx?df

lah'nL, vfg]kfgL ;8s ;'lawf k'Ug]5 . laBfno pd]/ ;d"xsf ;a} afnaflnsf laBfnodf /xg]5g\,

gu/df Pp6f ;dfa]zL kfs{ lgdf{0f x'g]5, wfdL{s ko{6sLo If]qsf] ;+/If0f x'g]5, gu/df /f]huf/Lsf]

;[hgf eO{ ul/aL 36\g]5 .

@=@= aflif{s ah]6 tyf sfo{qmd th'{df ubf{ canDag ul/Psf k|d'v gLlt tyf cfwf/x?M

@=@=!= ;du| gLlt tyf cfwf/x?

lbkfon l;nu9L gu/kflnsfn] cfufdL gLlt, sfo{qmd / ah]6 th'{df ubf{ lnOPsf ;du| gLlt tyf

sfo{qmdnfO{ o; k|sf/ k|:t't ug{ rfxfG5' .

;efWoIf dxf]bo,

lbkfon l;nu9L gu/kflnsfsf] cfly{s jif{ @)&%.)&^ sf] aflif{s gu/ ljsf; of]hgf th'{df ubf{ :yfgLo

txn] of]hgf th'{df ubf{ cjnDjg ug{] k|lqmof k"/f u/L cfPsf gu/jf;Lx?sf dfux?nfO{ gu/kflnsfsf]

;|f]t / ;fwgn] EofP ;Dd oyf;Dea ;d]6g] k|oTg u/]sf 5f} . of]hgf th'{df ubf{ g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg @)&@

sf] cg';'rL * df Jo:yf ul/Psf :yfgLo txsf Psn clwsf/ / cg';'rL ( df Joj:yf u/LPsf ;femf

clwsf/, :yfgLo ;/sf/ ;~rfng P]g @)&$ df ul/Psf] Joj:yf, ;+3Lo ;/sf/ Pa+ k|b]z ;/sf/ / /fli6«o

of]hgf cfof]uaf6 k|fKt dfu{ lgb]{zgnfO{ k"0f{tM kfngf ub}{ of]hgf th'{df ul/Psf] 5 . o;sf ;fy} gu/

ljsf; of]hgf lgdf{0fsfnflu j8f ;ldltx?, ljleGg nlIft ;d"xx? /fhg}lts bnx?, laifout zfvfx?

laifout ;ldltx? tyf u}/ ;/sf/L ;+3 ;+:yf, gfu/Ls ;dfh, a'l¢lhjL ju{ nufotaf6 k|fKt ;'emfj P+j

j8f:t/Lo e]nfaf6 cfPsf] k|fyldsLs/0fsf cfwf/df gu/sfo{kflnsf a}7saf6 l;kmfl/; eO{ cfPsf

of]hgfx?nfO{ gu/ ;efdf k]z ul/Psf] 5 .

/fh:jsf b/x?sf ;Dawdf s/ ;]jf z'Ns tyf b:t'/nfO{ @)&$ sf] k|yd gu/ ;efaf6 kfl/t ePsf] b/ /

bfo/fdf s]xL x]/km]/ u/L kfl/t ul/g] gLlt canDag ul/Psf] 5 .

aflif{s gLlt, sfo{qmd tyf ah]6 tof/ ubf{ lnOPsf cfwf/x? M

g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] cg';"lr * / ( n] lglb{i6 u/]sf :yfgLo txsf] Psn tyf ;femf clwsf/x?,

df}lns xsx?, /fHosf] lgb]{zs l;¢fGt / gLltx?,

;+l3o ;/sf/n] c+lusf/ u/]sf] rf}wf}+ cfjlws of]hgfn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] nIo gLlt tyf k|yldstfx?,

;+l3o ;/sf/n] c+lusf/ u/]sf cfly{s tyf ljlQo gLltx?,



;+3Lo ;/sf/ Pa+ k|fb]lzs ;/sf/af6 k|fKt ah]6 l;lnË / ;f]sf] ;fydf k|fKt ah]6 th'{df ubf{ lng'

kg{] cfwf/x?,

;xeflutfd"ns of]hgf th'{df k|lqmof dfkm{t k|fKt ;'emfjx?,

/fh:j k/fdz{ ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bg,

ljut jif{x?df ;DkGg ePsf gu/ kl/ifb Pa+ gu/ ;efsf a}7sx?af6 ePsf lg0f{ox?,

gu/ sfo{kflnsfn] of]hgf th'{dfsfnflu lg0f{o u/L tf]s]sf cfwf/x?,

:yfgLo txsf] aflif{s of]hgf tyf ah]6 th'{df lbUb{zg, @)&$ -kl/dflh{t_,

:yfgLo ;/sf/ ;~rfng P]g @)&$ df tf]lsPsf :yfgLo txsf clwsf/x? .

@=@=@= If]qut gLlt tyf cfwf/x? M

s= cfly{s lasf; M gu/sf afl;GbfnfO{ cfocfh{gsf s[ofsnfkx?df cfTd lge{/ agfO{ /f]huf/ ;[hgf ug]{

sfo{nfO{ k|fyldstf lbg cfa:os 5, zx/L ;'lawf a[l4 u/L cfsif{s gu/ agfpg / t/fO{lt/

a;fO;/fO{sf] qmdnfO{ /f]Sg cfhsf] cfa:ostf /x]sf] dx;'; xfdLnfO{ ePsf] 5 . To;}n] ahf/ Aoa;fo,

s[lif, kz'kfng, kmnkm"n, s'v'/fkfng Pa+ ks]6 If]q, l;k lasf; tflnd, pGgt ;xsf/L, l;+rfO{ / Ps

ufp+ Ps pTkfbgsf] sfo{qmd cfa:os /x]sf] 5 . To;}n] cfly{s lasf;sf]nflu cfa:os kg]{ /sd

lalgof]hg ug]{ u/L lgDg adf]lhdsf gLlt clVtof/ ul/Psf] 5 .

