1. TRNG I HC KHOA HC T NHIN KHOA CNG NGH THNG TIN B MN H THNG THNG TIN DNG TH HI IP - 0112040 PHAN TH XUN THO - 0112281 TM HIU V XY DNG DCH V THNG MI IN T KHA LUN C NHN TIN HC GIO VIN HNG DN Th.S LNG HN C NIN KHA 2001 2005

2. LI CM N Chng em xin chn thnh cm n Khoa Cng ngh Thng tin, trng i hc Khoa hc T nhin, i hc Quc gia Tp. H Ch Minh to iu kin thun li cho chng em hc tp v thc hin ti tt nghip ny. Chng em xin by t lng bit n su sc n thy Lng Hn C tn tnh hng dn, ch bo chng em trong qu trnh thc hin ti. Chng em xin chn thnh cm n qu Thy C trong Khoa Cng ngh Thng tin tn tnh ging dy, trang b cho em nhng kin thc qu bu trong nhng nm hc va qua. Chng con xin chn thnh cm n ng B, Cha M lun ng vin, ng h vt cht ln tinh thn trong sut thi gian qua. Chng em xin cm n s quan tm, gip v ng h ca anh ch, bn b trong qu trnh thc hin kha lun. Mc d c gng hon thnh kha lun trong phm vi v kh nng cho php nhng chc chn s khng trnh khi nhng thiu st. Chng em rt mong nhn c s thng cm, gp v tn tnh ch bo ca qu Thy C v cc bn. Tp. H Ch Minh, thng 06 nm 2005 Nhm sinh vin thc hin Dng Th Hi ip Phan Th Xun Tho 3. LI M U Hin nay, nh c k thut s, cuc sng con ngi c ci thin rt nhiu, nhanh hn v thun tin hn. Thng mi in t trn th gii ang c xu hng pht trin mnh. K thut s gip con ngi tit kim ng k cc chi ph nh chi ph vn chuyn trung gian, chi ph giao dch v c bit l gip tit kim thi gian con ngi c th u t vo cc hot ng khc. Do , li nhun con ngi kim c gia tng gp bi. Khng nhng th, thng mi in t cn gip con ngi c th tm kim t ng theo nhiu mc ch khc nhau, t ng cung cp thng tin theo nhu cu v s thch ca con ngi Gi y, con ngi c th ngi ti nh mua sm mi th theo mun. Nhng l do trn cho thy tn dng c li im do thng mi in t em li l mt th mnh pht trin nn kinh t t nc v ci thin i sng ngi dn. Trong khi thng mi in t ang pht trin rt mnh trong khu vc cng nh trn th gii th Vit Nam, hu ht cc doanh nghip vn quen vi np kinh doanh c b bn cng vic bn giy cng nh hng lot cc rng buc v th tc hnh chnh... Ngi tiu dng Vit Nam vn quen tp qun sinh hot ra ch hay n ca hng chn hng, mua hng, tr tin mt v mang hng v. Hn na, cc hnh ng v pht trin thng mi in t ca Vit Nam cn qu chm. Quan phn tch trn chng ta thy c s hn ch trong thng mi in t l mt trong nhng l do khin nn kinh t Vit Nam khng thc s pht trin mnh nh mt s nc khc. Chng em xy dng dch v thng mi in t ny nhm p ng tnh hnh thng mi in t Vit Nam. C th y cha l mt dch v hon chnh nhng vi nhng tng ban u ny hy vng chng em c th pht trin v hon thin hn trong tng lai c th p dng v em li nhng ngha thit thc. Rt mong s ng gp kin ca cc thy c chng em c thm kinh nghim cng nh c nhng tng hay trong dch v ca mnh. Chng em xin chn thnh cm n! 4. Ni dung ca Lun vn gm 10 chng : Chng 1. Tng quan: gii thiu vai tr ca thng mi in t v tnh hnh thng mi in t ti Vit Nam , nu ln nhu cu thc t v l do thc hin ti, ng thi gii thiu s lc v ti v mc tiu phi t c. Chng 2. Gii thiu v thng mi in t : trnh by mt s khi nim trong thng mi in t , phn loi thng mi in t , nu ln li ch v gii hn ca thng mi in t , v mt s vn cn lu khi tham gia vo thng mi in t . Chng 3. Mi quan h khch hng: so snh gi th trng v th trng in t , phn tch mi quan h khch hng , v phn phi cc dch v khc hng. Chng 4. M hnh thng mi in t B2B v B2C: gii thiu v m hnh B2B v B2C , phn tch chc nng ca ng dng xy dng theo 2 m hnh ny . Chng 5. Cc k thut lp trnh : gii thiu k thut lp trnh web v ASP.Net , cng ngh XML , cng c SQL Sever Full-Text Search . Chng 6. Gii thiu ng dng:m t ng dng thng mi in t SIU TH .COM , gii thiu cc chc nng s thc hin . Chng 7. Phn tch ng dng: trnh by cc s tun t ca mt s chc nng ni bt ca ng dng . Chng 8. Thit k ng dng : m t v c s d liu ca ng dng v trnh by s mn hnh trong ng dng. Chng 9. Cc k thut x l trong ng dng : trnh by cc k thut x l c dng trong cc chc nng chnh ca ng dng . Chng 10. Tng kt: tm li cc vn gii quyt v nu ra mt s hng pht trin trong tng lai. 5. 1 MC LC Chng 1. TNG QUAN................................................................................................1 1.1. Vai tr thng mi in t.....................................................................................1 1.2. Tnh hnh thng mi in t trn th gii v Vit Nam .....................................1 1.2.1. Th gii..........................................................................................................1 1.2.2. Vit Nam........................................................................................................1 1.3. L do thc hin ti ............................................................................................3 1.4. Mc tiu ra ........................................................................................................3 Chng 2. GII THIU V THNG MI IN T................................................4 2.1. Mt s nh ngha ..................................................................................................4 2.1.1. Thng mi in t........................................................................................4 2.1.2. Kinh doanh in t ........................................................................................4 2.1.3. M hnh thng mi in t ..........................................................................4 2.1.4. Th trng in t..........................................................................................5 2.1.5. Sn giao dch..................................................................................................5 2.1.6. Thanh tan in t .........................................................................................5 2.2. Phn loi thng mi in t.................................................................................6 2.2.1. Phn loi theo m hnh thng mi...............................................................6 2.2.2. Phn lai theo bn cht ca giao dch............................................................8 2.3. Li ch v gii hn...............................................................................................10 2.3.1. Li ch..........................................................................................................10 2.3.2. Gii hn .......................................................................................................14 2.4. Mt s vn cn lu khi tham gia vo thng mi in t............................16 2.4.1. Bo mt........................................................................................................16 2.4.2. X l t ng...............................................................................................16 2.4.3. Thanh tan in t .......................................................................................17 Chng 3. MI QUAN H KHCH HNG...............................................................18 3.1. So snh gia th trng v th trng in t......................................................18 3.1.1. Ging nhau...................................................................................................18 3.1.2. Khc nhau ....................................................................................................19 3.2. Mi quan h khch hng......................................................................................20 3.2.1. Qu trnh quyt nh mua hng ca khch hng..........................................21 3.2.2. Kt ni mt hng..........................................................................................21 3.3. Phn phi dch v khch hng.............................................................................22 3.3.1. Dch v in t ............................................................................................23 3.3.2. Chu trnh sng ca cc mt hng v dch v khch hng............................23 3.3.3. Qun l quan h vi khch hng..................................................................24 3.3.4. Cc chc nng ca dch v khch hng.......................................................24 3.3.5. Cc cng c h tr dch v khch hng.......................................................24 Chng 4. M HNH THNG MI IN T B2C V B2B.................................26 4.1. M hnh B2C .......................................................................................................26 4.1.1. M t hat ng...........................................................................................26 4.1.2. V d ............................................................................................................27 4.2. M hnh B2B .......................................................................................................29 6. 2 4.2.1. M t hat ng...........................................................................................29 4.2.2. V d ............................................................................................................30 4.3. Gii thiu ng dng thng mi in t - STORE FONT..................................30 4.3.1. B2C storefont...............................................................................................31 4.3.2. B2B storefont...............................................................................................32 Chng 5. CC K THUT LP TRNH ..................................................................33 5.1. Lp trnh web v ASP.NET.................................................................................33 5.1.1. Lp trnh web...............................................................................................33 5.1.2. Gii thiu v ASP.NET ...............................................................................36 5.2. XML.....................................................................................................................38 5.2.1. Khi nim v tnh nng................................................................................38 5.2.2. c im......................................................................................................38 5.2.3. Cc k thut .................................................................................................42 5.3. SQL Server Full Text Search...............................................................................44 5.3.1. Gii thiu .....................................................................................................44 5.3.2. Qu trnh thc hin Full-Text Search ..........................................................46 Chng 6. GII THIU NG DNG..........................................................................48 6.1. Pht biu bi tan.................................................................................................48 6.1.1. M t............................................................................................................48 6.1.2. Yu cu h thng .........................................................................................48 6.2. S s dng ......................................................................................................52 6.3. c t use case.....................................................................................................53 6.3.1. Danh sch use case ......................................................................................53 6.3.2. M t chi tit................................................................................................53 Chng 7. PHN TCH NG