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Copyright © ASPEQ Limited 2011 1 of 16

WB-FCL5 Workbook

Subject 031: Mass and Balance – Aeroplane

Revision 7

IMPORTANT NOTE This workbook is for use in flight crew examinations ONLY and is not to be made available for any other purpose. Not all examinations will require the use of this workbook, however, when the use of this workbook is required, candidates will be directed to the appropriate diagram in the text of the question. You are not permitted to copy or remove any part of this workbook from the examination room. Once the examination has been completed, return the workbook to the exam supervisor with your examination paper. Failure to comply with these instructions may result in your examination answers not being accepted.

2 of 16 Copyright © ASPEQ Limited 2011

DIAGRAM 31.2

Loading Data – Single Reciprocating Engine Aircraft (SRE)

General Information

This loading data is for a generic small aeroplane which is configured as follows:

Monoplane

Single reciprocating engine

Constant speed propeller

Retractable undercarriage

DATUM FIREWALL

870mm

1,930mm

2,450mm

DATUM FIREWALL

870mm

1,930mm

Maximum Take-off Mass 2,000kg

Maximum Landing Mass 2,000kg

Basic Empty Mass (BEM) 1,288kg

CG at BEM 2,150mm

BEM Moment 2,769kg-m

CG Forward Limit 1,930mm

CG Aft Limit 2,450mm

CG does not change when undercarriage is extended or retracted.

Crew weight 90kg

Passenger weight use actual weights

Maximum floor loading 350kg/m2

Maximum fuel load 300 litres

Fuel Arm 2,170mm

Fuel density 0.72kg/lt (unless otherwise stated)


DIAGRAM 31.4

Seating and Baggage Arrangement (SRE)

BAGGAGE ZONE C BAGGAGE ZONE B

BAGGAGE ZONE A

FIREWALL SEATS

3 and 4

SEATS

5 and 6

SEATS

1 and 2

BAGGAGE/LOAD ZONE ARM (mm)

A 2,743

B 3,810

C 4,572

Centre of Gravity Envelope (SRE)

2,000

1,800

1,600

1,400

1,200

CENTRE OF GRAVITY (mm aft of datum)

MA

SS

(k

g)

1,900 2,000 2,2002,100 2,5002,4002,300


DIAGRAM 31.5

Loading Manifest (SRE)

ITEM MASS (kg) ARM (mm) MOMENT (kg-m)

BASIC AIRCRAFT 1,288 2,150 2,769

SEATS 1 & 2 2,007

SEATS 3 & 4 2,972

SEATS 5 & 6 3,861

BAGGAGE ZONE A 2,743

BAGGAGE ZONE B 3,810

BAGGAGE ZONE C 4,572

ZERO FUEL MASS

FUEL LOAD 2,170

RAMP MASS

SUBTRACT START, RUN-UP, TAXI

FUEL

TAKE-OFF MASS

SUBTRACT TRIP FUEL

LANDING MASS


DIAGRAM 31.6

Loading Data – Light Twin Reciprocating Engine Aircraft (LTA)

General Information

This loading data is for a generic light twin-engine aeroplane which is configured as follows:

Monoplane

Two reciprocating engines

Two counter-rotating constant speed propellers


DATUM

1,960mm

2,080mm

2,410mm


Maximum Zero Fuel Mass 2,600kg

Basic Empty Mass (BEM) 1,660kg

CG at BEM 2,120mm


CG Forward Limit 2,080mm

CG Aft Limit 2,410mm

CG does not change significantly when undercarriage is extended or retracted.