Ps j8f Ps s[lif pTkfbg ks]6 If]q sfo{sf] cawf/0fnfO{ cuf8L a9fO{ s[ifsx?nfO{ cfTdlge{/tf

tkm{ pGd'v u/fOg]5 .

:yfgL:t/df /f]huf/L clea[l4 ug{ cGo ;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L lgsfox? ;+usf] ;fem]bf/Ldf

laleGg lsl;dsf ;Lkd"ns tflnd sfo{s|d ;~rfng ul/g]5 .

ko{6g lasf;nfO{ a9f]Q/L ug{ vKt8sf] k|a]zåf/ l;nu9L / z}n]Zj/L If]qdf cfa:os k'af{wf/

lasf; / lemu|fgf ;8s :t/f]GgtL tyf åf/LIf]qdf cfsif{0f a9fpg kmf]6f] :k6sf]nflu b'w]Zj/ /

sf]6e}/a hf]8\g] emf]n'+u] k'n agfOg]5 eg] j8f g+=$ df ;dfa]zL kfs{ Pa+ ;]tL gbLdf /\ofkm\l6ª

rnfpg kxn ul/g]5 / lghL If]q;+usf] ;fem]bf/L a9fOg]5 .

gu/kflnsfsf] cfGt/Ls ;f]t clea[l4sfnflu s/sf gof+ ;|f]tx?sf] klxrfg u/L /fh:j clea[l4

ug{sfnflu yk cWoog ug'{sf ;fy} s/ ;+sngsfnflu o; gu/;+u ;DalGwt ;+3 ;+:yfx? ;+u

;xsfo{ tyf /fh:j ;fem]bf/Lsf] gLlt canDag ul/g]5 .

ko{6sLo If]q vKt8sf] km]bdf /x]sf] aun]s If]qdf xf]d:6] nufot gofF xf]6n nhx? ;~rfngdf

;xof]u ug'{sf ;fy} ;8s k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f sfo{sfnflu cfaZos ;xof]u pknAw u/fOg]5 .

;DalGwt lgsfPsf] ;xof]u tyf ;xsfo{ ;lxt k|To]s dlxgf ahf/ cg'udg ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfOg]5.

gu/jf;Lsf] ;'lawfnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL o;} cf=a= leq ;~rfng ePsf] gu/ a;df b'O{cf]6f a; yk

u/L ;]jf k|afx ;'rf? ul/g]5 .

ahf/df clgolGqt ?kdf k;n cuf8L /fv]sf xf]l8Ë af]8{ tyf km'6kfy k;nx?nfO{ x6fO ahf/nfO{

Joal:yt tyf ;kmf agfOg]5 .

lbkfon, 3f]Nt8f tyf s}n8f, O5fnL If]qdf ddkmnLsf] ks]6 If]q agfO{ ddkmnL pTkfbgsfnflu

ls;fgnfO{ k|f]T;fxg u/L cfaZos ;xof]u ul/g]5 .

o'jf Jo/f]huf/nfO{ sdug{ gu/sf ;Deflat If]qdf afv|fkfng, cfFkv]tL, s]/fv]tL, lnrLv]tL

sfo{s|d ;~rfng ug{ ls;fgnfO{ k|f];flxt ul/g]5 .

gu/kflnsfsf] j8f g+= ( cGt{ut aun]s If]qdf rLof, skmL, cn}+rL v]tLsf] ;DefAotf cWoog

u/Lg]5 .



;fd'bflos agsf ;b:ox?df pBdlzntf lasf; ug{sfnflu Ps jg Ps pTkfbg sfo{qmd

;~rfng ul/g] 5 ;fy} cNnf] k|zf]wg, l;:gf] kfp8/ pTkfbg ug]{ sfo{nfO{ k|fyldstf lbOg]5 .

-v_ ;fdflhs lasf; M ;fdflhs lasf; r]tgf, lzIff, ;dfa]zL lasf; h:tf s'/fx?nfO{ klg k|fyldstf

lbg cfa:os s'/f ePsf] dx;'; u/L pQm If]qsf] lasf;sfnflu Pyf]lrt ah]6 lalgof]hg u/L

lgDgf';f/sf gLltx?nfO{ k|fyldstf lbOg]5 .

afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;gnfO{ k|efjsf/L lsl;dn] nfu" ug{ afnd}qL ;DaGwL sfo{s|d ;+rfng ul/g]5.

gu/nfO{ afn>d lgif]lwt gu/ agfpg cfa:os ;a} k|s[of ckgfOg]5 / afn>lds s'g} klg

axfgfdf /fVg gkfpg] gLlt clVtof/ ul/g]5 .

;Dea eP;Dd ;a} al:tnfO{ ;d]6\g] u/L k|f/lDes afnlasf; s]Gb|sf] :yfkgf ul/g] 5 / ePsf

afnlasf; s]Gb|sf] u'0f:t/ ;'wf/df k|f]T;fxg ul/g] 5 .

gu/kflnsfsf] lgdf{0f ul/g] kfs{df afnd}qL, ckfËd}qL ;+/rgf lgdf0f{ ul/g] 5 .

snf, ;+:s[lt / ;flxTosf] hu]{gf ug]{ u/L e'jf, /gk'tnf, uf}/f, dflnsf k"hf, ufO{hfqf, nfv]gfr,

8f]nhfqf, lxn]hfqf, /f]kfOhfqf, x'8\s]nL, k~r]afhf h:tf wfdL{s, ;f+:s[lts, snf / ;flxlTos

s'/fsf] hu]{gf ug{ sfo{s|d agfO{g] 5 .