DNG..........................................................................65 7.1. Mua hng .............................................................................................................65 7.1.1. Cho hng vo gi.........................................................................................65 7.1.2. Thay i gi hng ........................................................................................66 7.2. Thm chng trnh khuyn mi...........................................................................67 7.3. Qung co mt hng ............................................................................................68 7.3.1. Bc 1..........................................................................................................68 7.3.2. Bc 2..........................................................................................................69 7.3.3. Bc 3..........................................................................................................71 Chng 8. THIT K NG DNG .............................................................................72 8.1. C s d liu _ EC...............................................................................................72 8.1.1. S ............................................................................................................72 8.1.2. M t............................................................................................................73 8.1.3. Rng buc ton vn......................................................................................74 8.1.4. Qui nh .......................................................................................................74 8.2. C s d liu Meta_ EC .....................................................................................76 8.2.1. S ............................................................................................................76 8.2.2. M t............................................................................................................77 8.3. C s d liu Search_EC.....................................................................................78 8.3.1. S ............................................................................................................78 8.3.2. M t............................................................................................................79 7. 3 Chng 9. CC K THUT X L TRONG NG DNG .....................................81 9.1. Chc nng tm kim.............................................................................................81 9.1.1. Nhn xt.......................................................................................................81 9.1.2. Hng gii quyt .........................................................................................81 9.1.3. Xy dng d liu tm kim..........................................................................81 9.1.4. Tin hnh xy dng chc nng tm kim.....................................................83 9.2. Chc nng khuyn mi ........................................................................................88 9.2.1. Nhn xt.......................................................................................................88 9.2.2. Hng gii quyt .........................................................................................88 9.3. Chc nng qung co mt hng...........................................................................97 9.3.1. Nhn xt.......................................................................................................97 9.3.2. X l ............................................................................................................98 Chng 10. TNG KT................................................................................................109 10.1. Kt lun..........................................................................................................109 10.1.1. V mt l thuyt.........................................................................................109 10.1.2. V mt ng dng........................................................................................109 10.2. Hng pht trin............................................................................................110 10.2.1. i vi cc dch v dnh cho khch hng.................................................110 10.2.2. i vi cc dch v dnh cho cng ty........................................................110 Ph lc A NG DNG SIEUTHI.COM ...................................................................111 A.1 Bc do u .....................................................................................................111 A.2 Cng ty qung co sn phm.............................................................................115 A.3 Cng ty ng k chng trnh khuyn mi ........................................................120 A.4 Tm kim............................................................................................................124 Ph lc B CHNG TRNH KT XUT D LIU...................................................126 Ph lc C CC VN KHC...................................................................................131 C.1 M t c s d liu EC ......................................................................................131 C.2 S dng XML trong ngn ng Csharp ..............................................................136 C.3 Mt s control trong ASP.Net ...........................................................................138 Ph lc D TI LIU THAM KHO .........................................................................143 8. 4 DANH SCH CC HNH Hnh 3.1 M hnh cc loi th trng...............................................................................19 Hnh 3.2 M hnh m t qu trnh mua hng .................................................................21 Hnh 4.1 M hnh B2C.......................................................................................................26 Hnh 4.2 M hnh B2B.......................................................................................................29 Hnh 5.1 M hnh gi nhn yu cu .................................................................................33 Hnh 5.2M hnh m t QT thng dch SCRIPT ENGINE ...........................................35 Hnh 5.3 M hnh m t cch s dng session ................................................................37 Hnh 5.4 M hnh m t mt XML well-formed.............................................................39 Hnh 5.5 M hnh DOM ....................................................................................................43 Hnh 5.6 M hnh Microsoft Serch...................................................................................45 Hnh 6.1 Lc use case.................................................................................................52 Hnh 7.1 Lc tun t m t QT cho hng vo gi...................................................65 Hnh 7.2 Lc tun t m t QT thay i gi hng..................................................66 Hnh 7.3 Lc tun t m t QT thm CTKM .........................................................67 Hnh 7.4 Lc tun t m t QT qung co mt hng..........................................68 Hnh 7.5 Lc tun t m t QT thm TT n tr....................................................69 Hnh 7.6 Lc tun t m t QT thm TT a gi tr................................................70 Hnh 7.7 Lc tun t m t QT thm CT qung co..............................................71 Hnh 8.1 S c s d liu EC.......................................................................................72 Hnh 8.2 Cu trc danh mc.............................................................................................75 Hnh 8.3 S c s d liu Meta_EC............................................................................76 Hnh 8.4 S c s d liu Search_EC .........................................................................78 Hnh 9.1 Mn hnh phiu thm d kin khch hng...................................................82 Hnh 9.2 S CSDL h tr CN tm kim......................................................................83 Hnh 9.3 MH m t QT thm tiu ch tm kim..............................................................84 Hnh 9.4 M hnh m t QT pht sinh phiu thm d ...................................................85 Hnh 9.5 M hnh m t QT XL tm kim ca h thng ................................................87 Hnh 9.6 S CSDL h tr CN khuyn mi.................................................................89 Hnh 9.7 M hnh kim tra chi tit KM hp l................................................................91 Hnh 9.8 M hnh m t phn tch chui DK thnh cy ................................................92 Hnh 9.9 Mn hnh them chng trnh khuyn mi......................................................94 Hnh 9.10 M hnh kim tra chi tit KM tho iu kin................................................96 Hnh 9.11 S CSDL EC h tr thm CTqung co-MH 9.1 ....................................98 Hnh 9.12 S CSDL Meta_EC h tr thm CTQC - MH 9.1...................................99 Hnh 9.13 S CSDL cho nh ngha TT - MH 9.1...................................................100 Hnh 9.14 M hnh m t QT nh ngha TT bt buc - MH 9.1..............................101 Hnh 9.15 M hnh m t QT nh ngha TT ngh - MH 9.1 .................................102 Hnh 9.16 M hnh m t cch to file XML chun - MH 9.1...................................105 Hnh 9.17 M hnh m t QT thm TT n gi tr - MH 9.1......................................106 Hnh 9.18 M hnh m t QT thm TT a gi tr - MH 9.1........................................107 9. 5 DANH SCH CC BNG Bng 6.1 Danh sch use case.............................................................................................53 Bng 6.2 Use case ng nhp ...........................................................................................53 Bng 6.3 Use case ng k l thnh vin mua hng .......................................................54 Bng 6.4 Use case xem danh mc hng ho ....................................................................55 Bng 6.5 Use case t mua hng......................................................................................56 Bng 6.6 Use case Tin hnh chng trnh khuyn mi ................................................57 Bng 6.7 Use case ng gp kin cho mt hng ..........................................................57 Bng 6.8 Use case ng k l thnh vin bn hng........................................................58 Bng 6.9 Use case Thm chng trnh qung co ..........................................................60 Bng 6.10 Use case Chnh sa chng trnh qung co.................................................61 Bng 6.11 Use case Xo chng trnh qung co ...........................................................62 Bng 6.12 Use case Tip nhn n t hng...................................................................62 Bng 6.13 Use case Thm chng trnh khuyn mi......................................................63 Bng 6.14 Use case Chnh sa chng trnh khuyn mi..............................................64 Bng 6.15 Xo chng trnh khuyn mi........................................................................64 Bng 8.1 C s d liu EC ................................................................................................73 Bng 8.2 C s d liu Meta_EC .....................................................................................77 Bng 8.3 C s d liu Search_EC ..................................................................................79 DANH SCH TI LIU XML Ti liu XML 5-1 Ti liu nh ngha theo DTD.............................................................40 Ti liu XML 5-2 Ti liu nh ngha theo Schema........................................................41 Ti liu XML 9-1 Cu trc tp tin lu iu kin khuyn mi cho mt chi tit KM...93 Ti liu XML 9-2 Cu trc tp tin lu hih thc khuyn mi cho mt chi tit KM....93 Ti liu XML 9-3 Cu trc tp tin lu cch ly d liu kim tra iu kin KM...95 Ti liu XML 9-4 Cu trc lu thuc tnh ca mt hng ............................................104 10. 