WORLD HISTORY – THE COLD WAR: UNIT 6

(Chapter 27) VOCABULARY

THE COMMIE SCARE, PT. 1

• • Truman Doctrine • stated that the US would provide money to countries threatened by

Communist expansion• • policy of containment • a plan to keep something, such as communism, within its existing

geographical boundaries and prevent further aggressive moves• • arms race • building up armies and stores of weapons to keep up with an enemy• • Central Treaty Organization • including Turkey, Iraq, Iran, Pakistan, Great Britain, and the US, this

organization intended to prevent the Soviet Union from expanding to the south.

There was a climate of fear during the 50s & 60s during the nuclear arms race

THE COMMIE SCARE, PT. 1• • Southeast Asia Treaty Organization • formed to stem Soviet aggression in the East, the United States,

Great Britain, France, Pakistan, Thailand, the Philippines, Australia, and New Zealand formed this organization.

• • Dean Acheson • US secretary of state who said "Like apples in a barrel infected by

disease, the corruption of Greece would infect Iran and all the East...likewise Africa, Italy, France...Not since Rome and Carthage had there been such a polarization of power on this earth."

• • domino theory • idea that, if one country falls to communism, neighboring

countries will also fall

THE DOMINO THEORY

POST-WWII RE-MAPPING THE WORLD

• • Marshall Plan • what followed the Truman Doctrine in June 1947...designed to rebuild the prosperity and

stability of war-torn Europe...underlying belief that Communist aggression was successful in countries where there were economic problems; Soviets viewed this as an attempt to buy other countries' support

• • Berlin • located deep in the Soviet Zone of Germany, this city was divided into four zones amongst the

US, the SU, Great Britain, and France.• • Federal Republic of Germany • created in September of 1949, otherwise known as West Germany (not communist).• • German Democratic Republic • created in 1949, also known as East Germany; set up by the Soviets (COMMUNIST).• • Charles de Gaulle • president of France after World War II; 1946: established a new government called the Fourth

Republic, but the power of the president was too weak; left politics and came back in 1958 to create a new constitution for the Fifth Republic that greatly enhanced the power of the president, which he became.

A barrier separated communist Berlin from free Berlin in Germany until it was removed in 1989

PEACE-KEEPING ATTEMPTS

• • North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) • formed in April 1949 when Belgium,

Luxembourg, France, the Netherlands, Great Britain, Italy, Denmark, Norway, Portugal, and Iceland signed a treaty with the United States and Canada to agree to provide mutual help if any one of them was attacked. West Germany, Turkey, and Greece joined a few years later.

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization is still in operation today

COMMIE AGREEMENTS

•• Warsaw Pact • In 1955, the Soviet Union, Albania,

Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, and Romania in (a formal military alliance) like the West had with NATO.

This was an alliance of Communists designed to expand Russia’s influence

THE SPACE RACE/LEADERS/& THE COMMUNIST RUSSIA FACTORY SYSTEM

• • Sputnik I the first human-made space satellite• • Nikita Khrushchev • emerged as the new leader of the Soviet Union in 1955 and tried

to take advantage of the American concern over missiles to solve the problem in West Berlin (remaining a Western island of prosperity in the midst of the relatively poverty-stricken East Germany, people were escaping as refugees to West Berlin from East Germany); initiated the construction of the Wall separating West Berlin from East Germany; agreed to not start nuclear war with US if the US did not attack Cuba

• • heavy industry • the manufacture of machines and equipment for factories and

mines

The first man-made object in space (by Russia)

REFORM IN THE USSR

• • de-Stalinization • the process of eliminating Stalin's more

ruthless policies• • Alexander Solzhenitsyn • author of "A Day in the Life of Ivan

Denisovich" (WORK CAMPS & DEHUMANIZATION)

Stalin’s death in 1953 ended decades of Soviet state-sponsored terror, but communism continued for 35 yrs.

COMMUNIST SATELLITE NATIONS

•• satellite state • a country that is economically

and politically dependent on another country (often used with the countries under the Soviet Union)

MODERATE PROTESTS AGAINST THE USSR BY SATELLITE NATIONS

• • Albania • after World War II, this country set up a Stalinist-type regime (Communist)

that became more and more independent of the Soviet Union everyday.• • Tito (Josip Broz) of Yugoslavia• ...the leader of the Communist resistance movement• ...after the war, he moved toward the creation of an independent Communist

state in Yugoslavia• ...Stalin wanted Yugoslavia, but this man refused to let them control their

country.• • Alexander Dubcek • elected first secretary of the Communist Party in Czechoslovakia in January

1968• ...hoped to create "socialism with a human face."• ...all of this was short-lived, because the soviet army came and invaded to

stop the government.

Czechs revolted against the Soviets in 1956 & later the USSR invaded them in 1968

STRONG PROTESTS AGAINST THE USSR BY SATELLITE NATIONS

• • Poland, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia • 3 countries that strongly opposed Soviet control

after Stalin's death...protests erupted in 1956• • Imre Nagy • the Hungarian leader who declared Hungary a free

nation on November 1, 1956• ...Soviets did not allow this, and attacked Budapest• ...he was executed 2 years later

Eastern Europeans protesting the USSR

FREE/DEMOCRATIC EUROPE

• • Christian Democratic Union (CDU) • lead by Konrad Adenauer, chancellor in West Germany...very

cooperative man who wanted to work with the US and France...under Adenauer, West Germany experienced an economic miracle guided by minister of finance, Ludwig Erhard

• • European Economic Community • (EEC); Common Market...free-trade area made up of the six

member nations which would impose no tariffs, or import charges, on each other's goods; with a total population of 165 million, this community was the world's largest exporter and purchaser of raw materials

• • bloc • a group of nations with a common purpose

Havel was a great Polish president who dumped communism there in 1989

ECONOMICS OF THE COLD WAR

• • welfare state • a state in which the government takes

responsibility for providing citizens with services such as health care (socialist)

• • real wages • the actual purchasing power of income• • consumer society • a society preoccupied with buying goods

Ex-communist countries are still trying to adjust & a black market has resulted

IMPORTANT COLD WAR FIGURES OF THE USA

• • John F. Kennedy • In the 60s, at the age of 43, this man became the

youngest man ever elected president in the US...• • Martin Luther King Jr. • leader of a growing movement for racial equality

in the United States who led a march on Washington D.C. to dramatize the African American desire for equality...advocated the action of passive disobedience

A FEW SOCIAL FACTORS OF COLD WAR AMERICA

• • women's liberation • movement a feminist movement in the late

60s• • Simone de Beauvoir • her work was of great important to the

women's liberation movement...published "The Second Sex"...