workforce development pillar of g -pst

Webinar on

Workforce Development Pillar of G-PST

March 31, 2021

NREL | 2

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Global Power System Transformation Consortium | 3

Agenda

Item Speaker Duration

Introduction and housekeeping Isabel McCan (NREL) 5 mins

Overview of G-PST Sadie Cox (NREL) 5 mins

Pillar 3 – Workforce development

Value of workforce development Julia Matevosyan (ERCOT) 5 mins

Overview of pillar 3 activities Balarko Chaudhuri (Imperial College) 10 mins

Teaching agendaMark O’Malley (ESIG)Vijay Vittal (Arizona State)Tim Green (Imperial College)

25 mins

Other aspects Tim Green (Imperial College) 10 mins

Questions and answers Moderated by Isabel McCan (NREL) 15 mins

NREL – National Renewable Energy LaboratoryERCOT – Electricity Reliability Council of TexasESIG - Energy Systems Integration Group


Speakers

Sadie Cox, NRELDirector, G-PST Interim

Secretariat

Balarko Chaudhuri Imperial College London

Pillar 3 Lead

Isabel McCan, NRELCommunications Lead

G-PST Interim Secretariat

Julia MatevosyanLead Planning Engineer

ERCOT

Vijay VittalRegents’ Professor

Arizona State University

Tim Green,Imperial College London

Pillar 3 Lead

Mark O’MalleyESIG

Pillar 1 Lead

G-PST Overview


Global Power SystemTransformation (G-PST) Consortium

What?A new global Consortium

focused on support to power system operators with

advanced high RE & other

low-emission solutions

G-PST Core Team Technical Institutes

Founding System Operators

How?5 Pillars

1. System Operator Research and Peer

Learning2. System Operator

Technical Assistance 3. Workforce Development

4. Localized Technology Adoption Support

5. Open Tools and Data

Who?

Developing Country System Operators - Confirmed partners - Indonesia,

Vietnam, India, South Africa, and Peru

Interim Secretariat- NREL


Upcoming Activities and How You Can Engage

• Engage in our webinar series:– Pillar 4 webinar – April 27 - Impact of Inverter Based Generation on Bulk Power System Dynamics

and Short-Circuit Performance

• Keep an eye out for information about our side event on April 21 on the sidelines of President Biden’s Leaders Summit on Climate

• Join our network to receive webinar invitations, bimonthly newsletter and other important updates -https://globalpst.org/get-involved/.

• Engage in our regional peer learning networks and/or pillar groups – submit interest in particular pillars through the website - https://globalpst.org/get-involved/

• Reach out to our email below to explore remote light touch technical assistance.

• Feel free to send us any questions or feedback!

[email protected]

https://globalpst.org/get-involved/


mailto:[email protected]

G-PST Pillar 3: Workforce Development

Why workforce development?


Overview of pillar 3

• Facilitate development of workforce that is prepared to plan and operate power systems with high fractions of VRE and IBR

• Workforce development

– Upskilling of existing workforce

– Revamping post-graduate power engineering education

– Inclusive and diverse

VRE – Variable Renewable Energy resourcesIBR – Inverter Based Resources


Approach

• Develop teaching/training material on ‘forward looking’ topics– leverage existing open-source material

• 3–6-hour lecture on each topic for customized integration into existing curriculum

• TAG identified about 100 such topics under 9 broad areas for wider consultation

• Context setting and motivational material to promote interest and diversity

• Delivery through local university partnersTAG – Teaching Agenda Group

TEACHING AGENDA GROUP


Teaching agenda

Planning Operation Stability and Protection

Restoration HVDC Transmission

Active Distribution

Networks and Microgrids

Power Systems with

Integrated Infrastructure

Techniques applied to

Power Systems

Markets and Investment

Context setting

HVDC – High Voltage Direct Currenthttps://globalpst.org/wp-content/uploads/G-PST_Inaugural_Teaching_Agenda.pdf

https://globalpst.org/wp-content/uploads/G-PST_Inaugural_Teaching_Agenda.pdf


Topic descriptors

• Context and aims

• Content summary

• Prior learning

• Learning outcomes

• Target audience

• Resources

• Duration

• Assessment


Context setting• Setting the scene of transformation

– Role of energy and electricity sector in decarbonisation

– Global and national trends in deployment of renewables, electric vehicles, and phase-out of fossil-fuel based generation

– Trends in other key integrated infrastructures – ICT, gas, transport etc.