gu/kflnsfaf6 ;~rflnt gu/a; ;]jfdf cGo lghLIf]qsf ;jf/L ;fwg eGbf sd ef8fdf /x]sf]

lalbt} 5, tyfkL gu/ a;df cfjt hfjt ug]{ h]i7 gful/s, tyf ckf+u AolQm, laBfyL{,

hgcfGbf]ngsf 3fOt] ;d]tnfO{ lgodfg';f/sf] ef8fdf %) k|ltzt /sd ;x'lnot lbOg]5 .

afn>d Go"lgs/0f ub}{ nlu o;nfO{ lgd'{n kfg{ gu/ afn;~hfnnfO{ ;lqmo agfpb} laleGg

sfo{s|dx? ;+rfng ul/g'sf ;fy} afnlxt ;+/If0f tyf afn lasf;df plgx?sf] kx'+r tyf

;xeflutfsf] ;'lgZrttf ul/g]5 .

;fa{hlgs tyf ;fd'bflos laBfnosf] dd{t ;'wf/, kmlg{r/ tyf efl}ts lasf; ;DaGwL sfo{s|ddf

;xof]u k'¥ofpb} o:tf sfo{s|d ;+rfng ubf{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s]sf] dfkb08nfO{ k'0f{?kdf kfngf

ug{ pTk|]l/t ul/g]5 .

k"0f{ vf]ko'Qm gu/ 3f]if0ff kZrft o;sf] lg/Gt/tfsfnflu lhNnf :jf:Yo sfof{no Pa+ lhNnf

c:ktfn / gu/ :jf:Yo s]Gb| tyf :jf:Yo rf}sL;+usf] ;dGjo a9fpg] / gu/ If]qdf /x]sf] $ cf]6f

gu/ :jf:Yo s]Gb| / rf/ cf]6f :jf:Yo rf}sLnfO{ kl/rfng u/L dft[lzz' :jf:Yo Pa+ ;'gf}nf xhf/

lbgsf cfdf / lzz'sf] :jf:YonfO{ Wofg lbOg]5 .

v]ns'b lasf;sfnflu v]ns'b ;+u ;DalGwt ;+3 ;+:yfx? ;+usf] ;dGjo / ;xsfo{df gu/ :t/Lo

v]ns'b k|tLof]lutf ;+rfng ul/g]5 . ;fy} v]ns'b lasf; / sfo{s|d ;+rfngsfnflu lbkfonsf]

vKt8 /+uzfnf / l;nu9Lsf] 6'l8v]ndf cfa:os k'af{wf/ lgdf{0f ul/g] 5 .

gu/sf] elaio af]s]sf o'jfx?nfO{ ;[hgzLntf tkm{ pGd'v u/fpg b'Ao{;g hGo s'/fnfO{ Go"lgs/0f

ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/sf lgsfo ;+usf] ;dGjo a9fpg] / dlxnf lx+;f Go"lgs/0f ug{ cfa:os sfo{

ul/g]5 .

o; gu/kflnsf If]qdf dlb/f hGo kbfy{sf] lalqm lat/0fnfO{ Jojl:yt ug{ ;DalGwt lgsfo;+u

;dGjo u/L ;fa{hlgs :ynaf6 tf]lsPsf] b'/L / ;dodf dfq a]rlavg ug{ kfpg] Aoa:yfnfO{

s8fOsf ;fy nfu"ug{ cfa:os sfo{ ul/g]5 .

gu/df /x]sf] cfo'a]{b s]Gb|nfO{ k|efasf/L ;]jf k|jfx ug{ hl8a'l6 klxrfg sfo{s|d, k|fs[lts

lrlsT;f k4tL nufot cfo'a]{b cf}ifwL k|bfg sfo{s|dnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfOg]5 .

gu/kflnsfsf lakGg hgtfsf] :jf:Yo ;]jfdf u'0f:t/ a[l4 ug{ laz]if1 :jf:Yo lzla/ ;+rfng

ul/g]5 .



of]u u/f} :jf:Yo agf} eGg] gf/fsf ;fydf 3/3/df of]u k'¥ofpg] sfo{s|dsf] z'?jft ug]{ / pQm

sfo{ ;+rfng ug]{ ;DalGwt kIfnfO{ cfaZos ;xof]u ul/g]5 ;fy} kt~hnL of]u ejgnfO{ k"0f{tf

lbOg]5 .

gu/ If]qdf :jf:Yo s]Gb|nfO{ qmlds?kdf :t/f]Gglt ub}{ ;a} j8fdf aly{Ë ;]G6/ :yfkgf / ;~rfng

ul/g]5 .

lakGg k5f8L kfl/Psf AolQmx?sfnflu cfo cfh{g ;DaGwL ;Lkd"ns sfo{s|d -uf/d]G6, xf]hLof/L_

pBdzLntf lasf; ug]{ sfo{qmd ;lxt Ps j8f Ps pBdzLntf, b"Uw pTkfbg, t/sf/L kmnkm"n /

gub]afnL ks]6 If]q sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/g]5 .

dlxnfau{nfO{ ;/sf/L ;]jfdf pgLx?sf] ;xeflutf clea[l4sfnflu nf]s;]jf cfof]u k/LIff tof/L

sIff ;~rfng ul/g]5 .

hUuf gePsf ;8s lsgf/fdf /x]sf afbL ;d'bfonfO{ 3/jf;sf]nflu hUuf v/Lb u/L pgLx?sf] 3/

agfpgsfnflu hgtf cfj; sfo{s|d ;+u ;dGjo ul/g]5 .

gu/ If]qdf /x]sf lakGg Psn dlxnfx?sfnflu gu/ :t/Lo ;Lk tyf Ifdtf Pa+ cfly{s lasf;sf

sfo{s|d ;~rfng u/L pgLx?sf] cfly{s Pa+ ;fdflhs lasf;df Wofg lbO{g]5 .

gu/ If]qsf s]xL :yfgx?df cem} klg 5fpkl8 uf]7 cl:tTjdf /xL dlxnfsf] pk]Iff eO /x]sf]n]

;fdflhs r]tgf / kl/rfngsf dfWodaf6 To:tf] s'l/tLnfO{ x6fpg x/;Dej k|of; ul/g]5 .