6 DANH SCH WEBPAGE Trang ch..........................................................................................................................111 Trang n g k l thnh vin bn hng.........................................................................112 Trang ng nhp..............................................................................................................112 Trang qun l thng tin cng ty ....................................................................................113 Trang danh sch cng ty .................................................................................................114 Trang gii thiu cng ty ..................................................................................................114 Trang thm danh mc mi ............................................................................................115 Trang nh ngha d liu ca cng ty ...........................................................................116 Tramg ng k qung co cho sn phm......................................................................117 Trang danh sch mt hng .............................................................................................118 Trang thng tin chi tit v sn phm .............................................................................119 Trang nh gi sn phm ...............................................................................................119 Trang ng k chng trnh khuyn mi ......................................................................120 Trang thng tin chi tit ca chng trnh khuyn mi...............................................121 Trang ng k l thnh vin mua hng..........................................................................122 Tramg hin th ha n...................................................................................................123 Trang tm kim m rng.................................................................................................124 Trang thu thp kin khch hng.................................................................................125 DANH SCH FORM Mn hnh chnh................................................................................................................126 Mn hnh kt ni c s d liu .......................................................................................127 Mn hnh nhp m mt hng..........................................................................................127 Mn hnh thm thuc tnh n gi tr............................................................................128 Mn hnh nhp thuc tnh a gi tr..............................................................................129 11. Chng 1. TNG QUAN 1 Chng 1. TNG QUAN 1.1. Vai tr thng mi in t Tuy mi pht trin mnh m khong 10 nm qua, nhng Thng mi in t khng nh c v th v xu hng tt yu ca nn kinh t hin i. Trc sc cnh tranh mnh m trn phm vi ton cu, Internet v Thng mi in t m ra mt th trng khng bin gii khp ton cu, to cho cc doanh nghip nhiu c hi mi tip cn vi bn hng khp ni trn th gii. Thc s th trng kinh doanh in t to ra mt sn chi ni cc nh cung cp nh c th cnh tranh tt vi nhng cng ty ln. Tuy nhin, khng phi mi ngi bn u mun s bnh ng ca sn chi. Tham gia vo sn chi ny, cc nh cung cp nh c th tng c s lng mt hng nhng iu cng c ngha l h phi cnh tranh khc lit v mt gi c. 1.2. Tnh hnh thng mi in t trn th gii v Vit Nam 1.2.1. Th gii TMT hin vn ch yu c ng dng cc nc pht trin, trong ring M chim trn 50% tng doanh s TMT ton cu. S pht trin ca TMT gn lin vi s pht trin CNTT, da trn nn tng CNTT. Hai t chc APEC v ASEAN t c tha thun v cc nguyn tc ch o chung (ASEAN) v chng trnh hnh ng (APEC) v TMT. Ngy 24/11/2000, Th tng Chnh ph k Hip nh khung v e-ASEAN khng nh cam kt ca Vit Nam trong vic pht trin khng gian in t v TMT trong khun kh cc nc ASEAN. 1.2.2. Vit Nam Cc hnh ng v pht trin TMT ca Vit Nam cn qu chm: Cha c l trnh, cha c k hoch tng th cho vic trin khai v ng dng TMT Vit Nam. 12. Chng 1. TNG QUAN 2 Cha c mt t chc u mi tm quc gia c th iu hnh, ch o, gip chnh ph hoch nh cc chnh sch lin quan ti pht trin TMT. V nhn thc: Trong khi TMT ang pht trin rt mnh trong khu vc cng nh trn th gii th Vit Nam, hu ht cc doanh nghip vn quen vi np kinh doanh c b bn cng vic bn giy cng nh hng lot cc rng buc v th tc hnh chnh... Ngi tiu dng Vit Nam vn quen tp qun sinh hot ra ch hay n ca hng chn hng, mua hng, tr tin mt v mang hng v. Hin ch c khong 3% doanh nghip va v nh quan tm ti TMT. Trong s 56.000 doanh nghip va v nh th c ti 90% s doanh nghip khng c mt cht khi nim no v TMT. Rt him doanh nghip ch ng to website cho mnh m do s xc tin thc y ca cc nh cung cp dch v Internet. V c s h tng CNTT v nhn lc Hu ht cc doanh nghip kh tip thu c cng ngh mi, c bit c n 70% doanh nghip cha c my tnh. Doanh nghip lng tng trong vic tm kim thng tin, qung b hot ng kinh doanh trn Internet. Cc loi phn mm cao cp nh h h tr quyt nh, h qun l tng th him c bit n. Mt khc do cc nh cung cp dch v Internet quy m nh l nhng b my cng knh, qun l km, nng lc sn xut thp nn gi thnh sn xut ln, cc dch v a ra thc s cn qu cao so vi kh nng chi tr ca th trng v hiu qu a li. Thc trng v c ch chnh sch v c s h tng cng ngh quc gia Cc truy cp Internet cn cao, tc qu thp so vi cc nc trong khu vc. Nh nc cha c mt vn bn php l no v TMT nh cng nhn ch k in t, chng thc in t... 13. Chng 1. TNG QUAN 3 H thng thanh ton in t ca cc ngn hng cha pht trin p ng yu cu ca TMT. 1.3. L do thc hin ti Trong qu trnh hi nhp kinh t quc t, i hi cc doanh nghip phi nng cao trnh qun l, trnh kinh doanh v trnh ng dng khoa hc k thut. V vy, pht trin thng mi in t l vn cn c quan tm. Mun vy, chng ta cn phi nm r tnh hnh thng mi n t ca cc nc trn th gii. T , p dng sao cho ph hp vi tnh hnh tnh hnh kinh t Vit Nam. Trn c s , chng em quyt nh tm hiu l thuyt v thng mi in t v xy dng dch v SIU TH IN T ph hp tnh hnh trong nc. 1.4. Mc tiu ra V mt l thuyt: Nm c c s l thuyt chung v thng mi in t v cc vn trong thng mi in t. Tm hiu cc website thng mi ca th gii nm c cch thc hat ng v nhng yu cu cn thit i vi ng dng thng mi in t. V mt ng dng: Xy dng c s d liu p ng cho vic lu tr tt c cc loi mt hng. Da vo vic tm hiu tnh hnh thng mi in t ti Vit Nam, xy dng nn ng dng thch hp vi nn kinh t t nc, h tr tt cho cc doanh nghp cng nh khch hng. 14. Chng 2. GII THIU V THNG MI IN T 4 Chng 2. GII THIU V THNG MI IN T 2.1. Mt s nh ngha 2.1.1. Thng mi in t Thng mi in t (EC) l 1 t dng m t qu trnh mua, bn v trao i mt hng, dch v v thng tin thng qua mng my tnh bao gm c mng Internet. Thng mi c gi l thng mi in t hay khng l ty thuc vo mc s ha ca mt hng c bn, ca tin trnh, v ca cc i l phn phi. Nu c ti thiu 1 yu t l s ha, chng ta s xem l EC, nhng khng phi l thun EC. V d, mua sch t trang Amazon.com l khng phi l EC tan phn bi v sch c phn phi bi FedEx. Nhng vic mua sch thng qua trang Egghead.com l thun EC bi v vic phn phi, thanh tan tan b s ha. Hu ht EC c thc hin thng qua mng internet. Nhng EC cn c th tin hnh trn cc mng c nhn chng hn nh trn mng WAN, trn mng cc b v ngay c trn 1 my n.Chng hn, vic mua hng ha t my bn hng vi mt card thng minh c th xem nh l EC. 2.1.2. Kinh doanh in t Kinh doanh in t (Bussiness ecomerce) l mt nh ngha khi qut hn ca thng mi in t, n khng ch l s mua, bn hng ha, dch v m n cn l s phc v khch hng, hp tc gia cc i tc kinh doanh, v hng dn cc phin giao dch in t bn trong 1 t chc. 2.1.3. M hnh thng mi in t Mt m hnh thong mi l mt phng thc kinh doanh ca cng ty pht sinh ra li nhun duy tr cng ty. M hnh thng mi gii thch mt cng ty ng vai tr nh th no trong mt dy chuyn. Mt c im ln ca EC l n c th to ra cc m hnh thng mi mi. 15. Chng 2. GII THIU V THNG MI IN T 5 2.1.4. Th trng in t Th trng in t ang pht trin mt cch nhanh chng nh mt phng tin truyn b cch thc kinh doanh trc tuyn. N l mt mng li s tc ng qua li v cc mi quan h, m ni mt hng, thng tin, dch v v vic chi tr u c th trao i. 2.1.5. Sn giao dch Sn giao dch l mt loi c bit ca th trng in t. Gi c trong th trng c th c qui nh v gi c c th thay i cho ph thuc vo thi gian thc, lm cho ph hp gia yu cu v s cung cp.Th trng m kim sat c s i xng, gi l ni trao i v trong EC, n l trao i in t. Theo m hnh hiu qu nht ca EC, s i xng v nh gi c tin hnh theo thi gian thc chng hn cuc bn u gi hay trao i c phn. 2.1.6. Thanh tan in t Thanh ton in t (electronic payment) l vic thanh ton tin thng qua thng ip in t (electronic message) thay cho vic giao dch dng tin mt; v d, tr lng bng cch chuyn tin trc tip vo ti khon, tr tin mua hng bng th mua hng, th tn dng v.v... thc cht u l dng thanh ton in t. Ngy nay, vi s pht trin ca TMT, thanh ton in t m rng sang cc lnh vc mi l: Trao i d liu in t ti chnh (Financial Electronic Data Interchange, gi tt l FEDI) chuyn phc v cho vic thanh ton in t gia cc cng ty giao dch vi nhau bng in t. Tin mt Internet (Internet Cash) l tin mt c mua t mt ni pht hnh (ngn hng hoc mt t chc tn dng no ), sau c chuyn i t do sang cc ng tin khc thng qua Internet, p dng trong c phm vi mt nc cng nh gia cc quc gia; tt c u c thc hin bng k thut s ha, v th tin mt ny cn c tn gi l "tin mt s ha" (digital cash), c cng ngh c th chuyn phc v mc ch ny, m bo c mi yu cu ca ngi bn v ngi mua 16. Chng 2. GII THIU V THNG MI IN T 6 theo lut quc t. Tin mt Internet c ngi mua hng mua bng ng ni t, ri dng mng Internet chuyn cho ngi bn hng. Thanh ton bng tin Internet ang trn pht trin nhanh, n c u im ni bt sau: C th dng thanh ton nhng mn hng gi tr nh, thm ch ngay c tin mua bo (v ph giao dch mua hng v chuyn tin rt thp khng ng k) Khng i hi phi c mt quy ch c tha thun t trc, c th tin hnh gia hai ngi hoc hai cng ty bt k, cc thanh ton l v danh Tin mt nhn c m bo l tin tht, trnh c tin gi Ti tin in t (electronic purseb) cn gi l "v in t" l ni tin mt Internet, ch yu l th thng minh (smart card), cn gi l th gi tin (stored value card), tin c tr cho bt k ai c c th ; k thut ca ti tin in t tng t nh k thut p dng cho "tin mt Internet". Th thng minh, nhn b ngoi nh th tn dng, nhng mt sau ca th, thay cho di t l mt chp my tnh in t c mt b nh lu tr tin s ha, tin y ch c "chi tr" khi s dng hoc th yu cu (nh xc nhn thanh ton ha n) c xc thc l " ng". Giao dch ngn hng s ha (digital banking), giao dch chng khon s ha (digital securities trading) H thng thanh ton in t ca ngn hng l mt h thng ln gm cc phn h nh: (1) Thanh ton gia ngn hng vi khch hng qua in thoi, ti cc im bn l, cc kit, giao dch c nhn ti cc gia nh, giao dch ti tr s khch hng, giao dch qua Internet, chuyn tin in t, th tn dng, thng tin hi p (2) Thanh ton gia ngn hng vi cc i l thanh ton (nh hng, siu th) (3) Thanh ton