Year 9 Geography exam

Development

•the meaning of development: the generation and spread of wealth; political freedom; safety and security; well-being.

•development indicators: economic (GNP; employment by sector; energy consumption; export/import pattern); population (birth rate; death rate, infant mortality, life expectancy, urban-rural balance). Social (HDI, diet, healthcare and literacy)

You must know:

Development Definition

• Development is the progress of a country in terms of economic growth, the use of technology and human welfare.

Patterns of Development

What is the problem of this divide as a measure of development?

• Life expectancy• GNI per capita• GDP• Female adult literacy• Food intake per capita• Car ownership• Infant mortality rate• Birth rate• Death rate

List as social, economic, population

How do we measure development: Development Indicators

• GNI• GDP• GNP

Are all economic indicators- what are the problems of just using this type of indicator?

Exam question: what are the problems of just using economic indicators of development (3)

Evaluation of indicators

• The HDI measures the average achievements in a country in three basic dimensions of human development:

– A long and healthy life, as measured by LIFE EXPECTANCY at birth.

– Knowledge, as measured by the adult LITERACY rate (with two-thirds weight) and the combined primary, secondary, and tertiary GROSS ENROLLMENT RATION (with one-third weight).

– A decent standard of living, as measured by GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT (GDP) per capita at PURCHASING POWER PARITY (PPP) in $US.

Human Development Index (HDI)

Patterns of Development

Describe and explain the pattern shown on the map (6)

Underlying Causes of Unequal Development

• Climate • Geographical Location• Natural Resources• Government Stability and Corruption• Historical• TNCs• Food Shocks• Recession

Underlying Causes of Unequal Development

Underlying Causes of Unequal Development

• Overpopulation

• Brain Drain

• Diseases

• Access to Healthcare

• Erosion/Desertification/Deforestation

• Drought

• Water Shortages

Example of a question?

Why does Africa find it

hard to develop?

Poverty Cycle

The pattern of world trade: MEDCS v LEDCS:

• Identify two ways in which the situation could be improved in LEDCs and explain how this will help? (6)