;fdflhs kl/rfngsf dfWodaf6 ul/aL Go"gLs/0fsfnflu sfo{s|d ;+rfng ub}{ o; gu/df ;/sf/L

tyf u}/;/sf/L ;+3;+:yfx? aLr sfo{s|d ;+rfngdf ;dGjo, ;xsfo{ ul/g]5 ;fy} ul/aL lgjf/0f

sf]ifaf6 ;d'bfodf nufgL ug]{ ;+:yfx? ;+u ;dGjo a9fOg]5 .

o; gu/nfO{ cfufdL % aif{ leqdf s'kf]if0f d'Qm u/L kf]if0fo'Qm gu/ agfpg :jf:Yo, lzIff, s[lif,

kz';]jf, vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf / ;+:yfut ;'zf;gsf] If]qdf ax'If]qLo

kf]if0f of]hgfnfO{ pRr k|fydLstf lbO{ sfo{Gjogdf NofOg]5 .

gu/ If]q leqsf P]ltxfl;s tyf k'/ftflTjs dxTjsf If]qx? lbNk]Zj/ d7 sf]6e}/a, af;'wf/f, uf}/L

s'08, b'uf{b]aL kfs/L, tLvfu9L, z}n]Zj/L If]q, ;/:jtL:yfg, di6fdlGb/, dfnLsf dlGb/, /fwfs[0f

dlGb/ n8fu8fsf] ;''gfb]aL dlGb/ d5]Gtf]nfdf /x]sf] lzjsf] gfdn] k'sf/Lg] b"w]Zj/ u'kmf / j8f g+= !

sf] u'kmfsf] ;+/If0f tyf lasf;df hf]8 lbO{g]5 .

gu/sf] lg/If/tfnfO{ x6fpgsfnflu ;a} j8fdf dlxnf ;fIf/tf sfo{s|d lg/Gt/tf lbOg]5 .

clgjfo{ laBfno egf{ cleofg Pa+ JolQmut 36gf btf{ sfo{s|dnfO{ j8f Pa+ gu/df cleofgsf]

?kdf ;+rfng ul/g]5 .

;dfhdf /x]sf s'l/tL 5fpk8L, afnljjfx, 5'jf5't, 3/]n'lx+;f, afnb'Jo{axf/ h:tf s'/fnfO{

lg?T;flxt ug]{ sfo{s|d ;+rfng ul/g]5 .

gu/ If]qdf /x]sf] laBfyL{ ;+Vof Go"g/x]sf] laBfnox?nfO{ cfa:ostf cg';f/ ;dfof]hg u/L

laBfnosf] ;+Vof 36fO{ u'0f:t/Lo lzIff k|a4{g ug{ c+u]|hL dfWodsf] k9fO{ x'g] sfo{nfO{ k|fyldstf

lbO{ laBfnosf] u'0f:t/ ;'wf/ ul/g]5 .

8f]6L Sofdk;df k|flalws laifo cfO6L -BCA_ k9fO{ P+j s[lif -B.Sc.Ag_ laifosf] k9fO{sfnflu

cfaZos ;xof]u / ;dGjo ul/g]5 . lbkfon SofDk;df lzIff zf:q laifosf] k9fO{ ;+rfng ug{

cfjZos ef}lts k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0fsfnflu cfjZos ;dGjo / ;xof]u ul/g]5 .



-u_ k"jf{wf/ lasf; M gu/sf k|d'v k"af{wf/ lasf;sfnflu cfa:ostf cg'?k ah]6 lalgof]hg ul/g]5 . rfn'

cf=a= sf cw'/f cfof]hgfsf] lg/Gt/tf / gof+ cfa:os k"af{wf/ lgdf{0fnfO{ k|fyldstf lbOg]5 .

gu/ If]q leqsf ;8sx? lgoldt ?kdf dd{t ;Def/ ug{sfnflu cfjZos ;dk'/s sf]if, dd{t

;Def/ sf]if ;lxt k"af{wf/sf] :t/ a[l4sfnflu ah]6sf] Joj:yf ul/g]5 / alg;s]sf ;8sx?sf]

:t/f]GgtL ub}{ nlug]5 .

laif]zu/L zx/L If]]qdf ;8s lgdf0f{ ubf{ bfof+ afof+ kSsL gfnL ;lxtsf] sfnf]kqn] ;8s lgdf0f{

ul/g] sfo{nfO{ k|fyldstf lbOg]5 .

:yfgLo :t/df gof+ ;8s lgdf{0f ubf{ :yfgLo hUufwgLsf] ;xdlt / nuts§L eP kZrft dfq

/sd lalgof]hg ul/g]5 .

cf=j= @)&$.)&% df ;Demf}tf eO{ sfo{Gjogdf /x]sf of]hgfx?df sfnf]kq] tyf kSsL ;8s lgdf{0f

tyf dd{t sfo{df hg;xefuLtfsf ;fy} nfut ;fem]bf/Lsf] cg'kft *)M@) To:t} u/L u|fe]n df6f]

lkmlnª\u h:tf sfo{df &)M#) cg'kftdf /xg]5 ;f]xL Aoa:yfnfO{ cfufdL cf=a=df klg lg/Gt/tf

lbOg]5 . d]Nn]s lemu|fgf ;8s, l;nu9L kfs/L afnf;}g ;8s, ltvf ;8s, s'dflnsf]6 ;8s,

vftLj8f ;8snfO{ pRr k|fyldstf lbO{ :t/f]GgtL ub}{ nlug]5 .