Crew weight 90kg

Passenger weight use actual weights

Maximum floor loading 600kg/m2

Maximum fuel load 350 litres

Fuel Arm 2,330mm



DIAGRAM 31.8

Seating and Baggage Arrangement (LTA)

SEATS

5 and 6 BAGGAGE ZONE D BAGGAGE ZONE C

SEATS

3 and 4

SEATS

1 and 2

BAGGAGE ZONE A BAGGAGE ZONE B

DIAGRAM 31.10

Centre of Gravity Envelope (LTA)

2,800

2,600

2,400

2,200

2000

1800

1,600

MA

SS

2,5002,4002,100 2,200 2,3001,900


MA

SS

(k

g)

2,5002,4002,100 2,200 2,3002,000



DIAGRAM 31.12

Loading Manifest (LTA)


BASIC AIRCRAFT 1,660 2,120 3,519.2

SEATS 1 & 2 1,550

SEATS 3 & 4 2,510

SEATS 5 & 6 3,440

BAGGAGE ZONE A 720

BAGGAGE ZONE B 2,570

BAGGAGE ZONE C 3,580

BAGGAGE ZONE D 4,720

ZERO FUEL MASS

FUEL LOAD 2,330

RAMP MASS

TAXI FUEL

TAKE-OFF MASS

TRIP FUEL

LANDING MASS


DIAGRAM 31.14

Loading Data – Medium Range Jet (MRJ)

General Information

This performance data is for a generic medium range jet transport aircraft which is configured as follows:

Monoplane

Two high-bypass turbo-fan engines


Performance Class A

Structural Data

Maximum Ramp Mass 63,030kg


Maximum Landing Mass 54,900kg

Maximum Zero Fuel Mass 51,300kg

Fuel Data

Maximum Fuel Load 20,175 litres

Taxi Fuel 1,200kg/hr

APU fuel consumption 115kg/hr


Operational Cost Index 25 (“CI 25”, unless otherwise stated)

Air Conditioning

Increase fuel consumption by 1% when operating packs at “HI FLOW”

Icing

Increase fuel consumption as follows:

Engine anti-ice only 70kg/hr

Engine and wing anti-ice 180kg/hr

Loading Data

CG at BEM 10.73m


CG Limits As per the C of G envelope (see Diagram 31.20)

Cargo Data

Compartment 1 Volume 16.89m3

Maximum Mass 3,300kg

Arm 9.20m

Compartment 2 Volume 21.32m3

Maximum Mass 4,200kg

Arm 22.11m

Maximum floor loading 1,600kg/m2


DIAGRAM 31.16

Passenger distribution showing balance arms. If the passenger load is low, zones B, C, and

D are the preferred seating areas.

Passenger Distribution

Balance Arms (m)

Table of Passenger Zones, Number of Passengers, and Balance Arms

ZONE NO. PAX B.A.

A 15 7.10

B 18 9.65

C 24 12.62

D 24 16.02

E 24 19.42

F 18 22.40

G 18 24.95

DIAGRAM 31.18

Loading Manifest (MRJ)

ITEM MASS (kg) ARM (m) MOMENT (kg-m)

BASIC AIRCRAFT 34,500 10.73 370,185

CREW 450* 8.00 3,598*

ZONE A 7.10

ZONE B 9.65

ZONE C 12.62

ZONE D 16.02

ZONE E 19.42

ZONE F 22.40

ZONE G 24.95

CARGO COMPARTMENT 1 9.20

CARGO

COMPARTMENT 2

22.11

FUEL – WING TANKS 16.27

FUEL – CENTRE TANK 15.01

RAMP MASS

TAXI FUEL

TAKE-OFF MASS

TRIP FUEL

LANDING MASS

* Standard crew = 2 pilots, 2 forward cabin crew and 1 aft cabin crew.

7.10 9.65

12.62

16.02

19.42

22.40 24.95


DIAGRAM 31.20

Centre of Gravity Envelope (MRJ)

65,000

60,000

55,000

50,000

45,000

40,000

35,000

4 16128 20 322824

MAXIMUM TAKE-OFF MASS 62,800kg

MAXIMUM LANDING MASS 54,900kg

MAXIMUM ZF MASS 51,300kg

CENTRE OF GRAVITY LIMITS (%MAC)

4 128 16 20 24 28 32

AIR

CR

AF

T M

AS

S (

kg

)


DIAGRAM 31.22

Horizontal Stabilizer Trim Setting (MRJ)

The mean aerodynamic chord (MAC) extends from 15.64m aft of the datum to 19.00m aft of the

datum. Trim settings may be expressed as either %MAC or Stabiliser Trim Units.