ni b mt h thng ngn hng khc (4) Thanh ton gia h thng ngn hng ny vi h thng ngn hng khc 2.2. Phn loi thng mi in t 2.2.1. Phn loi theo m hnh thng mi 17. Chng 2. GII THIU V THNG MI IN T 7 a ra gi ca bn cn: M hnh kinh doanh ny cho php ngi mua a ra gi m ngi ng chi tr cho mt mt hng hay dch v no . Nhng trang hat ng theo m hnh ny: Priceline.com s c gng kt ni cc yu cu ca khch hng vi nh cung cp c mt hng hay dch v m gi ph hp vi gi khch hng a ra. V khch hng c th tr gi trc khi mua hng. Phn ln cc mt hng v dch v ca Priceline.com c lin quan n du lch chng hn nh v my bay, khch sn Ngai ra, ngi tiu dng c th s dng Priceline.com xc nh gi hng ha. Tm gi tt nht: Trong m hnh ny th khch hng cn xc nh r nhu cu ca mnh. Sau , cng ty s xc nh gi thp nht ca dch v v mt hng cn. Trang Hotwire.com s dng m hnh ny: khch hng ghi li thng tin cn ca h. Hotwire.com s i chiu cc thng tin ny vi thng tin trong c s d liu, xc nh gi thp nht v gi cho khch hng. Khch hng c 30 pht quyt nh chp nhn hc hy b yu cu. S mi gii: Trong m hnh ny, nh cung cp dch v s dng cch thc mi t ng ngh khch hng mua hng. Cc gi bn c a ra v chnh sa, xem xt mt cch t ng. Khch hng khng cn nhp vo bt c thng tin g. V d nh trang GetThere.com cung cp cc dch v v mt hng cho du lch. Chi nhnh tip th: y l mt t chc m ngi tip th (cc doanh nghip, cc t chc, hoc cc c nhn) hp tc vi cng ty chuyn khch hng n website ca cng ty t mua mt hng hay dch v. Chi nhnh tip th c nhn t 3 n 15 % tin hoa hng trn gi mt hng t mua. V d, trang Amazon.com c gn 500.000 chi nhnh, v ngay c trang cattoys.com ngh cc c nhn v t chc t logo ca mnh trn cc web lin kt n website t hng chung. Phn loi mua sm: EC to ra thm mt khi nim mi l tphp in t, ni ngi tham gia th 3 tm cc c nhn, hay cc cng ty kinh doanh nh v va, tp hp li cc n t hng, v qui ra thnh tin. Mt vi nh tp hp l: aphs.com, etrana.com. Khi tham gia vo m hnh ny, doanh nghip nh hoc l cc c nhn b gim i mt s tin. 18. Chng 2. GII THIU V THNG MI IN T 8 H thng ngh in t: Phn ln ngi mua d l cc nhn hay l tp th, lun lun mua hng ha thng qua h thng ngh. Hin nay, vic ngh c th thc hin trc tuyn gip tit kim thi gian v tin bc. Theo tp on General Electric, h thng ngh in t ngy cng ginh c s thu ht khch hng. Nhiu chnh sch ca cc i l ra l tt c cc vic mua bn t cc i l phi thng qua h thng ngh in t. Bn u gi trc tuyn: Ngoi trang web bn u gi trc tuyn ln nht ca th gii, eBay.com, th cn c hng trm trang web thc hin vic bn u gi trc tuyn nh Amazon.com, Yahoo.com. Sn xut theo yu cu khch hng v vic c nhn ha: Tht ra y khng phi l m hnh mi. iu mi ca m hnh ny l kh nng thc hin theo yu cu ca khch hng mt cch nhanh chng v nhng mt hng ch to theo yu cu khch hng c mc gi khng cao hn my so vi cc mt hng c ch to hng lot. Chng hn, cng ty my tnh Dell l mt v d.y l mt cng ty to ra cc mt hng theo yu cu ca tng khch hng. Th trng in t v sn giao dch : Th trng in t tn ti trong cc ng dng n l trong nhiu thp k nay. Nu th trng in t c t chc v qun l tt th ngi mua v c ngi bn s thu c mt ngun li rt ln. Mi th trng tp trung vo mt loi duy nht. Chng hn, trang e-teel.com ch chuyn v cng nghip thp, trang chemconnect.com ch chuyn vo cng nghip ha hc. Cung cp dy chuyn ngi ci tin : Mt trong phn ln vic xy dng EC l vic to mi cc m hnh ci tin vic cung cp dy chuyn qun l. 2.2.2. Phn lai theo bn cht ca giao dch Doanh nghip n doanh nghip (B2B): Tt c thnh vin trong loi ny l doanh nghip hoc l cc t chc khc. Ngy nay, hu ht EC l B2B. Giao dch theo B2B bao gm giao dch IOS v giao dch thng mi in t gia cc t chc. Doanh nghip n ngi tiu dng (B2C): Nhng giao dch ny bao gm giao dch bn l vi cc c nhn. Loi hnh ny ph bin ti trang Amazon.com. Loi thng mi ny gi l bn l in t. Ngi tiu dng n ngi tiu dng (C2C): Trong loi hnh ny, khch hng s bn hng trc tip cho cc khch hng khc. Loi ny bao gm vic bn hng ca ca cc c nhn: ti sn ring, xe hi Mu qung co v cc dch v c nhn trn internet, kin thc bn hng v kin chuyn mn trc tuyn l v d ca C2C. 19. Chng 2. GII THIU V THNG MI IN T 9 Thm vo , nhiu cuc bn u gi cho php cc c nhn a cc vt ra bn u gi. Cui cng, cc c nhn s s dng cc trang web c nhn cng nh mng ni b qung co cc vt hoc cc dch v c nhn. Ngi n ngi (P2P): y l mt loi c bit ca C2C ni m mi ngi c th trao i nh CD, bng video, phn mm v hng ha khc. Mt v d l trang napster.com. Ngi tiu th n doanh nghip (C2B): Loi hnh ny bao gm cc c nhn ngi dng internet bn mt hng hay dch v cho cc t chc, cng nh cc c nhn tm ngi bn, tng tc vi h, k kt v giao dch trc tuyn. Priceline.com c bit nh mt t chc ca C2B. Intrabussiness EC : Loi hnh ny bao gm tt c cc hat ng t chc, lun lun thc hin trn mng ni b hay cc cng ni vi nhau, bao gm s trao i hng ha, dch v, thng tin cc n v v cc c nhn trong mt t chc. Cc hat ng ny c th l hat ng bn cc mt hng cho cng nhn vin o to trc tuyn v kt qu ca s cng tc. Doanh nghip n ngi lm cng (B2E): y l lai m rng ca loi Itrabussiness. , t chc cung cp dch v, thng tin, v mt hng cho tng cng nhn. Chnh ph n ngi dn (G2C) v n cc b phn khc: Trong loi EC ny, chnh ph mua v bn hng ha, dch v, thng tin cho cc doanh nghip hoc cho tng ngi dn. Trao i n trao i (E2E): Vi s gia tng ca vic trao i v m ca, vic trao i ny ni kt vi vic trao i khc l mt iu hp l. E2E l mt h thng chnh thc kt ni cc v trao i. Hp tc thng mi: y l mt ng dng ca IOS cho vic hp tc in t gia cc nh doanh nghip v t chc ngi lao ng. Thng mi lu ng: Khi EC tham gia vo mi trng mng khng dy, n c gi l thng mi lu ng. 20. Chng 2. GII THIU V THNG MI IN T 10 2.3. Li ch v gii hn 2.3.1. Li ch EC em li ngun tim nng v li nhn to ln cho con ngi. EC to c hi tp hp c hng trm ngi, hng ngn ngi trn th gii bt k quc gia hay dn tc no. Nhng li nhun ny ang bt u tr thnh hin thc, v s gia tng khi EC lan rng. i vi khch hng S tin li: Ngi tiu dng c th mua hng vo bt c lc no mnh thch t chnh bn lm vic ca mnh, n t hng nhanh chng c thc hin ch thng qua vi thao tc n gin v h c nhn hng ti nh. Mua c ng th mnh cn vi chi ph hp l nht: Ngi tiu dng c c hi chn la nhng mt hng tt nht vi gi r nht, c th nhanh chng tm c nhng loi hng ha dch v cn thit vi mt danh sch so snh v gi c, phng thc giao nhn cng nh ch hu mi. Nu a thch v mua mt mt hng thuc chng loi no , ngi tiu dng c th d dng tm ra nhng mt hng tng t hoc nhng mt hng mi nht. Ngi tiu dng c hng ch hu mi tt hn Thay v phi gi in lin tc n b phn h tr k thut hay phi ch i, ngi tiu dng c th ch ng v nhanh chng tm kim cc thng tin cn thit qua website ca nh cung cp. Chc chn s h tr s nhanh hn v thng mi in t gip cho cc nh cung cp h tr khch hng vi hiu sut cao hn. H cng c th phn nh trc tip nhng nhu cu, nhng kin ca mnh ti cc nh lnh o, ti cc b phn chuyn trch. i vi nh sn xut v nh cung cp Hot ng kinh doanh 24/7 trn ton cu, p ng nhanh vi nhng nhu cu khc nhau: 21. Chng 2. GII THIU V THNG MI IN T 11 Tham gia thng mi in t l mt phng thc tt tip cn th trng ton cu. Vi TMT, nh cung cp c th phc v khch hng thuc mi mi gi khc nhau t mi ni trn th gii, vic kinh doanh khng b ngng tr v nhng ngy l tt hay ngy nghKhch hng c th ch ng tm n m khng lm phin ti bn, khng nh hng ti thi gian biu ca nh cung cp. Trong mi trng kinh t cnh tranh th cht lng dch v v kh nng p ng nhanh chng vi nhng yu cu ring bit ca th trng l bt buc i vi doanh nghip. Mc sng ngy cng cao th ngi ta coi trng s tin li hn gi c v TMT c li th vt tri v iu ny. Gim chi ph sn xut tip th v bn hng Trc ht l gim chi ph vn phng - qun l. Khi tham gia thng mi in t, cng ty c th cho bn mt hng dch v ca mnh m khng cn thu thm nhn cng. Cc vn phng - ca hng in t chi ph hot ng thp hn nhiu so vi vn phng truyn thng, phc v c ng thi mt lng khch hng ln hn hng ngn ln, hot ng 24/7, khng gian khng gii hn. Thng tin v mt hng lun m bo c cp nht mi nht khi khch hng c nhu cu tm hiu. Lc , cc chi ph in n t ri qung co khng cn cn thit na. Ci thin h thng lin lc, gip thit lp v cng c quan h i tc Cng ty c th lin h vi nhn vin, khch hng, i tc thng qua website. Mi thay i u c hiu lc ngay khi bn gi cho h trn website, v bt k ai cng xem c nhng thng tin cp nht m khng phi lin lc trc tip vi cng ty. Ngi tham gia TMT c th lin h trc tip v lin tc vi nhau, khng gii hn thi gian v khong cch a l vi chi ph thp, nh vy c s hp tc v qun l u c tin hnh nhanh chng lin tc. Cc bn hng mi, cc c hi kinh doanh mi c pht hin nhanh chng trn bnh din ton quc, quc t v c nhiu c hi la chn hn. 22. Chng 2. GII THIU V THNG MI IN T 12 Vic tm kim i tc cng tr ln thun tin hn, thng qua vic nm vng v y thng tin v nhau, vic tin hnh m phn tr nn nhanh gn v tin cy. To mt hnh nh v mt cng ty c t chc t Internet l phng tin hu hiu nht cc cng ty c th to lp bt k hnh nh no v mnh. iu cn thit l thit k mt website chuyn nghip, thm ni dung gip khch hng v ngay lp tc cng ty bt u c hnh nh ca mnh. Cng ty cho d nh nh th no cng khng thnh vn , ch cn c kht vng ln, bn c th xy dng hnh nh cng ty bn nh l mt tp on ln trn Internet. Dch v hu mi tt hn v thun tin hn Vi TMT, cc cng ty c th cung cp dch v sau bn hng tt hn m khng cn b lm phin nhiu. Thay v thu thm nhn vin h tr k thut, thay v nhn vin phi tr li lp i lp li nhng vn ny sinh lin tc ging nhau nh cch s dng mt hng, x l s c hay lau chi di chuyn hay i mt hng, khch hng ca bn c th ch ng tm nhng cu tr li qua h thng FAQ hay Support ca cng ty. Bn ch vic a ra nhng tnh hung c th, to cu hi v cu tr li, v tt nhin d dng cp nht thng xuyn. Nh thng mi in t m cc nh cung cp tip cn gn hn vi khch hng, iu cng ng ngha vi vic tng cht lng dch v cho ngi tiu dng. Nh cung cp cng c th d dng thu thp kin khch hng nng cao cht lng phc v ca mnh. Thu ht c nhng khch hng lp d, kh tnh Nhiu ngi khng mun i mua sm ti cc ca hng, nhng ni n o. H s nhng nhn vin bn hng pht hin iu b mt ca h, c ngi th xu h khng dm hi mua mt hng, c bit l cc mt hng lin quan ti cc vn t nh. Vi mt website, bn c 100% c hi chinh phc i tung khch hng ny. Nm c thng tin phong ph v cp nht Nh Internet v Web cc doanh nghip c th d dng nm c thng tin th trng phong ph v a chiu, nh c th xy dng c chin lc sn xut 23. Chng 2. GII THIU V THNG MI IN T 13 kinh doanh thch hp vi th hiu, xu th pht trin mi nht ca th trng trong nc v quc t. em li s cnh tranh bnh ng V thng mi in t c tin hnh trn mng nn khng b nh hng bi khong cch a l, do cng ty d l nh hay ln th iu cng khng nh hng g, cc cng ty vn c nhiu ngi bit n nh tnh ton cu ca mng. Khch hng cng c nhiu s la chn hn nh mng my tnh cung cp cho h. Thng mi in t em li s hin din trn ton cu cho nh cung cp v s la chn ton cu cho khch hng. Gia tng u th cnh tranh Gi tr ca TMT khng n thun l tng doanh s, TMT c s dng nh mt u th cnh tranh, m bo thng tin cho khch hng c y , m rng kh nng la chn v i snh cho khch hng, thit k dch v mi, y nhanh qu trnh giao hng v gim gi thnh mt hng. TMT lm gim ch ph trung gian, hng ha dch v c th i thng t nh cung cp ti khch hng, c bit nu bn l nhng nh sn xut v mt hng ca bn phi qua qu nhiu cc nh phn phi trung gian mi n tay ngi tiu dng th TMT l mt gii php hu hiu gim bt phn chia s li nhun. Vic tham gia vo TMT cn l mt phng thc khng nh uy tn, cht lng dch v ca DN vi khch hng. i vi nh nc TMT s kch thch s pht trin ca ngnh cng ngh thng tin, khai thc d liu v pht hin tri thc. Li ch ny c mt ngha ln i vi cc nc ang pht trin: nu khng nhanh chng tip cn nn kinh t tri thc th sau khong mt thp k na, cc nc ang pht trin c th b b ri hon ton. Kha cnh li ch ny mang tnh chin lc cng ngh v tnh chnh sch pht trin cn cho cc nc cng nghip ha. Mt s chuyn gia kinh t cho rng, sm chuyn sang kinh t tri thc 24. Chng 2. GII THIU V THNG MI IN T 14 c th mt nc pht trin to c mt bc nhy vt tin kp cc nc i trc vi thi gian ngn hn. Nhanh chng theo kp xu hng pht trin kinh t th gii. Tn dng tin b Khoa hc K thut trong pht trin kinh t, thc y pht trin kinh t khu vc trong thi i "thng tin k thut s". Gim chi ph qun l hnh chnh, thc hin qun l Nh nc hiu qu hn, nhanh chng hn. To mi lin h vi cc doanh nghip, n v, c nhn nhanh chng, hiu qu hn. To mi trng kinh doanh cnh tranh lnh mnh, cng bng cho tt c cc doanh nghip tham gia. i vi x hi Hnh thnh mt tp qun kinh doanh mi (phi giy t), to nn mt x hi vn minh, hin i hn. Nn tng ca TMT l mng my tnh, trn ton th gii l mng Internet v phng tin truyn thng hin i nh v tinh vin thng, cp, v tuyn, cc kh c in t khc v.v...Do pht trin ca h thng mng my tnh, mi vic u c th x l v gii quyt trn mng ti nh, do vy, ngoi ph s vng ngi v phng tin giao thng, nh vy tai nn giao thng s t hn trc nhiu. Mt vi hng ha c mua v bn c th c bn vi gi thp, cho php nhng ngi giu c mua nhiu hng ha hn v gia tng cht lng cuc sng. Ngi dn trong cc nc Th gii th 3, v cc khu vc nng thn by gi c th mua cc mt hng v dch v m trc y h khng th mua c. 2.3.2. Gii hn Nhng hn ch v mt k thut Bo mt h thng, tnh ng tin cy, tiu chun, v cc phng thc giao tip vn cn ang tin trin. mt s ni, rng di tng ca thng tin lin lc bng cp khng . 