world geography todaychapter 16 southern europe and the balkans preview section 1: the iberian...

World Geography Today Chapter 16

Southern Europe and the Balkans

Preview

Section 1: The Iberian Peninsula

Section 2: The Italian Peninsula

Section 3: Greece and the Balkan Peninsula

Chapter Wrap-Up


Read to Discover

• How have past events affected Spain?

• How is Portugal both similar to and different from Spain?



• Great seafaring country, spreading language and religion around the world

• Ruled by various peoples—Romans, Moors, Christians—who brought religion, irrigation, new crops, crafts, trades, universities

• Built world empire in 1500s

• Shaken by wars in 1800s and 1900s

• Civil war in 1936 led to Franco dictatorship

• Constitutional monarchy today; 17 regions have different levels of autonomy


Effect of History on Spain


Question

What are the similarities and differences between Spain and Portugal?



Spain

Portugal

Early History

Romans, Moors

Romans, Moors

Language ReligionColonial

TerritoriesRecent History Economy

Spanish (Latin root), Basque, Catalan

Portuguese (Latin root)

Catholicism

Catholicism

Americas, Pacific, Africa

Brazil, Angola, Mozambique, Timor

Democratic transition, independence movements, immigration

European Union, democracy, immigration

Tourism, textiles, autos, agricultural products

Tourism, cork, wine


Comparison of Spain and Portugal


Read to Discover

• How has Italy’s history affected its culture?

• What is Italy like today?



Romans

Huge empire; developed language,

laws, architecture;

spread Christianity

Middle Ages

Trade in cities like Florence,

Genoa, and Venice;

increased wealth

Unification

Tremendous growth in economy

and industry; membership

in NATO and EU

RenaissanceRenewed interest in

learning; great developments in architecture, painting, and

sculpture

HISTORIC ITALY



Economy

Agricultural and manufactured products sold

around the world (automobiles,

designer clothes, fine food); north: rich, industrial; south: poorer,

agricultural

MODERN ITALY

Culture

Roman Catholic; Italian language; some

northerners speak French, German, or

Slovene; food: sauces, pastas, sausages, pastries; afternoon

rest; famous historical buildings; democracy

Current Issues

Southern Italy’s economy with

high poverty and unemployment; soil erosion and deforestation;

aging population; low birthrate;

pollution



• Roman Empire left strong cultural legacy—Language, laws, architecture

• Growth of Roman Catholic Church had major impact

• Trade and wealth of Italian cities in Middle Ages produced Renaissance art and culture

• Many foods can be traced to the 1400s


Effects of History on Italian Culture


The Capital of Italy, Rome


Ferrari, Italian Sports car (mine’s in the shop)


• Modern developed country

• Noted exports—Cars, fashion, foods

• Two main economic regions—Industrial, wealthy north; poorer, agricultural south

• Main cities—Milan, Genoa, Turin, Rome, Bologna, Florence, Trieste, Venice, Naples

• Challenges—Developing the south; aging population; pollution


Italy Today


Read to Discover

• How did Greece develop into a modern country?

• Why are the western Balkans politically unstable?

• What changes are occurring in the eastern Balkans?



Question

How have the economy, society, and government of Greece changed over time?



Government

Historically, independent city-

states; birthplace of democracy; controlled

by Romans and Ottoman Turks;

military rule after 1967; democracy since

1974

GREECE

Economy

Once poor and agricultural, now modernizing and industrializing;

joined EC in 1981; rapid

urbanization causing pollution

Society and CultureIncorporated foreign

influences; great contributions to the arts, government,

philosophy, science, and sports; higher levels of education;

increasing opportunities

for women



• Include Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Slovenia, Serbia, Montenegro

• Political instability in the western Balkans results from a long history of invasions, foreign control, and ethnic conflict.

• Area has one of the most diverse human populations in Europe.

• Ottoman Turks controlled much of the area by the late 1300s.


Western Balkans


• After World War I, various Slavic peoples (including the Bosnians, Croats, Macedonians, Montenegrins, Serbs, and Slovenes) united as Yugoslavia.

• Communist rule maintained unity after World War II.

• End of communism allowed revival of ethnic and political rivalries.

• Yugoslavia split up; violence erupted between Serbs, Croats, Muslims, and Albanians.


Western Balkans (continued)


• Many changes are taking place since the collapse of communism, during the difficult transition to democracy and free-market economies.

• Moldova—Struggling agricultural economy

• Bulgaria—Seeking to attract modern industries

• Romania—Trying to expand and diversify economy

• Common Problems—Low standard of living, health care, clean water, housing, emigration


Eastern Balkans


Chapter Wrap-Up Understanding the Main Ideas

1. How have events in Spain’s history influenced other areas of the world?

2. How does Portugal’s history mirror Spain’s?

3. Which of Italy’s two major regions is the richest and most industrialized? Why?

4. How has urbanization contributed to environmental problems in Greece?

5. What factors have shaped the boundaries of Yugoslavia (now Serbia and Montenegro)?

world geography todaychapter 16 southern europe and the balkans preview section 1: the iberian...

Documents

world geography todaychapter

italian peninsula slide

iberian peninsula slide

world empire

spain slide

world automobiles

portugal slide

wine section