– Overview of major challenges VRE and IBR

– Energy access issues in low- and middle-income countries

• The energy system is changing – professionals need to expand/enhance their knowledge base

• Energy system is made up of many parts (subsystems) - to understand the whole system need to understand the parts

• Careers in energy are:

– Global – involving all of society – gender and diversity

– Robust – not about to disappear

– Meaningful

– Interesting

– Challenging

ICT - information and communication technology


System Non Synchronous Penetration (SNSP) Limit


1. Planning

• Planning paradigm needs to change to account for:

– different characteristics of VRE, batteries etc.

– dramatic change in demand patterns due to electrification of transport and heat

– integration of infrastructures e.g., ICT

– extreme events driven by climate change

– more active consumers

– all changing together !

• Stronger interdependence between planning and operation

– planning stage needs to ensure the correct resources are available for operating the complex and volatile power system

Examples of topics• Multi time horizon probabilistic forecasting of demand

growth/decline, diurnal shape, yearly shape.

• Robust planning methods for network design that can maintain societal reliability needs and minimize expected cost over multiple time horizons.

• Larger scale planning to include integration with other infrastructures

• Multi objective planning – policy, drivers, regional diversity and technology evolution

• Planning with an active consumer

• Etc.


2. Operation

• Like planning operation paradigm must change with resource mix, new technologies, integration with other infrastructures and more active consumers

• Compared to planning - time scales are shorter, and the decision variables do not include investment

• Schedule supply and part of the demand to meet supply demand balance and be prepared for inevitable forecast errors and unexpected events.

• Achieved by "energy services" that control the frequency and voltage etc.

Examples of topics• Economic dispatch under uncertainty• Services scheduling from VRE• Inertia and frequency control• Radically different approach to grid

frequency management• Preventive vs. corrective control• Contingency analysis in power systems

with high VRE


3. Stability and Protection• High fraction of IBR shifts grid stability from slow

“electromechanical” to faster “electromagnetic” time scale

– Lack of inherent inertial response – Limited short circuit current contribution – Dynamics governed by control-loop choices

• Control loops of IBR could interact with slow generator dynamics or fast network transients leading to instabilities over a wide frequency range

• New stability models, analysis and mitigation necessary

• Fault response of IBR is constrained by converter’s– limited short-term over-current capability – control strategy

• New protection strategies needed

Examples of topics• Impact of IBR on rotor angle stability• Converter-driven resonance • Grid-forming inverters• Modelling adequacy for IBR dominated

power systems• Stability with 100% IBR• Alternative protection schemes


New classification of stabilityPower system stability

Electric resonance

stability

SSR

DDSO

Converter-driven stability

Fast interaction

Slow interaction

Rotor angle stability

Transient

Small disturbance

Voltage stability

Large disturbance

(short or long term)

Small disturbance (long term)

Frequency stability

Short term

Long term

New (in)stability categories motivated by increasing use of IBRs

Electromagnetic transient modelling is required

Traditional (in)stability categories

Phasor domain modelling is adequateDDSO – Device dependent sub-synchronous oscillationSSR – Sub synchronous resonance


4. Restoration

• Restoration strategy needs to evolve with new forms of generation and wide-spread use of DER.

• Black-start could be necessary with grid-forming IBRs that can self power their auxiliaries

• Wind and solar resources without storage can have very limited (or no) ability to perform cold-load pick-up so careful coordination of the restoration process is needed

• Inter-dependencies of electricity and other infrastructures (e.g., ICT, gas) and their resilience need to be considered.

Examples of topics• Black start capability of IBR• Resource (e.g., DER) coordination • Resilient ICT • DG management for enhanced

resilience• Distribution system intentional islanding

to enhance resilience• Optimal grid restoration procedures

DER – Distributed Energy Resources


5. HVDC Transmission

• Weakening of host AC systems leads to adverse interaction with LCC-HVDC links and among multiple LCC-HVDC links

• Dynamic analysis of combined AC-DC systems with an appropriate model of the HVDC over a wide timescale is needed

• A VSC-HVDC link is less susceptible to adverse AC-side interactions but has limited ability to block or limit DC-side fault current without a design penalty on converter efficiency

• While VSC-HVDC facilitates DC grids in terms of power flow, it has challenges in protection

• New ideas have emerged, and innovation continues

Examples of topics• Challenges with LCC HVDC• Recent developments in VSC HVDC• Offshore networks• DC grid protection• AC-HVDC interaction

LCC – Line Commutated ConverterVSC – Voltage Source Converter


6. Active Distribution Networks and Microgrids

• Distribution networks are changing radically with growth DER, EV charging and demand-side actions.

• Greater use of power electronic devices in distribution: soft open-points, low- and medium-voltage DC links, etc.

• New decentralized approaches to data analysis, situational awareness, control and optimization.