25. Chng 2. GII THIU V THNG MI IN T 15 Cng c pht trin phn mm vn cn ang tin trin v thay i nhanh chng. Hp nht gia Internet v phn mm EC vi cc ng dng v d liu c sn l mt iu kh khn. Ngi bn cn s pht trin mt my ch c bit, my dch v tp tin, v nhng thnh phn khch. Mt vi phn mm EC c th khng thch hp vi phn cng, hc n c th tr nn khng hp vi h iu hnh hin ti hc thit b hin ti. Nhng hn ch khng phi v mt k thut Chi ph pht trin EC trong cng ty c th rt cao v c th gy ra li do vic thiu hiu bit, dn n vic tr han cng vic. Hn na, chng minh cho h thng, phi ch ra c nhng li nhun khng th nhn thy c v rt kh xc nh c s lng (chng hn nh vic pht trin dch v phc v khch hng v gi tr ca s qung co). Bo mt v s ring t l rt quan trng trong m hnh doanh nghip n ngi tiu dng (B2C), c bit l cc vn v bo mt l rt nghim trng. Gii hn ca vc bo v s ring t ang pht trin.i vi khch hng, nhng vn ny rt quan trng. Ngnh cng nghip EC c mt nhim v lu di v kh khn trong vic thuyt phc khch hng rng nhng giao dch v thng tin c nhn trn mng rt bo mt. Trong vi trng hp, khch hng khng tin tng vo ngi bn hng m mnh khng quen bit v khng bit mt, v nhng v giao dch khng c giy t, tin in t. Bi v nhng iu , vic thuyt phc khch hng chuyn t giao dch vt l thng thng sang giao dch in t l rt kh khn. Mt vi khch hng th thch tip xc vi mt hng mnh s mua, chng hn nh qun o m h bit c chnh xc mt hng h mua s nh th no. 26. Chng 2. GII THIU V THNG MI IN T 16 C nhng vn thuc v lut php vn cn cha c gii quyt, v trong nhiu nn ti chnh ca chnh ph, mi quan h v trnh khng ci tin c tnh phc tp ca EC. Cng nh l mt ngnh hc, EC vn cn tin trin v thay i mt cch nhanh chng. Nhiu ngi ang tm kim mt EC n nh trc khi h tham gia vo EC. EC khng c cc dch v h tr. mt s ni, khng c iu kin then cht ca EC t c s thnh cng. Trong hu ht cc ng dng, khng c ngi bn v ngi mua thu li nhun t cc tin trnh EC. Mt vi iu ng lo ngi l EC pht huy c cng dng ca vic giao tip trc tip, c th c mt tht bi trong mi quan h ca h. Vic truy cp internet vn cn t v tim nng khch hng cn hn ch. 2.4. Mt s vn cn lu khi tham gia vo thng mi in t 2.4.1. Bo mt Khi tham gia vo thng mi in t ngha l h thng c kt ni vo mng tan cu. Do , h thng c th b tn cng bt c khi no nu khng c mt c ch bo mt cht ch. Ngai ra, thng tin c truyn trn Internet i qua nhiu chng nn kh kim sot v d b tn cng t bn ngoi. V vy, thng tin truyn i cn phi c m ha bi bn gi v bn nhn phi c cch gii m nhn thng tin. 2.4.2. X l t ng Trong vic kinh doanh thng mi in t, thi gian v cng quan trng. Do , nhng cng vic c lp i lp li hng ngy cn c x l t ng. Nh , cng vic s c thc hin nhanh, gim c s lng ln nhn vin, gim c chi ph. 27. Chng 2. GII THIU V THNG MI IN T 17 Trong vn x l t ng, ta cn phi phn chia cng vic thnh cc giai on x l sao cho ph hp. Cc giai on cn phi c lp, tun t v d dng trao i d liu gia cc giai on. 2.4.3. Thanh tan in t Trong thng mi in t ni ring, vn thanh ton l ti quan trng. Do , cn phi c phng thc thanh ton ph hp, hiu qu, khch hng tin cy v hi lng vo phng thc thanh ton. ng thi cn phi bo mt ti a cc thng tin thanh ton ca khch hng. Hnh thc thanh ton cng ty thuc vo i tng thanh ton: hnh thc thanh ton gia c nhn mua hng trn cc site siu th in t s khc hnh thc thanh ton gia cc cng ty vi nhau. 28. Chng 3. MI QUAN H KHCH HNG 18 Chng 3. MI QUAN H KHCH HNG 3.1. So snh gia th trng v th trng in t 3.1.1. Ging nhau Th trng (in t hoc khng) u c 3 chc nng chnh: Kt ni gia ngi bn v ngi mua Trao i thng tin, hng ho, dch v v phng thc thanh ton Cung cp c cu t chc, chng hn nh c cu lut php v lut l lm cho cc chc nng ca th trng c hiu qu hn. Chc nng ca th trng Kt ni ngi bn v ngi mua Khng nh nhng gi tr ca mt hng: Nhng phm cht ca mt hng c ngi bn cung cp Phn loi cc mt hng khc nhau Tm kim (ca ngi mua cho ngi bn hoc ngc li): Nhng thng tin v gi v v mt hng Sp xp s lng t v trao i hng Phi hp hi ho gia nhng g ngi bn cung cp v ngi mua yu cu Tm hiu gi c: Qu trnh thc hin v kt qu ca vic tm kim ra cc gi c So snh cc gi c S thun tin ca vic giao dch B phn hu cn: Phn phi thng tin, hng ho v cc dch v n ngi mua S thit lp: Chuyn tin t ngi mua n ngi bn S tin cy: H thng th tn dng, ho n nh Consumers Reports v BBB, nhng dch v trc tuyn thc s ng tin cy C cu t chc Tnh hp php: Nhng m thuc v thng mi, lut hp ng, gii php tranh lun, s bo v v mt tinh thn Lut xut v nhp khu Lut l: Nhng quy nh, lut l, s p buc 29. Chng 3. MI QUAN H KHCH HNG 19 3.1.2. Khc nhau Hnh 3.1 M hnh cc loi th trng 30. Chng 3. MI QUAN H KHCH HNG 20 c im ni bt ca th trng in t, c bit l th trng da trn web, l chuyn i nhiu qu trnh c s dng trong mua bn v cung cp.Thng mi in t chu nh hng ca cng ngh thng tin vi hiu qu tng cao v chi ph giao dch v phn phi thp cng tr nn hiu qu hn, tr thnh th trng khng va chm. M hnh thng mi truyn thng t x l nhng vt liu th v phn phi chng trong khi thng mi in t thu thp, la chn v phn phi thng tin. Do nn kinh t ca thng mi in t, bt u bng cung v cu, kt thc bng gi c v cnh tranh. M hnh di y cng th hin s khc nhau ca th trng in t v th trng truyn thng. + (a): trong th trng quan h trc tip + (b): trong th trng truyn thng + (c): trong th trng in t 3.2.Mi quan h khch hng Hin nay, vic thuyt phc khch hng mua sm trc tuyn v vic chn la cng ty mua hng l hai vn kh khn. C 2 l do chnh khin khch hng khng mua hng qua web: khng m bo an tan, khng kim nh c cht lng. Mc tha mn nhu cu l yu t quan trng nht khin khch hng quyt nh mua hng v tip tc mua hng ca cng ty. Do , cn pht trin quan h ca cng ty i vi khch hng cng nh gia tng kh nng p ng vi nhu cu ca h. 31. Chng 3. MI QUAN H KHCH HNG 21 3.2.1. Qu trnh quyt nh mua hng ca khch hng Hnh 3.2 M hnh m t qu trnh mua hng Vic quyt nh mua hng gm c 5 giai on nh trong hnh v. Trong giai an 1: Nhu cu ca khch hng l tim n. Do , nhn vin tip th c vai tr gip cho khch hng pht hin ra iu v thuyt phc h mua mt hng ca mnh p ng nhu cu . Trong giai an 2: Khch hng nghin cu mc p ng nhu cu ca mt hng v dch v thng qua nhng thng tin thu thp c t bn trong b nh v thng tin bn ngoi thng qua cc danh mc, qung co T khch hng c nhng thay i trong vic quyt nh mua hng, thng l thay i nh. Trong giai an 3: Khch hng rt ra cc tiu chun thng qua nhng thng tin c lu trong b nh cng nh thng tin t bn ngoi. Da vo h so snh v nh gi cc mt hng v dch v. Trong giai an 4: Quyt nh mua hng, thc hin chi tr, phn phi v bo hnh Trong giai on 5:nh gi mc hu dng ca mt hng v dch v sau khi mua 3.2.2. Kt ni mt hng Th trng in t l 1 loi th trng quan h: Cc cng ty c gng duy tr mi quan h lu di vi khch hng thng qua nhng li ch,cng c s trung thnh v 32. Chng 3. MI QUAN H KHCH HNG 22 tin cy ln nhau. Cng ty phi c kh nng v sn sng thay i phc v cho khch hng da vo nhng iu h bit v khch hng, thng qua vic tip xc vi khch hng v ghi nhn nhu cu ca h. Sau cng ty p ng nhu cu ca h nu c th v l cch tt khin h tr nn trung thnh vi cng ty. V d, Amazon.com bng h thng tm kim da trn nhng thng tin v khch hng gi email thng bo n khch hng mi khi c mt hng mi lin quan n vn h quan tm. y c s tc ng 2 chiu. Nhng thng tin thu thp c v khch hng c lu trong c s d liu.Thng tin ny ngy mt gia tng, c nhng tc ng n mt hng, ni mua hng, gi c v s ci tin. T cng ty c nhng chin lc qung co thch hp lm tng sc mua ca khch hng. Qu trnh mua bn li tip tc cung cp nhng thng tin mi v khch hng v chu trnh tip tc c lp li. Trong th trng in t, s trung thnh ca khch hng l iu rt quan trng: S trung thnh ca khch hng l s duy tr vic mua bn ca khch hng i vi cng ty. y l thnh phn quan trng em li li nhun cho cng ty. Hn na, chi ph tm kim c 1 ngi dng mi nhiu gp t 5 n 8 ln chi ph duy tr quan h vi 1 ngi dng c v ngi dng c thng khng t nng vic so snh gi c vi cc cng ty khc. Vic gia tng s trung thnh ny gip cng ty tit kim chi ph qung co, chi ph giao dch Nhng khch hng trung thnh ca cng ty thng khng b tc ng bi cc i tc cnh tranh ca cng ty ny. Trong qu kh, vic gia tng s trung thnh d thc hin nhng ngy nay th khc hn v khch hng c kh nng mua sm, so snh cc mt hng, chuyn i cng ty mua hng cc k d dng, nhanh v khng tn km nhiu chi ph. Do cn tng cng p ng nhu cu ca ngi s dng hin ti v ngi s dng tim n trong tng lai. 3.3. Phn phi dch v khch hng Trc khi mua hng, khch hng phi xc nh c mnh cn g, sau h cn nm c nhng thng tin v c tnh ca mt hng, ch bo tr v sa cha 33. Chng 3. MI QUAN H KHCH HNG 23 chng. Do , h cn nhng ngi t vn v cc vn . Nhng ngi t vn ny l nhng i tng chnh trong dch v khch hng. Dch v khch hng c nhim v lm tho mn v p ng nhng mong i ca khch hng. Trong thng mi in t, dch v khch hng c ci tin hn trong mi trng thng mi truyn thng. iu ny th hin bng vic ci tin cch lin lc t ng ho cc x l v gii quyt vng mc ca khch hng nhanh hn. 3.3.1. Dch v in t Cc dch v in t thng cung cp cc tr gip trc tuyn cho cc giao dch trc tuyn. Thm ch nhng ngi mua hng phi trc tuyn cng c th s dng cc dch v trc tuyn, chng hn hng dn cch s dng hay nhng ch dn chi tit v mt hng. Voss (2000) phn bit 3 loi dch v: Dch v nn tng: bao gm cc dch v thc hin cc nhim v chnh nh chc nng ca trang web, hiu qu ca trang web v mc tho mn ca vic t hng Dch v trung tm: bao gm cc dch v theo di t hng, c cu v vic phc v khch hng theo n t hng, c ch bo mt Dch v h tr thm: chng hn nh u gi trc tuyn v gio dc trc tuyn 3.3.2. Chu trnh sng ca cc mt hng v dch v khch hng Cc dch v khch hng phi c cung cp sut chu trnh sng ca mt hng, bao gm 4 giai on: Xc nh yu cu: Gip khch hng xc nh c nhng th h cn Mua mt hng: Gip khch hng mua mt hng hoc dch v ng yu cu S hu mt hng: H tr khch hng cc dch v c bn nh tng tc gia cc ngi dng trc tuyn, h tr k thut, th vin ti nguyn Khng mun s dng mt hng na: Gip khch hng x l vi mt hng m h khng s dng na, chng hn cung cp dch v bn li mt hng dng trc tuyn. 34. Chng 3. MI QUAN H KHCH HNG 24 3.3.3. Qun l quan h vi khch hng Theo Seybold v Marshak (1998), xy dng thng mi in t tp trung trn khch hng bao gm 5 bc: Thc hin giao dch n gin Tp trung trn ngi s dng cui Thit k li mt hng da trn nhng quan im ca nhng ngi s dng cui Ci tin c cu thng mi in t Khuyn khch v lm gia tng s trung thnh ca khch hng, yu t chnh em li li nhun cho cng ty 3.3.4. Cc chc nng ca dch v khch hng Cung cp kh nng tm kim v so snh cc mt hng Cung cp cc dch v v mt hng min ph Cung cp cc thng tin v cc dch v c trng Cho php khch hng t hng theo yu cu To cho khch hng kh nng theo di ti khon hoc tnh trng t hng 3.3.5. Cc cng c h tr dch v khch hng C nhiu cng c lin quan n web x l cc dch v khch hng, trong c 1 vi cng c ch yu nh cc trang web ring, cc trang FAQ, cc cng c tm kim, cc phng chat, email v h thng tr li t ng Cc trang web ring: Nhiu cng ty cho php khch hng to lp cc trang web ring cho h. T , khch hng c th thu thp c cc thng tin v ngi bn cng nh ngi bn c th thu thp c cc thng tin v khch hng 1 cch d dng. Hin nay, khch hng c th thu c cc thng tin v cc tr li ngay lp tc thay v phi mt t 1 n 3 thng nh trc y. Khch hng cng c th phn tch cc thng tin ny 1cch nhanh chng. Ngy nay, cc cng ty thc 35. Chng 3. MI QUAN H KHCH HNG 25 hin kt hp gia gi tr ca mt hng vi thi ca khch hng bng cch s dng nhng thng tin c c v khch hng. FAQS: Cng c FAQS (h thng cc cu hi thng c hi) tr li cho khch hng nhng cu hi quen thuc, mang tnh cht lp li. N d s dng v c gi khng cao. 36. Chng 4. M HNH THNG MI IN T B2C V B2B 26 Chng 4. M HNH THNG MI IN T B2C V B2B 4.1. M hnh B2C Hnh 4.1 M hnh B2C 4.1.1. M t hat ng y l m hnh giao dch gia doanh nghip vi ngi tiu dng. M hnh B2C c p dng trong cc m hnh siu th in t v cc Site bn hng l. M hnh B2C s dng cho hnh thc kinh doanh khng c chng t. Ngi tiu dng vo Website ca cng ty, chn cc mn hng cn mua, cung cp thng tin v mnh l khch hng bng cch in vo cc form nh sn trn Website, chn hnh thc thanh ton chuyn tin qua bu in, chuyn khon, hay thanh ton in t, cch vn chuyn hng ha,.. Khi ngi dng coi nh t hng xong, ch ch hng ha n. Ti phn qun l ca cng ty s c chng trnh x l thng tin mua bn t ng, kim tra thng tin khch hng v vn thanh ton, cc hnh thc vn chuyn hng ha,.. 