gu/ oftfoft u'?of]hgf -MTMP_ tof/ kf/L ;f]sf] cfwf/df ;8s of]hgf tof/ Pj+ sfof{Gjog

ul/g]5 .

gu/of]hgf sfo{Gjog ubf{ of]hgfsf] ;Demf}tf tyf of]hgf km/kmf/s ubf{ pre-project / post

project photo sf] gLlt canDag ul/g]5 .

gu/kflnsf j8f sfo{no ejg gePsf j8fx?df qmdzM ejg lgdf{0f ug]{ u/L j8f sfo{nosf]

lgdf{0f sfo{nfO{ cufl8 a9fOg]5 .

j8f g+= $ sf] s'dfnLsf]6 ;fd'bflos agsf] ynf If]qdf / j8f g+= ^ sf] lr;fkfgLdf kfs{ lgdf0f{

ul/g]5 ;fy} afnaflnsf ckfª\u nufotsf] kx'+r k'Ug] u/L ;dfj]zL tkm{ kfs{ agfO{g]5 .

gu/df cfaZos /x]sf] vfg]kfgLsf] cfk"lt{nfO{ ;xh agfpg u}/fufp+ sf8fdf08f} l;nu9L vfg]kfgL

of]hgf xfn k|s[ofdf /x]sf] / ;f] of]hgfnfO{ ;~rfng ug{sfnflu cfaZos ;a} sfo{ ul/g]5 . kfgL

gePsf a:tLdf vfg]kfgL Pj+ ;/;kmfO{sf]nflu cGo ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfox?;+usf] ;xsfo{x?nfO{ klg

hf]8 lbOg]5 . e]n58f vfg]kfgLsf]nflu ;fon uf=kf=;+u ;dGjo ul/g]5 / hdLg d'lgsf] kfgLnfO{

af]l/+usf] dfWoaf6 tfGg] sfo{nfO{ ;Defagf cg';f/ cufl8 a9fOg]5 . tLvf, afkmL, n8fu8f,

ahuf+p, n]s7f6f, afu7f6f, u}/fufp+ h:tf a:tLx?df vfg]kfgLsf] cfk"lt{ ;xh kfg{ cfa:os k|of;

ul/g]5 .

gu/ leqsf ;8sx?df laleGg ;+3 ;+:yf tyf lgsfo Pj+ gu/ af;Laf6 cfkm\gf JolQmut tyf

;+:yfut sfo{ ubf{ lkr Pj+ lkl;l; ;8s÷af6f] eTsfPdf To;nfO{ Ps xKtf leqdf lkr tyf

lkl;l; ug]{u/L j8fsfof{nosf] cg'dtL lnP/ dfq sfo{ ug]{ k|lqmofsf] s8fOsf ;fy canDag ul/g]

5 . ;fy} cg'dtL lagf sfo{ ug]{nfO{ Ifltk"lt{ eg{ nufOg]5 . lah'nLalQ gk'u]sf ufp+ al:tnfO{ pRr

k|fyldstf lbOg]5 .

laif]zt 7"nf k"af{wf/ tkm{ k|b]z ;/sf/af6 cfpg] ah]6nfO{ nlIft ul/g]5 .



c= 3/ gS;f kf; M

gu/kflnsfdf ;/sf/L, u}/;/sf/L tyf gLlh 3/, ejg lgdf{0f ubf{ clgjfo{ ?kdf gS;f kf; ug'{

kg]{5 .

gofF aGg] 3/ tyf ejgx?df aiff{tsf] kfgL ;+sng -Rain Water Harvestung_ ug]{ sfo{ u/L

;/;kmfO{sf]nflu k|fyldstf lbg] gLlt canDag u/Lg] 5, ;fy} ;f}o{ phf{ k|lalw h8fg ug{sfnflu

k|f]T;fxg ul/g]5 .

lgdf{0fsf] s|ddf /x]sf] jf ca gof+ aGg] ejgx?nfO{ æPs3/ ax' la?jfÆ sf] gLlt canDag

ul/g]5 .

gu/kflnsfsf] If]qleq ca aGg] k|To]s ;fj{hlgs tyf ;/sf/L ejgnfO{ ckfª\u d}qL

agfpgsfnflu k|f]T;fxg ul/g]5 .

3/ gS;f kf; k|s[ofnfO{ s8fOsf;fy nfu" ul/g]5 .

3gf a:tL ePsf If]qdf 9n lgsf;sf] plrt Aoa:yfkgdf Wofg lbOg]5 .

-3_ jftfa/0f tyf ljkb Joj:yfkg M o;} aif{ b]lv lakt Aoa:yfkgsfnflu cfa:os ;ldlt / sf]if Pa+

;fdu|L Aoa:yf ul/Psf]] 5 lakb Aoa:yfkgsfnflu yk cfa:os sfo{ ;d]t ul/g]5 . pQm sfo{ ug{

lgDg gLlt clVtof/ul/ cfufdL cf=j=sf cfa:ostf cg'?k ah]6 lalgof]hg ul/g]5 .

gu/ If]q leqsf d'Vo ;8sx?sf] bfof+ afof+ xl/ofnL Pj+ ;f}Gbo{ a9fpg a[Iff/f]k0f Pj+ ;+/If0f ub}{

nlug]5 .

