WORLD HISTORYChapter 12

The Early Middle Ages481-1100

Middle Ages soldier

Men’s clothing

Royal men

Wealthy men

Shields

Women clothing

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Peasants• colors of their clothing

– plain, gray, brown, dark blue or red.   The gowns they would then weave for themselves were long.   The tunics under them were sleeveless. 

–   cold weather -sheepskin cloaks and woolen hats and mittens were worn. 

•     Linen underwear were cleaned on a regular basis.  The outer clothing, though, was almost never washed. 

The early European Kingdoms

• Middle age – (Medieval) time between the fall of Rome and

the beginning of what is know as modern history

• Time of powerful church leadership and tightly woven communities

Geography of Western Europe

• Covered by thick forest• Swift rivers for ship travel• Cut off from troubled Rome

People of the middle agesGermanic

• Organized into small farming and herding groups

• Spoke Germanic languages• Nomadic people• Groups lead by strongest warrior

The Franks

• Clovis– leader of several Germanic people– Had similar cultures and language

Clovis-Uniting the Franks

• Conquered Gaul• Gaul

– France, Belgium, Northern Italy and Western Germany

• Converted to Christianity– Gained support of Gaul’s people, leaders of

Rome and the Powerful Roman Catholic church

Charlemagne

• Charles the Great (French/ Charlemagne)• Improved culture, education and laws

within his kingdom• Was a Christian King and made his people

change to Christianity also

Charlemagne the Rome Emperor

• Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne The holy Roman Emperor

• This helped the Pope with his problem with the emperor in Constantinople (sole ruler over Roman territories).

Continued…..

1. Gave the Romans an emperor (since 476)2. Gave Charlemagne the blessing of the Church3. Established the idea that the Pope had the

power to crown an emperor

The idea that the Pope had the power to crown an emperor comes under attack later

Education

• Charlemagn wanted all to learn to read and write.

• Character of Modern Thought– Organize village school– School in the palace– Schools for the Priests and clergy

Cultural Revival

• Books-produced by monks• Bibles• Kept historical records • Interest in all of his kingdom

Decline of Charlemagne

• Died 814• 30 years of conflict

– 3 grandsons signed the Treaty of Verdun– Divided Empire into 3 kingdoms– This kingdoms were also invaded– Charlemagne’s standard of learning and

governing remained a model for many centuries

Section 2

Feudalism and the Manor System

The Viking

The Viking Invasions

• Scandinavia• Norseman, Northman• Warriors, craftsmen, traders, travelers• Christians• Settled- Greenland, Iceland, Canada,

Newfoundland• Discovered American?

Feudalism

• Social structure

The feudal manor-Nobles granted large

parcels of land as a reward for their loyalty

• King- Lord/Knight– Granted large parcels of land as a reward for

their loyalty – The noble owed his loyalty and support

(military) to the king• Lord---Vassal

– Lord agreed to protect his vassals– Vassal pledged his loyalty – Agreed to work the lord’s land– 40 days in military service– Make small payment to the Lord

• Knighthood– Code of conduct

• loyal, brave, honest, respect women, defend the weak and less privileged

– Good warrior• More land, more vassals, more money, more

power,• Supply horses, food, clothing, equipment for his

servants who followed him into battle and to the people living within his manor.

Peasants extremely hard and harsh life. • had to obey their local lord to whom they

had sworn an oath of obedience on the Bible.

• paid taxes or rent.• paid a tax to the church called a tithe.

10% tax on the value of what he had farmed.

Feudal womenPeasant/serfs

• stayed home with the children, do the house chores and feed the animals.

• She would also gather food from the garden. • Their houses

dried cow dung and some hay. • usually a one room

animals would live inside the house. • not allowed to marry unless given permission by

the lord of the manor.  

Feudal womenladies of the manor

• Responsible for the running of the household

• Checked on peasants• Supervised the buying, preparation and

preserving of the food• Care for the sick• Entertain guests in their homes• Defended the manor when lord is away

Castles

• Home of the Lord• Protection

– High walls– Moat of water– Supply of food weapons– Symbols of wealth and status

Technology brings improvement in farming

• Iron plow• Harnessing animals• Crop rotation• New ideas for treatment of serfs

Knighthood

• Devoted to his earthly feudal lord• Heavenly lord• His chosen lady• Protecting the weak

• Knighthood training– Young age– Knighted traveled– Gained fighting experience– Tournaments

• Mock battles

Cowardly knights

• Public shame– Armor stripped off– Shield was cracked– Spurs were cut off– Sword broken over his head– Threw into a coffin and dragged to the church– Pries would chant a mock funeral service

Chivalry

• Undying love for a lady• Epic poetry

– Legendary heroes,– hero’s deeds– Love of his lady

• Troubadours– Poet musicians at the castles and courts of

Europe– Songs of joys sorrows of romantic love

Section 3

The Church in Medieval Times

The Roman Catholic Church

• Everyone worshiped according to the rules of the church.

• Provided a common meeting place and set of beliefs.

• King was not equal to the power of the Pope

Power structure of the Church

Religion in Everyday village lifeThe parish Priest

• Only contact with the Church• Was the center of village life• Usually only educated person• Performed ceremonies• Cared for the sick and poor• Ran schools• Was paid by the parishioners

Living your religion

• Monasteries – Male-monks– Vows of poverty, purity and obedience– Wrote books, raised sheep, other works

• Convents– Female- Nuns– Rich girls who brought money and land – Were in charge– Later accepted all social classes

Growth of the Church

• Many wealthy people asked for prayers and salvation for their souls--gave land/ money for services

• Church grew as land owners and more powerful

Change/ New religious orders

Power of the Church

• Pope held supreme power on Earth• Pope spoke with the voice of GOD• Ultimate weapon- excommunication• Religion was a shield from evil forces• Everyone feared the authority of the Pope

Cathedrals

Cathedral Architecture

Gothic style

Anti-Semitism

• Attacks and prejudice• Restricted from owning land from working

in most professions• Traded with European Christians and

Middle east Muslims• Bankers/loans to Nobles and Wealthy

Europeans