37. Chng 4. M HNH THNG MI IN T B2C V B2B 27 Hot ng ca m hnh B2C Ngi mua dng Web Browser truy cp vo site siu th in t ca mt cng ty, xem cc mt hng c trong catalog, chn cc mn hng cn mua vo "cart" v t hng. 4.1.2. V d Amazon.com l mt trong nhng trang thng mi in t ln trn th gii. Trang Amazon.com thc hin theo m hnh B2C.y l nh sch online ln nht th gii. N c ti 17 triu khch v phc v 150 quc gia. N c ti hng triu mt hng trong danh mc bn chng hn nh sch, DVD, video, chi, in t, phn mm... u gi: Amazon cng a ra cc ngh v cc dch v phc v cho th trng chng hn cc cuc bn u ga ca Amazon v Zshop. Cc cuc bn u gi ca Amazon t chc v tin hnh cc cuc bn u gi v li ch ca cc c nhn hay cc doanh nghip nh. Cn dch v zShop c kt hp vi th trng Amazon v tin trnh chi tr ca Amazon, to c hi cho cc doanh nghip nh c mt ca hng giao tip vi khch hng, c h tr bi s giu c ca tin trnh h tr thi hnh t hng ca Amazon. c tnh: c trng then cht l d dng xem lt qua v tm kim, thng tin mt hng hu ch, kin khch hng, s gii thiu v s c nhn ha, c nhiu chn la, gi r, h thng chi tr bo mt v vic thc hin n t hng c hiu qu. Ngai ra, Amazon cn cung cp cc dch v lm cho vic mua sm trn mng tr nn th v hn: khch hng c th gi thip in t min ph, khch hng c ni chia s thng tin v trnh by kin ca mnh. Vic qun l mi quan h vi khch hng Trang c s dng cookie gip nhn bit ngay khch hng khi mi vo thm trang cho n v thc hin vic ngh mt vi quyn sch c cng cc th loi m trc y khch hng ny mua 38. Chng 4. M HNH THNG MI IN T B2C V B2B 28 Ngai ra, trang cn cung cp cc dch v phc v cho c nhn: Xem li trng thi ca n t hng Hy b hay tng hp cc n t hng cha vn chuyn. a ra cc la chn trong vn chuyn, a ch trn cc n t hng cha vn chuyn i. Cp nht li cc thng tin c nhn. Amazon cn lu vt li lch s mua hng ca khch hng, v gi th gii thiu mua hng thng qua email cho khch hng gip khch hng ra trong khi ra quyt nh mua hng. Nhng phng php ny dn n vic kinh nghim mua sm tha ng v vic khuyn khch khch hng tr li site. Thng tin b sung Amazon s dng mt CSDL pha server cho php khch hng pha client tm kim thng tin theo nhiu cch. y l mt ng dng ca client /server. CSDL cha cc thng tin v k thut ca mt hng, cch thc vn chuyn, nhng thng tin v d liu khc. Ta sch, tc gi, lch s bn, nh xut bn, nhn xt, m t lun c lu gi trong c s d liu. CSDL rng ny lm cho n c kh nng b sung ch dn cho mt hng. Amazon cn xc nh site ang phc v cho khch hng no, mt CSDL lu gi li tt c cc phin giao dch trc y, bao gm cc mt hng c t, vn chuyn, v thng tin v credit card. 39. Chng 4. M HNH THNG MI IN T B2C V B2B 29 4.2. M hnh B2B Hnh 4.2 M hnh B2B 4.2.1. M t hat ng M hnh B2B p dng trong qu trnh bun bn gia cc t chc v cc Site cung cp bn s. Trong m hnh B2B trn Internet vn quan trng nht l trao i cc thng tin thng mi c cu trc v mua bn t ng gia 2 h thng khc nhau. Trc khi c s ra i ca XML th vn ny rt kh thc hin. Cng ngh XML - Extensible Markup Language, ngn ng nh du m rng cung cp dng format m t d liu c cu trc; XML c dng format v truyn d liu theo cch d dng, thun tin trn Internet. V vy XML m bc ngoc ln trong thng mi in t, nht l trong m hnh bun bn c chng t B2B. M hnh B2B p dng cho hnh thc kinh doanh c chng t gia cc cng ty, cc t chc, gia cng ty m v cc cng ty con, gia cc cng ty trong cng hip hi. Khi s dng m hnh B2B cn phi c kim chng c khch hng v bo mt cc thng tin mua bn thng qua cc ch k in t ca cng ty, t chc. Hot ng ca m hnh B2B Bn mua mun mua hng th s kim tra catalogs ca bn bn tm ri t hng hoc t hng khng c sn trong catalogs theo tha thun. Khi , bn bn s x l n t hng v gi ha n thanh ton cho bn mua. M hnh B2B m hin ang c s dng trong th trng in t l th trng in t chung, c bit di nhiu ci tn khc nhau vi nhiu chc nng khc nhau: 40. Chng 4. M HNH THNG MI IN T B2C V B2B 30 thng trng in t, ch in t, trao i, hi kinh doanh, trung tm trao i, B2B portal 4.2.2. V d Alibaba.com l mt portral theo chiu rng.N c dng nn Trung Quc nhng phc v cho thng mi trn 200 quc gia. N c mt hip hi rng ln v hng mnh, bao gm nhiu ngi mua v ngi bn trn th gii. H l nhng ngi thch mua bn trc tip khng cn trung gian. Do , trang web l mt ni dng a ln mt cch c phn loi bi v n c mt c s d liu khng l. Alibaba.com tp hp cc qung co li t chc li trong c s d liu. CSDL chnh l trung tm ca trang alibaba.com. CSDL c t chc theo tng danh mc mt hng. N c 27 danh mc chnh: thi trang, chi . Trong , mi danh mc li c nhng danh mc nh hn. Tt c qung co c ng ln l min ph. Bi v mi danh mc, c ti hng ngn mt hng, do mt cng ngh tm kim c cung cp. c trng ca portal: email min ph, cu lc b cc thnh vin Trung Quc, tin tc, thng tin, din n tho lun, c bit, cc cng ty cn c th to mt trang Web cho cng ty cng mnh lm phng trng by cc mt hng. u gi nghch: Trang ny cho php ngi mua ng mt RFQ (Hy n vi Cc hat ng thng mi ca chng ti ), v thc hin tham quan, tin hnh thng lng, v a ra n t hng. Ngi bn sau c th gi gi n cho ngi mua, v hng dn cch thng lng hc chp nhn n t hng. n thng 7 nm 2001, th tin trnh ny vn cha c t ng. Dch v: Cc dch v u c ph s dng. Ngn ng: nm 2001, trang h tr cc ngn ng sau: Ting Anh, Trung Quc, Nht Bn. 4.3. Gii thiu ng dng thng mi in t - STORE FONT Storefont l mt ng dng v thng mi n t, c xy dng pha ngi bn. y l mt ng dng thuc m hnh B2B hoc B2C 41. Chng 4. M HNH THNG MI IN T B2C V B2B 31 4.3.1. B2C storefont Mt ca hng in t phi h tr ngi dng cc kh nng sau: Tm kim, so snh cc mt hng bng cch s dng cc catalog in t. Chn mt mt hng t hng v tin hnh thng lng hay xc nh r tng gi tr bng cch dng cc chc nng tm kim v so snh. nh gi mt hng v dch v a ra n t hng bng cch dng shopping card Tr tin cho cc n t hng , thng th thng qua credit card Yu cu chng thc v n t hng ca khch chc chn rng mt hng mong mun l c gi tr Pha ngi bn cn: To mt cun sch ghi ch cho khch ving thm ghi li cc bnh lun.Yu cu khch li a ch email. Xc nhn credit card ca ngi mua v chp thun vic mua thng qua h thng xc nhn credit card. Tr li cc cu hi ca ngi dng hng. Yu cu cc n t hng c x l. Sp xp vic phn phi thng qua h thng theo di. Xem trang thng tin c nhn cng vi cc cuc mua qua. Xc nhn rng mt hng c chuyn i bng cch dng h thng theo di Gi nhng phn hi ti ngi bn thng qua h thng giao tip. To mt c ch u gi. Kt hp thng tin mt hng vi ng cnh. Cung cp kh nng chuyn i ngn ng nu cn thit. cung cp nhng kh nng trn, mt ca hng in t phi dng ti thiu l 3 h thng con: 42. Chng 4. M HNH THNG MI IN T B2C V B2B 32 Mt h thng dng cung cp catalog ca sn phm cng vi gi c v s qung co v mt hng, v shopping card. Mt h thng giao dch cho vic t hng, chi tr, Payment gateway l mt chung trnh phn mm. Phn mm ny s chuyn d liu ca cc giao dch t website ca ngi bn sang trung tm thanh ton th tn dng hp thc ho qu trnh thanh ton th tn dng. 4.3.2. B2B storefont Hnh thc ny gn ging nh storefont B2C, nhng n thm mt s kh nng sau: Nhng danh mc ring v trang web ring cho tt c cc ngi mua ln Mt payment gate cho m hnh B2B S cc trang Cc tnh nng s thng lng tip xc bng in t. Cu hnh mt hng bi khch hng. Kh nng theo di vic t hng. S tin tnh kinh doanh t ng Kh nng cho khch hng dng thng mi in t di ng. H thng bo mt Thng tin v cng ty, mt hng, khch hng Kt ni v kh nng tng tc vi cc i tc kinh doanh Kh nng thng lng trc tuyn Tch hp vi cc h thng h tr Cnh bo v kinh doanh 43. Chng 5. CC K THUT LP TRNH 33 Chng 5. CC K THUT LP TRNH 5.1. Lp trnh web v ASP.NET 5.1.1. Lp trnh web Hnh 5.1 M hnh gi nhn yu cu Qu trnh gi v nhn yu cu Client v Server: Pha client yu cu mt trang web: Request Pha web server p li bng cch gi web page theo dng HTML v cho trnh duyt: Response C 2 k thut lp trnh web: Client side code v Server side code K tht Client-side code y l k thut lp trnh web m trang web c trnh duyt ti v t web server v sau mi x l u thc hin trn my client. u im ca k thut ny l: Web server khng cn x l nhiu. 44. Chng 5. CC K THUT LP TRNH 34 Trang web p C nhiu hiu ng nh hnh ng. Mt s k thut lp trnh web client-side code: DHTML: o Script ny c nhng vo trong trang HTML o Thng thng dng JavaScript o Mi thnh phn ca HTML tr thnh mt i tng gn lin vi mt s kin chng hn nh OnClick o Script cung cp code phn hi li cc s kin ca trnh duyt. Active X: o Mc nh th ch c Internet Explorer h tr cho cc trang web bng Active X. Tuy nhin, trnh duyt Nestcaspe cng h tr vi iu kin l c plug in o Ch thch hp s dng cho cc trang web c dng trong mng ni b. JavaApplet: o Da vo Javae byte code. K thut Sever-side code ng dng web c x l trn WebServer (IIS, Netscape Enterprise Server) Qu trnh thc hin ng dng Server-Side gm 2 giai on: To trang Web c cha c Srcipt Client-Side v Server-Side Khi client browser yu cu thc hin, server (run-time engine) s thc hin cc lnh server-side scripts v tr trang Web HTML v trnh duyt u im ca k thut server side code: D truy cp: c th dng bt k trnh duyt no pha client hay bt k thit b no truy cp vo trang web D qun l: khng i hi vic sp xp code trong ng dng v d dng thay i code. Bo mt: code khng b l khi trang web b li. 45. Chng 5. CC K THUT LP TRNH 35 D m rng:ng dng c xy dng theo m hnh 3 tng nn d dng m rng. Mt s k thut lp trnh sever-side code: Common Gateway Interface (CGI) Internet Server API (ISAPI) Netscape Server API (NSAPI) Java Server Pages (JSP) Personal Home Page (PHP) Cold Fusion (CFM) Active Server Pages (ASP) Hnh 5.2M hnh m t QT thng dch SCRIPT ENGINE o ASP l mt k thut d vit, d sa i, tch hp vi cc cng ngh ca Microsofft nh COM, o File c tn m rng.asp o S dng ngn ng VBScript, Jscript, Perl, o Thc hin tun t t trn xung (thng dch) bi cc b SCRIPT ENGINE o Kt qu thc hin l 1 trang HTML ASP.NET o c xem l mt th h mi ca ASP. 46. Chng 5. CC K THUT LP TRNH 36 5.1.2. Gii thiu v ASP.NET Gii thiu ASP.NET l mt k thut lp trnh web: sever-side code. File c tn m rng aspx ASP.NET thch hp vi nhiu trnh duyt: IE, Netscape, Opera ASP.NET c h tr trn 25 ngn ng.NET: C#, VB.NET, SmallTalk.NET, COBOL.NET.. cho vic vit code x l. ASP.NET h tr cho vic to ra, trin khai v thc hin ng dng hay dch v web Code Behind Trong cc trang web vit bng ASP th code x l v HTML c vit chung 1 file. Cn trong cc trang web vit bng ASP.NET th code v HTML c th c phn chia. Vic phn chia em li rt nhiu thun li sau: Cho php cc nh lp trnh thao tc trn