• Microgrids (local energy systems) managing local operations, exchanging services with a DSO and, on occasion, islanding for local resilience

• Distribution network operators (DNO) are in transition to system operator (DSO) with exchange of services across the DSO/TSO boundary.

EV – Electric Vehicle.


6. Active Distribution Networks and Microgrids /2

Examples of topics• Network service across transmission-

distribution boundary• Microgrids – island and grid-connected• Impact of PV and EV on networks• DER aggregation and VPP• Power electronic technology for

distribution network flexibility• Distributed and decentralized control• Distribution system topology

processors and state estimators

PV – Photovoltaic. VPP – Virtual Power Plant.


7. Power Systems with Integrated Infrastructure

• Electrification of further sectors (transport and heat/cooling) will greatly increase demand, adds complexity but also adds opportunities

• Resilience of critical infrastructures more challenging because of interdependence between sectors and common-cause failures

• Digital revolution and decarbonization support each other but digitalization is causing social change with energy system implications

• ICT system crucial to understanding power system behavior (e.g., delays, congestion, drop-out etc.) and creating effective control systems.

• Threats to cyber-physical system need effective precautions and repsonses

Examples of topics• Sector coupling: multi-vector energy

systems, power-to-X technologies, smart local energy systems

• Whole-system modelling – multi-physics and human behaviour

• Integrated electricity and ICT systems• Security of cyber-physical systems:

threats, counter-measures, detection, corrective actions


8. Techniques applied to Power Systems

• VRE and IBR are coming to dominate behavior of power systems - new analysis techniques, with appropriate fidelity, needed for planning and operations

– Limitation of phasor-based analysis– New design tools for stability faced with

black-box IBR models

• Rise of stochastic over deterministic process in resources, demand, failure modes etc. so need for techniques to analyze stochastic systems

• Curse of dimensionality and computation methods for huge data volumes

• New data acquisition for faster transients and super-synchronous instabilities

Examples of topics• Stochastic analysis and optimisation• Artificial intelligence, machine learning,

big data• Incorporation of heuristic approaches• Advanced frequency domain

techniques (e.g. Hilbert Transform), grey-box models


9. Markets and Investment

• Growth of VRE over fuel and IBR over synchronous machines leads to rethinking of energy, capacity and services markets and balance between them

• Market design should reflect the physical operation of the power system and evolve with operating practice

• Over planning time frames, the same principle applies although the longer-term investment strategies largely failed to reach a consensus

• Difference across regions in market structures and natural resources shape power system characteristics but common general principles for market design exist

Examples of topics• Framework for transmission operation

and investment• Trading of energy and reserve• Design of services and their markets• Locational issues and market splitting• Financial transmission rights (FTRs)

and financial storage rights (FSRs)• Stochastic approaches to market

design• Non-convex markets


Leverage existing resources

Examples:

• IEEE PES resource center, https://cmte.ieee.org/pes-csac/pes-resource-center/

• CUSP educational resource hosted by University of Minnesota, http://cusp.umn.edu

• MOOCs on power systems, power electronics and related subjects

• Other open online resources - please let us know

PES – Power and Energy SocietyCUSP – Consortium of Universities for Sustainable PowerMOOCs – Massive Open Online Courses

https://cmte.ieee.org/pes-csac/pes-resource-center/

http://cusp.umn.edu/


Delivery logistics

• Delivery methods • e.g., “Flip classroom” with on-line material but in-classroom

embedding through exercises, projects and quizzes

• In some contexts, a role in “training the trainers”

• Accessibility and licensing terms • “Freely” available

• Some version of creative commons license

• Hosting platform choice or choices:• Central sharing source and local streaming• IEEE learning network, https://ieee.org/education/iln.html• Clean Power Hub, https://www.cleanpowerhub.net/about• Learndash, https://www.learndash.com• Open University, https://www.open.ac.uk

https://ieee.org/education/iln.html

https://www.cleanpowerhub.net/about

https://www.learndash.com/

https://www.open.ac.uk/


Diversity in workforce

• Committed to full consideration of diversity in how we approach workforce development for a global audience.

• We recognize the benefits diversity brings to finding solutions to problems and inclusion of all perspectives.

• We also recognize the need to harness all the talents that exist.

• We need diversity in the designers and presenters of teaching material.

• We need context-setting and motivation materials that embed diversity.


Expression of interest

• How would you like to get involved?

– provide additional input and feedback

– contribute to development of teaching/training material

• Would you like to make use of the teaching/training material in your post-graduate program or for workforce upskilling?

• Follow the link to express your interesthttps://globalpst.org/get-involved/


globalpst.org/

Q&A

workforce development pillar of g -pst

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