World War IWorld War I

Peace Is ReachedPeace Is Reached

12.512.5

Wilson’s Fourteen PointsWilson’s Fourteen Points

Armistice was only the first step Armistice was only the first step towards peacetowards peace1917- Wilson invited scholars to 1917- Wilson invited scholars to advise him on potential solutions for a advise him on potential solutions for a treatytreaty–Fourteen PointsFourteen Points

January 8, 1918January 8, 1918

Wilson presented his Fourteen Wilson presented his Fourteen Points to CongressPoints to Congress

Fourteen PointsFourteen Points- proposal to the - proposal to the Allies for a lasting peace for Allies for a lasting peace for Europe & the WorldEurope & the World

The Fourteen PointsThe Fourteen PointsSelf-determination Self-determination

–peoples right to govern themselvespeoples right to govern themselves

Causes of modern warfareCauses of modern warfare

–Secret Diplomacy, Arms Races, Secret Diplomacy, Arms Races, Trade Barriers, & Violations of the Trade Barriers, & Violations of the SeasSeas

The Fourteen PointsThe Fourteen Points

The Final PointThe Final Point–The League of NationsThe League of Nations

= An international body to = An international body to prevent future offensive warsprevent future offensive warsWhat present day organization What present day organization is based off of this idea?is based off of this idea?

The Paris Peace ConferenceThe Paris Peace Conference

January 18, 1919Deal with terms of Germany’s surrenderGoal: to create a lasting peace throughout the worldGermany and Russia not allowed to attend

The Big FourThe Big FourUSA – USA – –Woodrow WilsonWoodrow Wilson

Great Britain – Great Britain – –David Lloyd GeorgeDavid Lloyd George

France – France – –Georges ClemenceauGeorges Clemenceau

Italy – Italy – –Vittorio OrlandoVittorio Orlando

The Big FourThe Big Four

All but Wilson support huge war All but Wilson support huge war reparations for Germanyreparations for Germany

ReparationsReparations = $ to be repaid. = $ to be repaid.

Violates many aspects of Wilson’s Violates many aspects of Wilson’s 14 Points14 Points

The Treaty of VersaillesThe Treaty of Versailles

signed: June 28, 1919signed: June 28, 1919

““The terms of peace appear The terms of peace appear immeasurably harsh and immeasurably harsh and humiliating.”humiliating.” – – Sec. of State Sec. of State Robert LansingRobert Lansing

Results of the TreatyResults of the Treaty

GermanGerman colonies & colonies & Ottoman EmpireOttoman Empire divided among the Alliesdivided among the AlliesAustro-Hungarian EmpireAustro-Hungarian Empire broken broken apartapartCzechoslovakia and Yugoslavia Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia createdcreatedEstonia, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, and Poland re-establishedand Poland re-established

Results of the TreatyResults of the Treaty

France re-claimed Alsace-LorraineFrance re-claimed Alsace-LorraineGermany disarmed, forced to admit full Germany disarmed, forced to admit full responsibility for the war, and charged responsibility for the war, and charged billions in reparationsbillions in reparations– 11 billion = 70 yrs to pay off!!!11 billion = 70 yrs to pay off!!!The League of Nations is createdThe League of Nations is created

The Treaty Goes to the The Treaty Goes to the SenateSenate

Democrats would support the treaty Democrats would support the treaty

Republican support is neededRepublican support is needed

–(Republicans have majority)(Republicans have majority)

IrreconcilablesIrreconcilables14 Republican Senators who wanted 14 Republican Senators who wanted

nothing to do with Wilson’s League of nothing to do with Wilson’s League of NationsNations

Led by Led by Henry Cabot LodgeHenry Cabot LodgeReservationistsReservationists35 Republican Senators would support 35 Republican Senators would support

the treaty if it was alteredthe treaty if it was alteredDid not want to be committed to war in Did not want to be committed to war in

defense of other nations defense of other nations

Woodrow WilsonWoodrow Wilson

Speaking tour to gain support for Speaking tour to gain support for the treatythe treatySept. 25, 1919 – Sept. 25, 1919 – –Wilson complained of a headache Wilson complained of a headache

in Pueblo, COin Pueblo, CO

Suffered stroke in Washington Suffered stroke in Washington D.C.D.C.

The Fate of the TreatyThe Fate of the TreatyThe Treaty of Versailles would never The Treaty of Versailles would never pass through the Senatepass through the Senate

The United States would never join the The United States would never join the League of NationsLeague of Nations

Wilson goes to deathbed feeling that Wilson goes to deathbed feeling that he lied to American Publiche lied to American Public

The Impact of The Impact of World War IWorld War I

Statistical LossesStatistical LossesOver 8.5 – 10 million died in battleOver 8.5 – 10 million died in battle

21 million were wounded21 million were wounded

World-wide flu epidemic – 500,000 –World-wide flu epidemic – 500,000 –20 million die20 million die

Much of Europe including all of Much of Europe including all of Northern France was left in complete Northern France was left in complete ruinruin

Rapid InflationRapid Inflation

Harsh reparations put extreme strains Harsh reparations put extreme strains on the German economyon the German economy

Businesses that survived the war Businesses that survived the war could not keep up with demandcould not keep up with demand

Rapid inflation, especially in GermanyRapid inflation, especially in Germany