HTML m khng nh hng n logic ca trang. Cho php bo v tt Source code. c cung cp, p ng t mi trng pht trin tch hp IDE. Qu trnh x l yu cu Khi client gi yu cu v pha server, sever tin hnh 4 bc sau gi kt qu v cho client Cu hnh (Configuration) o Khi phc li d liu cho ViewStates v trang. o Tin hnh s kin Page_Load o Chun b sn sng cho vic trnh din trang. X l s kin (Event Handling) o Xc nh xem s kin no b kch hat khi yu cu c gi v t pha client. Tin hnh cc bc x l trong s kin. Biu din (Rendering): Gi kt qu v cho trnh duyt di dng trang HTML. Xa trang (Clean up) 47. Chng 5. CC K THUT LP TRNH 37 o Tin hnh gii phng ti nguyn s dng nh: ng kt ni c s d liu, ng file c m o Tin hnh thc hin x l Page_Unload Mt s i tng Request: L i tng cho php Client gi yu cu v pha server. Ngai ra, Request c mt chc nng quan trng l thu thp thng tin trnh duyt pha client di dng chui: Vd: www.Conty.aspx?IDCompany = TLONG -> Client yu cu trang Congty.aspx vi IDCompany = Request(IDCompany) Response: L i tng cho php server gi thng tin v client sau khi client yu cu. Vd: Response.Redirect (homepage.aspx) Server gi ni dung trang homepage.aspx v cho pha client Session o Mi session c to ra khi mt ngi dng truy cp vo ng dng. Session dng lu tr d liu. Session c t chc nh mt t im gi tr m trong c c t chc thnh tng cp.Mi cp gm 1 t kha v ga tr. o Vd: Session (Username) = thao T kha Username v gi tr l thao o Session c to ra v lu trn b nh ca server. o Thi gian mc nh lu mt session l 20 pht. o C 2 event: session_OnStart, v session_OnEnd c khai bo trong tp tin gobal.asax. Bn c th nhng code vo iu khin. Hnh 5.3 M hnh m t cch s dng session 48. Chng 5. CC K THUT LP TRNH 38 Sever Control HTML Server Controls Web Server Controls (hay cn gi l Web Controls) Validation Controls (Control xc nh tnh hp l) o L nhng control gip cho vic kim tra v cng nhn cc thng tin trong mt input control c nhp vo mt cch d dng. Custom Controls o L nhng control c m rng t cc control c sn. o C 2 loi custom control: Web user control v Web custom control. Web user control d dng pht trin v c lu trong tp tin.ascx. Cn Web custom control th phc tp hn do loi control ny i hi mt hiu bit v lp trnh hng i tng. 5.2. XML 5.2.1. Khi nim v tnh nng Khi nim Xml l chun m cho php to lp h cc ngn ng XML m cc ngn ng ny dng : M t thng tin v cc i tng phc tp Trao i thng tin qua cc h thng khc nhau mt cch d dng Tnh nng Ngn ng XML: L ngn ng hnh thc D hc, d s dng Kh nng biu din tt Tnh ph dng cao 5.2.2. c im Mt ti liu XML phi well-formed v valid. Mt XML well-formed l mt XML thch hp cho parser ch bin. Tc l XML tun th cc lut l v Tag, Element, Attribute, value.v.v.. cha bn trong parser c th nhn din v phn bit mi th. L well-formed c ngha l XML c cu trc ng. 49. Chng 5. CC K THUT LP TRNH 39 Cch to mt ti liu XML well-formed well-formed, mt ti liu XML phi theo ng cc lut sau y: Phi c mt root (gc) Element duy nht, gi l Document Element, n cha tt c cc Elements khc trong ti liu. Mi opening Tag phi c mt closing Tag ging nh n. Tags trong XML th case sensitive, tc l opening Tag v closing Tag phi c nh vn y nh nhau, ch hoa hay ch thng. Mi Child Element phi nm trn bn trong Element cha ca n. Attribute value trong XML phi c gi gia mt cp ngoc kp hay mt cp apostrophe. V d di y l mt XML well-formed: Hnh 5.4 M hnh m t mt XML well-formed 50. Chng 5. CC K THUT LP TRNH 40 Cch to mt ti liu XML valid Mt ti liu XML valid khi n cha nhng data cn c trong loi ti liu, tc l ti liu ny phi ng nh nh ngha trong mt Specification v loi ti liu XML y. Specification ny c th l mt Document Type Definition (DTD) hay mt Schema. Document Type Definition (DTD) Gii thiu DTD: DTD l ngn ng cho php m t cu trc ti liu ca ngn ng nh du. u im: M t nhiu loi ti liu khc nhau bao hm XML Khuyt im: Gii hn m t cc rang buc trn d liu M t phn t: Th gm c 3 loi: EMPTY: th rng ANY: th bt k #PCDATA: khng c thnh phn con Cc k hiu: , tun t ? c th c hay khng c * lp li nhiu ln (t nht 0) + lp li nhiu ln (t nht 1) | chn 1 trong danh sch V d: => Mt trng c mt hay nhiu lp => Mt lp c mt hay nhiu hc sinh => Mi hc sinh c mt h tn => H tn hs bao gm h hs v tn hs ]> Ti liu XML 5-1 Ti liu nh ngha theo DTD 51. Chng 5. CC K THUT LP TRNH 41 XML schema Cc ni dung: Cch to element Cch to attribute V d: Tp tin schema: yourschema.xsd Ti liu XML 5-2 Ti liu nh ngha theo Schema 52. Chng 5. CC K THUT LP TRNH 42 Tp tin XML cha ni dung ng nh dng schema nh trn: FRED SAMSON EDWARD FREDERICKS XML PROGRAMING TEAM t> 5.2.3. Cc k thut M hnh DOM Khi ta Load mt XML file vo DOM, n t ng phn tch d liu XML xy dng mt tree (cy) gm nhiu node vi th bc cha, con bn trong. Mi node l mt element hoc mt attribute. V d: Quan st tp tin XML c ni dung: Ci60.0000HTI_001o thun nam c trnVngXanh Phn tch tp tin XML theo m hnh DOM, ta c cy nh sau: 53. Chng 5. CC K THUT LP TRNH 43 Hnh 5.5 M hnh DOM XPATH Bn c th dng XPath expression ch nh Location Path (li i n v tr) n node no hay trch ra (tr v) mt hay nhiu nodes tha ng iu kin yu cu. XPath expression c th l tuyt i, tc l ly node gc lm chun hay tng i, tc l khi u t node va mi c chn. Node y c gi l context node. ly node c tn l DonVi ta c: Location Path tuyt i: ChuongTrinhQuangCao/MatHang/DonVi Location Path tng i (Gi s MatHang l context node): MatHang/DonVi Mt s k hiu: 54. Chng 5. CC K THUT LP TRNH 44 Ta dng nhng k hiu nh slash / ( i xung cc nodes con, chu), mt chm. (ch nh context node) v hai chm.. (hay i ngc ln cc nodes t tin) cho cch vit tt trong XPath Location. V d: ../DonVi // Ly ra node MatHang l cha ca node DonVi trch ra cc nodes con chu, tc l cc nodes nhnh xa hn, mt double slash (//) trong c php. V d: MatHang//MauSac // Ly ra tt c cc node con chu ca MauSac Bn cng c th dng wildcards ni n nhng nodes m tn ca chng khng thnh vn . V d, du asterisk (*) wildcard ch nh bt c node tn no. Location path sau y chn tt c cc nodes con ca element MatHang: MatHang/* Dng iu kin trong Location Path: Ta c th gii hn s nodes ly v bng cch gn thm iu kin sng lc vo location path. Ci iu kin gii hn mt hay nhiu nodes c thp vo expression bn trong mt cp ngoc vung ([]). Th d, ly ra mi element MatHang c attribute MaMatH ang bang QUANAO_001, bn c th dng XPath expression sau y: MatHang[@MaMatHang=QUANAO_001] 5.3. SQL Server Full Text Search 5.3.1. Gii thiu Full-Text Searching SQL Sever Full Text Search l mt tin ch min ph ca MS SQL 2000. y l cng c tm kim c hiu qu trn c s d liu. Phng thc tm kim Full-Text p dng vic so snh chui tng t nh cng ngh tm kim trn internet. Kt qu tm kim tr v l kt qu cng vi im s ca vic tm kim. Phng thc tm kim Full-Text tin hnh vic tm kim mt t bng cch tm kim trong cc mnh , cc nhm t. Thm vo , nu l cc vn bn word hay excel 55. Chng 5. CC K THUT LP TRNH 45 c lu trong c s d liu, vc tm kim trn cc file ny ging nh vic tm kim trn mt trng c kim d liu l nvarchar. Phng thc tm kim Full-Text ch c dng khi ci t thm dch v mi: Microsoft Search. Phng thc tm kim khng b qun l bi dch v MSSQL Sever. Phng thc tm kim Full Text lm vic da trn ch mc c bit c cha trong mt danh mc. Cc danh mc c dung h tr vic tm kim ny nm ngai MDF, v c lu gi trn mt file vt l ring bt. Microsoft Search Hnh 5.6 M hnh Microsoft Serch Dch v Microsoft Search c 2 cng vic chnh l: h tr vic ch mc v h tr vic truy vn. H tr vic ch mc bao gm nhim v nh ngha danh mc v ch mc m n bao gm, to ra chng cng nh vic cp nht d liu. Khi cc cu truy vn c pht ra, cng vic th hai ca Microsoft Search bt u tm kim ch mc ca danh mc no c trong cu truy vn yu cu. Khi tm ra, Microsoft Search tr v cc dng c chn, cng vi mt xut hin nu c yu cu v cho dch v SQL Sever han tt cu truy vn. 56. Chng 5. CC K THUT LP TRNH 46 5.3.2. Qu trnh thc hin Full-Text Search Bc 1: Ci t v chy dch v full-text search: Kim tra xem trong SQL Sever Service c dch v Microsoft Search khng. Nu khng, th tin hnh ci thm dch v Microsoft trong MS SQL Sever. Vo Service ca h iu hnh khi ng dch v Microsoft Search. Bc 2: Thit lp ch muc Full text trn bng ca c s d lu: bc ny ta xc nh bng cn to ch mc (cn tm kim), ri to ch mc trn bng theo hng dn ca SQL Bc 3: Xc nh ch mc va to vi bng: Bi v ch mc va to ra bc 2 trong danh mc va to l rng, nn cn xc nh danh mc vi cc record trong bng. Bc 4: Thc hin cu truy vn free text trn c s d liu: Sau khi thc hin b3 v b4, th bn c th thc hin truy vn tm kt qu ph hp. Bn c th dng cc v t: FREETEXT, CONTAINS hay cc hm FREETEXTTABLE, CONTAINSTABLE trong cu truy vn V t FREETEXT C php : SELECT < danh sch cc trng cn ly > FROM < bng > WHERE FREETEXT (< trng cn tm kim>, ) VD: Select Title from Books FREETEXT (*, Junggle) V t FREETEXT khng quan tm n cc tan t logic AND, OR Select Title from Books FREETEXT (*, Home and Jungle) Ly ra cc ta sch (Title) sao cho cun sch c t Home hay Jungle V t CONTAINS C php : SELECT < danh sch cc trng cn ly > FROM < bng > WHERE CONTAINS (< trng cn tm kim>, ) VD: Select Title from Books FREETEXT (*, Junggle) V t CONTAINS quan tm n cc tan t logic AND,OR 57. Chng 5. CC K THUT LP TRNH 47 Select Title from Books FREETEXT (*, Home and Jungle) Ly ra cc ta sch (Title) sao cho cun sch c t Home v Jungle Hm FREETEXTABLE Hm ny hat ng ging nh v t FREETEXT nhng c cu trc khc nhau C php : SELECT * FROM FREETEXTABLE (,,) Kt qu tr ra gm 1 bng c 2 ct KEY v RANK. Trong , KEY l ct kha chnh ca bng cn tm v RANK l ct cha ph hp gia dng d liu c kha l KEY so vi yu cu tm kim. Ct RANK c gi tr t 0 -> 1000. Gi tr ca ct RANK cng cao th dng cng ph hp vi iu kin tm kim. VD: Select * from FREETEXTABLE (Books, *, Jonh) Kt qu tr v nh sau: KEY RANK B004 66 B005 68 Trong B004 v B005 l kha ca bng cn tm. Hm CONTAINSTABLE Hm ny hat ng ging nh v t FREETEXT nhng c cu trc khc nhau C php : SELECT * FROM CONTAINSTABLE (,,) 58. Chng 6. GII THIU NG DNG 48 Chng 6. GII THIU NG DNG 6.1. Pht biu bi tan 6.1.1. M t Hin nay trn thc t, cc siu th kinh doanh trc tun c cc chc nng nh sau : Tip nhn sn phm t pha cng ty . Trnh by ln trang web gii thiu vi khch hng . Khi khch hng vo mua hng, siu th phi cung cp cho mi khch hng mt gi hng cha cc mt hng cn mua . Khch mua hng c th b li mt hng chn hay thm mt hng mi vo gi hng. Khi khch hng han tt vic chn la hng ha, siu th tin hnh tnh tin cho khch hng. i vi tng siu th th c mt gii hn v thi gian thay i gi hng khc nhau . Siu th phi m nhn nhim v qun l chng trnh khuyn mi do cng ty a ra i vi mt hng . Ngai ra , c mt s siu th in t cn qun l thm thng tin khch hng dng lm t liu tham kho cho khch hng n sau . Ca hng SIEU TH.COM ca chng em xy dng cng m nhim nhng cng vic ca mt siu th n t thng thng : qung co sn phm , mua hng , qun l chng trnh khuyn mi ... Nhng vai tr ca nhng ngi tham gia vo hat ng siu th c s thay i so vi cc siu in t hin nay : Thng thng ,cc siu th in t k kt hp ng vi cc cng ty . Cc cng ty ny gi thng tin hng ha n b phn nhp liu ca siu th nhp thng tin v mt hng . Sau , qu trnh mua bn u do siu th m trch . Cng ty han tan khng c mi quan h no vi khch hng . Nhng i vi h thng SIEUTHI.COM , chng em thay i vai tr ca cng ty. Ngi nhp d liu v mt hng l cng ty . Bi v , s lng cng ty m siu th in t c mi quan h mua bn rt nhiu .Cho nn , s lng 59. Chng 6. GII THIU NG DNG 49 mt hng mi cng c rt nhiu .Thm vo , l s thay i thng tin mt hng cng khng phi t. Do , b phn m nhn vic nhp liu khng th lm ht cng vic ca mnh nu s lng mt hng qu ln . iu lm cho cc thng tin cc mt hng c cng nh cc mt hng mi khng c cp nht kp thi . Dn n vic lm mt lng ca khch hng do thiu sn phm mi . Ngc li vic cc cng ty gi vai tr nhp liu gip cho h thng hat ng tt hn . ng