1

2

3

4

5

6

0 10 20155 25 30

CENTRE OF GRAVITY (%MAC)

ST

AB

ILIS

ER

TR

IM U

NIT

SNOSEDOWN

NOSEUP

FLAPS 5

FLAPS 15

10 20155 25 30

CENTRE OF GRAVITY (%MAC)

ST

AB

ILIS

ER

TR

IM U

NIT

SNOSEDOWN

NOSEUP

FLAPS 5

FLAPS 15

16.6016.4016.2016.0015.8015.60 16.80

MOMENT ARM (m)


DIAGRAM 31.24

Fuel Index Correction Table

Fuel Mass (kg) Index Units Fuel Mass (kg) Index Units

500 -1.0 9,330 -0.3

750 -1.5 9,580 -0.9

1,000 -1.9 9,830 -1.5

1,250 -2.3 10,080 -2.1

1,500 -2.6 10,330 -2.7

1,750 -3.0 10,580 -3.3

2,000 -3.3 10,830 -3.9

2,500 -3.7 11,080 -4.5

3,000 -4.3 11,330 -5.1

3,500 -4.7 11,580 -5.7

4,000 -5.1 11,830 -6.3

4,500 -5.4 12,080 -6.9

5,000 -5.7 12,330 -7.5

5,500 -5.9 12,580 -8.1

6,000 -6.0 12,830 -8.7

6,500 -6.1 13,080 -9.3

7,000 -5.9 13,330 -9.9

7,500 -5.0 13,580 -10.5

7,670 -4.6 13,830 -11.1

7,830 -4.1 14,080 -11.7

8,000 -3.7 14,330 -12.3

8,170 -3.2 14,580 -12.9

8,330 -2.6 14,830 -13.5

8,500 -2.1 15,080 -14.1

8,630 -1.6 15,330 -14.8

8,750 -1.1 15,580 -15.4

8,880 -0.6 15,830 -16.3

9,000 -0.1 16,080 -17.1

Tanks 1 and 2 full 9,080 +0.3 Centre tank full 16,140 -17.3

Usable fuel quantities in lines = 20kg (included in the tables). Interpolation not necessary!

For mass figures not printed in these tables the index of the next higher mass is applicable.


DIAGRAM 31.26

ITEM MASS (kg)

BASIC AIRCRAFT 34,500

CREW 450

ZONE A 609

ZONE B 957

ZONE C 870

ZONE D 936

ZONE E 1,120

ZONE F 870

ZONE G 696

CARGO COMPARTMENT 1 3,200


FUEL – WING TANKS 6,600

FUEL – CENTRE TANK 0

RAMP MASS 55,208

DIAGRAM 31.28


BASIC AIRCRAFT 1,660 2,120 3,519.2

SEATS 1 & 2 85 1,550 131.75

SEATS 3 & 4 170 2,510 426.7

SEATS 5 & 6 0 3,440 0

BAGGAGE ZONE A 50 720 36

BAGGAGE ZONE B 0 2,570 0

BAGGAGE ZONE C 120 3,580 429.6

BAGGAGE ZONE D 0 4,720 0

ZERO FUEL MASS

FUEL LOAD 300 2,330

RAMP MASS

TAXI FUEL 20 2,330

TAKE-OFF MASS

TRIP FUEL 220 2,330

LANDING MASS


DIAGRAM 31.30

ITEM MASS (kg)


SEATS 1 & 2 85

SEATS 3 & 4 170

SEATS 5 & 6 0

BAGGAGE ZONE A 50

BAGGAGE ZONE B 0

BAGGAGE ZONE C 120

BAGGAGE ZONE D 0

ZERO FUEL MASS

FUEL LOAD 300

RAMP MASS

TAXI FUEL 20

TAKE-OFF MASS

DIAGRAM 31.32

ITEM MASS (kg)


CREW 450

ZONE A 609

ZONE B 957

ZONE C 870

ZONE D 936

ZONE E 1,120

ZONE F 870

ZONE G 696



FUEL – WING TANKS 6,600

FUEL – CENTRE TANK 0

RAMP MASS

TAXI FUEL -120

TAKE-OFF MASS


DIAGRAM 31.34


DIAGRAM 31.36

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