3/af6 lg:s]sf] h}ljs kmf]x/af6 h}las dn pTkfbg ug{ / g;8\g] kmf]x/sf] Joj:yfkgsfnflu

cfjZos kxn ul/g]5 .

gu/ If]qnfO{ v'nf lbzf d'Qm ul/;s]sf] / gu/sf clwsf+; 3/df k"0f{ ;/;kmfO{ k|a4g{ ug{sfnflu

;/;kmfO{ sf8{ lat/0f ul/Psf] / gk'u 3/df klg ;/;kmfO{ sf8{ k|bfg u/L k"0f{ ;/;kmfO{

cleofgnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbO{g]5 .

gu/kflnsfnfO{ k"0f{ ;/;kmfO{ o'Qm / laBfnonfO{ gd"gf ;/;kmfO{sf] laBfno sfodu/L aftfa/0f

d}qL ;kmf zx/ agfpg Post ODF cGt{utsf cfaZos sfo{s|d ;+rfng ul/g]5 . ;fy} d'Vo zx/L

If]q nufotsf laleGg :yfx?df ;fa{hlgs zf}rfno lgdf0f{df hf]8 lbO{ kfs{ / xl/ofnL a[l4 ug{

hf]8 lbOg]5 .

b}aL k|sf]kaf6 k|eflat JolQmx?nfO{ ;xof]usfnflu gu/df /x]sf] b}la k|sf]k p4f/ sf]ifdf /sdsf]

a9f]Q/L u/L sf]ifsf] kl/rfng ul/g]5 .

gu/ If]qdf zf}rfno ;kmf ug{ ;S;g6}+s klg o;} aif{ vl/b u/LPsf] 5 eg] gu/df ;/;kmfO{

k|j{4gdf ;xof]u k'¥ofOg]5 .

gu/If]q leqsf] ahf/ If]qdf /x]sf 3/, k;n, xf]6n cufl8 hyfefla kmf]x/ kmfNg]nfO{ kmf]x/

Aoa:yfkgsf]nflu hfgsf/L ul/g]5 / c6]/ u/L hyfefla kmf]x/ ug]{ nfO{ kmf]x/d}nf Aoa:yfkg P]g

adf]lhd sfaf{xL cufl8 a9fOg]5 .

;8s clts|d0f u/L lgdf{0f u/]sf 3/, 6x/fx? x6fpgsfnflu ;8s l;dfgfsf] k'glg{lwf{/0f u/L

x6fpg] sfo{nfO{ k|fyldstfsf ;fy cuf8L a9fOg]5 .



-ª_ ;+:yfut lasf; tyf ;]jf k|jfx / ;'zf;g M gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] sfof{nosf sd{rf/L, gu/sf

hgk|ltlgwL, gful/s ;dfh, lasf; ;fem]bf/, u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?, ;+usf] ;xsfo{ / ;dGjodf hf]8

lbOg]5 . pQm sfo{ ;~rfngsf]nflu cfa:os /sd lalgof]hg ul/g]5, ;fy} pQm sfo{ ug{ lgDg gLlt

/ sfo{qmd clVtof/ ul/Psf]5 .

;xeflutfTds of]hgf th'{df k4ltnfO{ ;jn agfpg j8f tx;Dd of]hgf th'{df ;DaGwL Ifdtf

clea[l4 ug]{ sfo{s|d ;+rfng ul/g]5 .

of]hgfsf] sfo{Gjog tyf Joj:yfkg k|0ffnL Jojl:yt agfpgsf]nflu pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf

kbflwsf/LnfO{ of]hgf sfo{Gjog k"j{ g} cfaZos tflnd k|bfg ul/g]5 .

laleGg nlIft au{x?sf] Ifdtfdf clea[l4sfnflu Ifdtf clea[l4 ;DaGwL sfo{s|d ;+rfng ul/g]5 .

;]jf k|jfxnfO{ u'0f:t/Lo tyf k|efasf/L agfpg gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] sfo{no tyf j8f

sfof{nox?nfO{ ;fwg ;DkGg u/fO{g]5 .

;fj{hlgs, k/LIf0f, ;fdfhLs k/LIf0f, ;fa{hgLs ;'g'jfO{ h:tf lqmofsnfkx?sf] dfWodaf6 ;'zf;g

/ kf/blz{tf clea[l4 ul/g]5 .

gu/kflnsf tyf j8f sfof{nox?af6 k|jfx ul/g] ;]jf cem Jojl:yt agfpgsfnflu sDKo"6l/s[t

:jrfnLt k4ltsf] canDag ub}{ nlug]5 .

gu/kflnsfdf sfo{/t sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug{ sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf cfwf/df k'/is[t ul/g]5 .

k|efasf/L ?kdf ;]jf k|jfx ug{ sd{rf/L tyf kbflwsf/Lx?sfnflu cfjZos Ifdtf lasf;sf

lqmofsnfkx? ;~rfng ul/g]5 .

gu/kflnsfsf] sfd sf/afxLnfO{ Jojl:yt agfpg l8hL6n ;"rgf k|0ffnL / l8lh6n xfhL/ k|0ffnL

-Digital Information System tyf Digtial Attendance Syatam_ nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbOg]5 .

gu/kflnsfsf] u'?of]hgf / kfZj{lrq -profile_ tof/ ug]{ sfo{nfO{ k|fyldstfsf ;fy cuf8L

a9fOg]5 .

gu/sf] ef}lts k"af{wf/df dxTj /fVg] 7"nf cfof]hgfsf]nflu la:t[t kl/of]hgf k|lta]bg -l8lkcf/_

tof/ kfg{ / cfa:ostf cg'?k aftfa/0fLo k|efj d"Nof+sg -EIA_ Pa+ k|f/lDes aftf/0fLo k/LIf0f

-IEE_ ug]{ sfo{nfO{ k|fyldstf lbOg]5 .

e|6frf/ la?4 z"Go ;xglzntfsf] gLltnfO{ clVtof/ ul/g]5 .

tf]lsPsf] ;do leq lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg gug]{, gu/kflnsfsf] lgb]{zgnfO{ c6]/ u/L lasf; sfo{df

k|lts"n k|efj kfg]{ lgdf{0f Aoa;foLnfO{ lgodfg';f/ sf/afxL ul/g]5 .

gu/;efaf6 kfl/t sfg"g tyf sfo{kflnsfaf6 l:js[t ul/Psf lgodfjnL, lgb]{lzsf tyf

lalgodnfO{ kfngf ug{sfnflu ;f] ;DaGwL hgk|ltlgwLx?sfnflu cled'lvs/0f sfo{qmd ;~rfng

ul/g]5 .