thi , siu th cn gim i chi ph thu ngi nhp liu v bo tr d liu cho mt hng . Khi cng ty gi vai tr nhp liu , vn t ra cho SIUTH.COM : cng ty nhp d liu nh th no m bo d liu chnh xc v thng tin m h thng ly t cng ty ng theo mong mn ca cng ty . Hn na ,vi mt s lng ln sn phm , nu cng ty phi nhp bng tay l mt vic lm rt kh khn . Cho nn , chng em xy dng thm mt ng dng nh chy pha client (cng ty ) gip cho cng ty kt xut d liu t c s d liu ca cng ty . Nh , m cng vic nhp liu tr nn d dng v nh nhng hn . Khng ch dng li vic h tr nhp liu , h thng cn phi to iu kin cho cng ty thay i thng tin v mt hng m bo khch hng lun nhn c nhng thng tin mi nht , chnh xc nht v mt hng . mi cng ty u c th qung co mi sn phm ca cng ty , h thng h tr mt c s d liu c kh nng cha mi loi sn phm vi bt k thuc tnh no. a phn siu th in t hin nay ch kinh doanh mt hay mt vi loi sn phm nht nh no chng hn nh Amazon.com th chuyn kinh doanh v sch , thegiomobi.com th ch kinh doanh v in thoi di ng Cho nn , khi mt cng ty mun ng k qung co thm mt loi mt hng mi th siu th ny li khng th h tr . Cn i vi h thng SIEUTHI.COM , nu cng ty yu cu qung co mt loi mt hng chng hn nh Sa bt tr em m SIEUTHI.COM khng h kinh doanh loi mt hng ny th cng ty c th yu cu ngi qun tr thm loi mt hng ny mt cch d dng . Vic qun l nhiu thng tin v nhiu loi mt hng i 60. Chng 6. GII THIU NG DNG 50 hi h thng phi trnh by mt hng vi mi thng tin cho d l c im ca mt hng c 1 gi tr hay nhiu gi tr . i vi khch hng , vic tham gia ca cng ty vo qu trnh kinh doanh ca siu th gip cho khch hng an tm hn v sn phm mnh mua . ng thi , h thng cn xy dng thm chc nng gii thiu v cng ty to iu kin cho khch hng hiu thm v cng ty . Khi vo mua hng trong siu th , iu lm cho khch hng lng tng nht chnh l bit chn sn phm no , cng ty no cho ph hp vi nhu cu ca mnh . gii quyt phn no kh khn ny , h thng xy dng chc nng tm kim theo tiu ch . Nhng tiu ch ny i din cho nhng yu cu ca khch hng v mt loi mt hng no .Chng hn nh : Sch tin hc hay c xem nh l mt tiu ch. V kt qu nh gi ca nhng tiu ch c rt ra t kin thm d t khch hng . Vi vic tin hnh t ng t khu nhp qung co n khu mua hng , thanh tan hng , vic qun l chng trnh khuyn mi cng cn c tin hnh. Hn nay trn th trng c rt nhiu hnh thc khuyn mi . C chng trnh khuyn mi da trn iu kin s tin mua tin hnh khuyn mi , c chng trnh khuyn mi ch cn da trn gii tnh hay ngy sinh th tin hnh khuyn mi Do , a phn cc siu th khng qun l khuyn mi hoc nu c th ch qun l mt s hnh thc ph bin .i vi h thng SIUTH.COM , chc nng qun l khuyn mi gii quyt c phn ln hnh thc v iu kin khuyn mi ra . Tuy chc nng ch qun l c nhng chng trnh khuyn mi no c ch khuyn mi tng km , gim % , gim s lng tin . Nhng chc nng ny c th qun l c phn ln cc iu kin khuyn mi a ra. H thng c kh nng xc nh sn phm no c khuyn mi , v khuyn mi nh th no. Ngai ra , h thng c th cho khch hng bit c sn phm no trong gi hng c chng trnh khuyn mi v khch hng s c khuyn mi g vi 61. Chng 6. GII THIU NG DNG 51 sn phm .Do c ch duyt t ch khuyn mi t cao xung thp m bo cho khch hng bao gi cng c hng ch khuyn mi ti a . H thng SIUTH.COM khng ch thch hp hat ng trong lnh vc mua bn trc tuyn . Hn th na , h thng c th m nhn cng vic qun l mt siu th kinh doanh bnh thng . Khi , ngi thu ngn s ng vai tr l ngi mua . Tm li , vi vic tn dng u im c s d liu phn tn - cc c s d liu pha cng ty v c s d liu tp trung pha server , h thng SIUTH.COM c kh nng qun l mt siu th ln vi y cc loi mt hng vi chi ph thp (do khng tn tin thu nhn cng nhp liu). ng thi,siu th c kh nng qun l v kinh doanh mi loi mt hng p ng rt nhiu yu cu ca khch hng . Vi cng c tm kim gip cho khch hng tm c sn phm ph hp v vi cng c qun l a s cc chng trnh khuyn mi , hy vng h thng SIUTH.COM s l mi trng kinh doanh thun li cho cc cng ty v l ni mua sm l tng tha mn nhu cu ca nhiu khch hng. 6.1.2. Yu cu h thng Cng ty: Thm, xa, sa qung co cho mt hng bt k Thm, xa, sa chng trnh khuyn mi Xem danh sch t hng hin ti ca cc khch hng Thay i thng tin cng ty Khch hng: Xem danh mc mt hng v mt hng Mua hng Thay i gi hng Xem n t hng trong qu kh Xem gi hng hin ti Tm kim mt hng Xem chng trnh qung co Thay i thng tin khch hng 62. Chng 6. GII THIU NG DNG 52 6.2. S s dng T thc trng trn v tnh hnh thng mi in t, h thng siu th c xy dng gm cc chc nng nh sau: Dang nhap Xem hang hoa Dang ky la thanh vien mua hang Dong gop y kien cho mat hang Tim kiem thong tin mat hang Dang ky la thanh vien ban hang Xem danh muc hang hoa Xem thong tin cong ty Nguoi dung Quan ly thong tin cong ty Quan ly thong tin khach hang Tiep nhan don dat hang Quang cao MH Cong ty Quan ly CT khuyen mai Dat mua hang Khach hang Xem hoa don trong qua khu Hnh 6.1 Lc use case 63. Chng 6. GII THIU NG DNG 53 6.3. c t use case 6.3.1. Danh sch use case Tc nhn chnh Tn use case Ngi dng ng nhp Ngi dng ng k l thnh vin mua mt hng ca siu th Ngi dng Xem danh mc hng ha Ngi dng ng gp kin cho mt hng Ngi dng ng k l thnh vin bn hng ca siu th Khch hng Tin hnh khuyn mi Khch hng t mua hng Khch hng Qun l thng tin khch hng Khch hng Xem n t hng trong qu kh Cng ty Qun l thng tin cng ty Cng ty Thm chng trnh qung co Cng ty Chnh sa chng trnh qung co Cng ty Xa chng trnh qung co Cng ty Tip nhn n t hng Cng ty Thm chng trnh khuyn mi Cng ty Chnh sa chng trnh khuyn mi Cng ty Xa chng trnh khuyn mi Bng 6.1 Danh sch use case 6.3.2. M t chi tit ng nhp Tc nhn: Ngi dng M t: M t cch ngi dng login vo h thng iu kin cn: iu kin : Dng s kin chnh: 1. Ngi dng nhp username v password. 2. H thng kim tra xem user name v password c tn ti trong c s d liu khng. Nu c, h thng thng bo thao tc ng nhp thnh cng. Cc dng s kin ph: 1. Nu ngi dng khng nhp user name v password, h thng yu cu actor nhp y cc thng tin trn. 2. Nu trong h thng khng tn ti thnh vin c username v password nh ngi dng nhp, h thng yu cu nhp li. Yu cu c bit: Bng 6.2 Use case ng nhp 64. Chng 6. GII THIU NG DNG 54 ng k l thnh vin mua mt hng ca siu th Tc nhn: Ngi dng M t: M t qu trnh ng k tr thnh khch hng c quyn mua mt hng trn web site iu kin cn: iu kin : Dng s kin chnh: 1. Ngi dng yu cu ng k tham gia vi vai tr l ngi mua mt hng. Trang ng k dnh cho khch hng mua mt hng m ra. Ngi dng in mt s thng tin sau: H, Tn, Mt khu, Xc nhn li mt khu, Email, Cu hi b mt, Cu tr li b mt, in thoi, Di ng, Quc gia, Thnh ph, a ch, Cc loi hng ha m ngi dng quan tm. 2. Ngi dng yu cu ng k. Trang web tin hnh kim tra phiu ng k ca ngi dng c tha mn cc thng tin sau hay khng : Phi nhp vo y nhng thng tin bt buc (nhng thng tin c du *) Thng tin 2 : Mt khu v Xc nhn mt khu phi trng khp vi nhau han tan. Thng tin email phi chnh xc l c k t @.xxxx v khng c trng. 3. Sau khi phiu ng k y cc yu cu trn th tin hnh ng k cho ngi dng ny. D liu ca khch hng c lu vo c s d liu. Sau vic lu d liu thnh cng, h thng s t ng gi th v cho ngi dng thng bo vic ng k thnh cng. Cc dng s kin ph: 1. Nu ngi dng nhp khng y thng tin th hin th bo li Khch hng cha nhp thng tin 2. Nu ngi dng nhp thng tin Mt khu v Xc nhn mt khu khng trng nhau th bo li l Khch hng nhp Mt khu v Xc nhn mt khu khng trng nhau Yu cu c bit: Bng 6.3 Use case ng k l thnh vin mua hng 65. Chng 6. GII THIU NG DNG 55 Xem danh mc hng ha Tc nhn: Ngi dng M t: M t qu trnh xem danh mc hng ha c s phn loi theo 2 cp v xem thng tin chi tit ca 1 mt hng iu kin cn: iu kin : Dng s kin chnh: 1. Ngi mua xc nh danh mc (loi hng ha) mnh cn xem. Khi ngi dng chn mt loi hng ha cn tm, h thng s hin th tt c cc mt hng ca lai ny. Thng tin hin th ra ch l thng tin trch dn ca thng tin v mt hng , bao gm cc thng tin nh sau: Tn, Gi, Hnh nh. Trong , mi ci tn hay mi hnh nh u lin kt n mt trang m t v thng tin chi tit ca mt hng ny. 2. Khch hng nhn vo 1 trong 2 mi lin kt th h thng s hin th ra thng tin chi tit v mt hng ny gm c: Tn, Gi, Hnh nh, M mt hng, Cng ty sn xut, M t chi tit, S lng mt hng hin c Cc dng s kin ph: Chng trnh s thng bo cho khch hng bit nu khch hng chn mt danh mc m khng c mt hng no thuc danh mc . Yu cu c bit: Bng 6.4 Use case xem danh mc hng ho t mua hng Tc nhn: Khch hng M t: M t qu trnh khch hng mua hng mong mun.y chnh l nhim v qun l n t hng ca khch hng. iu kin cn: iu kin : Dng s kin chnh: Sau khi ngi dng ng nhp thnh cng, h thng s ly thng tin v gi hng ca ngi dng (cc mt hng hin c, gi tin ca cc mt hng, tng tin ) 1. Thc hin thm, xa, sa mt hng trong gi hng Thm mt hng: Ngi dng chn mt hng mong mun, sau yu cu cho vo gi hng. H thng xc nh thng tin v i tng va mi c chn: m mt hng, gi tin, lai 66. Chng 6. GII THIU NG DNG 56 mt hng, s lng mt hng hn cn. Trong khi mua hng, ngi dng c th yu cu tm ngng vic t hng. H thng s lit k ra tt c cc mt hng: tn, gi c ca tng mt hng v tng tin. ng thi h thng xc nh khuyn mi ca mt hng (nu c) ri tnh tng s tin ca gi hng hin ti m khch hng ang mua. Cc thng tin v n t hng c lu tm thi pha server Xa mt hng: Ngi dng chn mt mt hng trong gi hng ri yu cu xa mt hng , h thng cp nht tm thi li n t hng pha server. iu chnh s lng: Ngi dng chnh li s lng mt hng ca mt mt hng bt k. Sau khi chnh xong, h thng cp nht tm thi n hng pha server 2. Ngi dng yu cu cp nht n t hng, h thng s tin hnh kim tra tnh hp l ca n t hng : Cc mt hng c mua phi c s lng nh hn s lng hin c trong h thng. H thng s xa i n t hng c cha c tip nhn bi cc cng ty (nu c), cng nh cc chng trnh khuyn mi lin quan n cc mt hng.Sau , h thng s lu n t hng tm ny vo trong c s d liu. ng thi, h thng cng xc nh chng trnh khuyn mi cho tng mt hng trong n t hng mi ny. 3. Khi n t hng c lu vo c s d liu, h thng s gi mail thng bo v n t hng thnh cng n cho khch hng, trong lit k ra cc mt hng m khch hng mua v cc khuyn mi m khch hng nhn c nu c. Cc dng s kin ph: 1. Nu khch hng cha ng nhp thnh cng th h thng yu cu khch hng ng nhp. 2. Nu h thng kim tra s lng mt hng hin c ca mt hng t mua =0 th h thng s thng bo cho khch hng bit l Mt hng hin ht hng , v ngh lu li khi no c hng s thng bo cho khch hng bit thng qua email. 3. Khi lu chi tit n t hng vo c s d liu, nu s lng mt hng ca mt hng t mua no = 0 th mt hng khng c ghi nhn vo n t hng. Yu cu c bit: Bng 6.5 Use case t mua hng 67. Chng 6. GII THIU NG DNG 57 Tin hnh chng trnh khuyn mi Tc nhn: Khch hng M t: M t qu trnh xc nh khuyn mi cho mt mt hng iu kin cn: iu kin : Dng s kin chnh: Ngi dng yu cu cp nht n t hng. H thng xc nh chng trnh khuyn mi dnh mt mt hng cho tng mt hng trong n t hng. Nu c h thng s xc nh mt hng trong n t hng c tha iu kn ca chi tit khuyn mi no hay khng. Nu tha iu kin, h thng s xc nh ch khuyn mi dnh cho khch hng. Cc dng s kin ph: Yu cu c bit: Bng 6.6 Use case Tin hnh chng trnh khuyn mi ng gp kin cho mt hng Tc nhn: Ngi dung M t: M t qu trnh ng gp kin ca khch hng cho mt hng bt k iu kin cn: iu kin : Dng s kin chnh: 1. Khi xem gii thiu chi tit v mt mt hng, ngi dng yu cu ng gp kin cho mt hng . H thng m ra trang ng gp kin. 2. Ngi dng nhp kn hay yu cu ca mnh vo. 3. Ngi dng xc nhn ng vi kin . H thng gi kin v server lu li. Cc dng s kin ph: Nu khch hng cha ng nhp trc khi ng gp kin th khch hng yu cu khch hng ng nhp. Yu cu c bit: Bng 6.7 Use case ng gp kin cho mt hng 68. Chng 6. GII THIU NG DNG 58 ng k l thnh vin bn hng ca siu th Tc nhn: Ngi dng M t: M t qu trnh ng k tr thnh cng ty c quyn mua mt hng trn web site iu kin cn: iu kin : Dng s kin chnh: 1. Cng ty nhp y cc thng tin c lin quan, bao gm: Tn thc ca cng ty; a ch (s nh, ng, phng, qun/ huyn, tnh/thnh ph); in thoi; Email; Website; M dng lin lc; User name; Password. 2. Cng ty upload tp tin nh dng.txt cha thng tin m t v cng ty. 3. Cng ty yu cu h thng ghi nhn ng k. Khi , h thng lu thng tin ng k (bao gm c ni dung m