-r_ cGo lalaw gLltx? M

5f]6f] ;dodf a9L k|ltkmn / sd nufgLaf6 a9L eGbf a9L nfe k'¥ofpg] / clwstd

hg;xefuLtf x'g ;Sg] of]hgfnfO{ k|fyldstf lbOg] gLltnfO{ oyf{y / k|efasf/L agfOg]5 .

gu/sfo{kflnsfsf sd{rf/L, kbfwLsf/Lx?, /fhg}lts bn tyf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] Ifdtf lasf; tyf

gu/kflnsfsf] ;+:yfut lasf; sfo{nfO{ ;'b[9 ul/g]5 pQm sfo{sf]nflu Pnlhl;l8kL, u|fdL0f lasf;

k|lzIf0f s]Gb|, o'lg;]km, gu/ lasf; sf]if, ax'If]qLo kf]if0f of]hgf nufotsf sfo{qmd Pa+ cGo

;+3;+:yf Pj+ cGo ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;+u ;dGjo a9fOg]5 .

gu/sf] e"–pkof]u of]hgf -LandUse Paln_ agfO{ nfu" ul/g]5 .

sfo{noaf6 ;Dkfbg x'g] hgtfsf b}lgs sfo{x?nfO{ cem hgd'vL, l56f] 5l/tf] -r':t b'?:t_ kfg]{

k|of;sfnflu zfvfut sfo{ laefhg, sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{ laj/0fsf] kl/dfh{g u/L lhDd]jf/L a9fpg]

gLlt lnOg]5 .



Joj;fos/ c;'nL u/L cfGt/Ls cfo a9fpgsfnflu kxn ul/g]5 . ;fy} s/sf] k|ltkmn s/bftfn]

kfpg] Joj:yf canDag ul/g]5 .

gu/sf] If]qnfO{ pHofnf] agfpg a}slNks phf{sf] k|of]u cGtu{t j8f tyf a:tLdf ;f]nf/ alQsf]

sfo{s|dnfO{ qmdzM la:tf/ ul/g]5 .

lakGg ;d'bfosf] cfly{s lasf; x'g] vfnsf sfo{s|dnfO{ k|fyldstf lbOg]5 .

gu/sf lakGg Pa+ blnt a:tLdf hUufsf] cefj eO{ zf}rfno lgdf{0f ug{ g;s]sf a:tLdf hldgsf]

cfa:os Aoa:yfsfnflu ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfo Pa+ AolQm ;+u ;dGjo u/L ;fa{hlgs zf}rfnosf]

Aoa:yf ul/g]5 .

zf/Ll/s dfgl;s ?kn] :jf:Yo gu/jf;L tof/ u/L ;b\efao'Qm ;dfh lgdf0f{ ug{ kt~hnL of]u

;ldlt, cf]d zfGtL h:tf ;+:yfx?nfO{ ah]6 tyf sfo{s|d cGt{ut ;dfa]z ul/ ;Eo ;dfh

lgdf{0fdf cfjZos sfo{ k|f/De ul/g]5 .

gu/sf h]i7gfu/Lsx?nfO{ :jf:Yo lzla/ dfkm{t :jf:Yo pkrf/ ug]{ / kfl/jf/Ls Jojxf/ ;'wf/

;DaGwL lqmofsnfk Pa+ h]i7 gful/s ;Ddfg ug]{ lqmofsnfknfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbOg]5 ;fy} lakGg

Psn dlxnf cltlakGg kl/af/x?nfO{ cfocfh{gsf lqmofsnfkdf ;xeflu u/fO{g]5 .

PrcfOeL ;+qmldt AolQmsf]nflu lghx?nfO{ cfocfh{g / :jf:Yo pkrf/ ;DaGwL lqmofsnfknfO{

lg/Gt/tf lbOg]5 .

@=# d"Vo d"Vo cfof]hgf / lqmofsnfkx? M

o; gu/kflnsfsf]nflu d"Vo cfof]hgfx?df l;nu9L lemu|fgf ;8s, l;nu9L /ftf]nL kf+s/L x'b}

s]cfOl;+x uf=kf= hf]8\g] ;8s, ltvf vfg]kfgL, lbkfon ltvf ;8s, l;nu9L vfg]kfgL, l;/vf]nL;}g

3f]Nt8f emf]n' +é ] k"n, n])*lkmn ;fO^ / ynf, lr;fkfgL kfs{, ;]tL /\oflkm\̂ Ë, sf]^e}/a b'w]Zj/

kmf]^f]:k^ /x]sf %g\ eg] sfo{qmd Pa+ lqmofnsnfk tkm{ afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g, afn ;+/If)f

sfo{qmd, dlxnf lasf; sfo{qmd, s[lif tyf kz" lasf; sfo{qmd, ax"If]qLo kf]if)f, k')f{ ;/;kmfO{

sfo{qmd Pa+ gu/ u"?of]hgf cflb /x]sf %g\ . oL ;a} lqmofsnfkx?nfO{ cfufdL cf=a=df laz]if

k|fyldstf lbO{ cufl* a(fOg]% .

cfb/0fLo ;efWoIfHo",

ca d o; gu/kflnsfsf] cfufdL cf=a=sf] cg'dflgt cfo Aoo / ;|f]t Aoa:yfkg laifodf hfgsf/L

lbg rfxfG5' .

@=$= cg'dflgt cfo Aoo / ;|f]t Aoa:yfkg M

o; gu/kflnsfdf k|fKt ePsf] lgsf;f bft[ lgsfo Pj+ ;+:yfaf6 k|fKt x'g] ah]6 ;lxtaf6 o;

gu/kflnsfaf6 k|fKt rfn' cf=a=sf]nflu lgDgfg';f/sf] ;+lIfKt vfsf k|:t't ug]{ cg'dtL rfxfG5' .

o; gu/kflnsfsf] cfly{s aif{ @)&%.)&^ sfnflu s"n cfo ?=$^ s/f]8, ^% nfv, (! xhf/ /x]sf]5 .



cfo tkm{

qm=;+= lzif{s ;|f]t /sd ?=

! ;dflgs/0f cg'bfg ;+3 11,81,00,000.00

@ ;dfgLs/0f cg'bfg k|b]z 72,82,000.00

# /fhZj af+8kmfF8 ;+3 7,92,16,000.00

$ /fhZj af+8kmfF8 k|b]z 44,43,000.00

% cfGtl/s cfDbfgL g=kf= 1,33,46,000.00

^ /fhZj afF8kmf+8 dfnkf]t 10,00,000.00

& ;fdflhs ;'/Iff eQf ;+3 5,75,00,000.00

* ax'If]qLo kf]if0f o'lg;]km 16,04,000.00

( z;t{ cg'bfg ;+3 18,41,00,000.00

hDdf 46,65,91,000.00

Aoo tkm{

cfGtl/s cfo tkm{ !=kfbflwsf/L kfl/>lds nufot cGo

k|zf;lgs vr{

1,33,46,000.00

@= ;fdflhs ;'/Iff eQf tkm{ 5,75,00,000.00

#= ax'If]qLo kf]if0f tkm{ 16,04,000.00

$= laifout z;t{ cg'bfg tkm{ 18,41,00,000.00

/fhZj afF8kmf8 tkm{ %= sd{rf/L tna eQf nufotsf sfof{no

;~rfng ;DaGwL rfn' vr{

4,56,20,000.00

laifout zfvf tkm{ 28000000.00

;dk'/s sf]if 25,00,000.00

sfo{qmd tyf k|a{4gfTs lqmofsnfkx? 15,39,000.00

lalQo ;dfgLs/0f ;+3 / k|b]z gu/:t/Lo Pa+ j8f:t/Lo nufot cfof]hgf

sfo{qmd tyf k'FhLut vr{ tkm{

12,53,82,000.00

s'lrsf/, ;/;kmfO, d]l;gcf}hf/, ;fdflhs

;:yfMdd{t;+ef/

70,00,000.00

s'n hDdf 46,65,91,000.00



@=%= pk;+xf/M

cfb/0fLo pkl:yt dlxnf tyf ;Hhga[Gb Û

ah]6 tyf sfo{s|d th'{df ug]{ ;Gbe{df xfdLn] u/]sf] cfu|xnfO{ :jLsf/ u/L a}7s tyf 5nkmndf

pkl:yt eO{ pNn]vgLo ;xof]u ug'{ x'g] gu/sfo{kflnsfsf ;b:oHo"x?, laleGg ;ldltsf ;+of]hs

tyf ;b:oHo"x?nfO{ laz]if wGojfb lbg rfxG5' . cd"No ;do lbO{ kfNg'x'g] >4]o k|d'v cltyL

dfggLo d'Vo d+qLHo' k|tL xflb{s cfef/ JoQm ug{ rfxG5', ;fy} o; gu/ ;ef ;DkGg ug{ ;xof]u

ug{ cxf]/fq sfo{df vl6O{ ;xof]u ug'{ x'g] gu/kflnsfsf sfd{rf/LnfO{ wGoafb lbg rfxG5' . of]hgf

th'{df k|lqmofdf k|ToIf ck|ToIf ?kdf ;+nUg /xg' x'g] laifout zfvf k|d'v tyf k|ltlglwHo"x? Pj+

xfdLnfO{ /rgfTds ;'emfa / ;Nnfx lbgx'g] ;Dk"0f{ cfb/0fLo JolQmTjx? k|lt xflb{s wGojfb 1fkg

ug{ rfxG5' . xfd|f] lgdGq0ffnfO{ :jLsf/u/L kfNg' ePsf lalzi6 cltlyHo"x?, /fhg}lts bnsf

k|d'vHo"x?, ;Dk"0f{ ;'/Iff lgsfosf k|d'vHo"x?, kqsf/Ho"x?, ;/sf/L, lghL / u}/;/sf/L If]qsf

;xefuLx? gu/sf nAwk|ltli7t, lasf;k|]dL dxfg'efjx?, nufot gu/ afl;Gbfx? k|lt cfef/ tyf

wGojfb k|s6 ub{5' . k|:t't gLlt, sfo{qmd tyf ah]6 sfof{Gjogsf] lglDt oxf+x?af6 k|fKt x'g]

/rgfTds ;'emfanfO{ dfu{bz{sf] ?kdf lnP/ gu/kflnsf cufl8 a9\g] ljZjf; lbnfpb} o; t]>f]

ul/dfdo gu/;efsf] ;kmntfsf] z'esfdgf ;lxt oxf+x?sf] lg/Gt/ ;fy / ;xof]usf] ck]Iff ub}{

labf rfxfG5' .

wGojfb Û

lza/fh v8\sf

gu/ pkk|d'v

lbkfon l;nu9L gu/kflnsf

8f]6L

k|df0fLs/0f ldlt M@)&%.)#.#@ cf1fn]

ef]h/fh zdf{

lg= k|d'v k|zf;sLo clws[t

:yfglo /fhkq · :yfglo /fhkq ... mtmp / ÷

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