WORK SAMPLINGBY: GROUP(26-30)Sashank chal!"#$%&'0&026(h$))*an+an S,a$n%&'0&02-."!"n#*a +a$sa,al%&'0&02/.ha*0"n#*a 1*a+a1a)$%&'0&022.$!3a 4ansal%&'0&030BASI( (ON(5P6S 7 .58INA6IONWork Sampling (also sometimes called ratio delay study) is a technique of getting facts about utilization of machines or human beings through a large number of instantaneous observations taken at random time intervals. The ratio of observations of a given activity to the total observations approximates the percentage of time that the process is in that state of activity.S65PS O8 WORK SAMPLING Step 19 .":n" )h" 1*;4l"09 ac)$!$)$"s ;> ;1"*a);* ;n )h" +;4: ,ha) a*" )h" ac)$!$)$"s ;> +;4 )ha) ,;l# "n)$)l" h$0 ); 4" $n @,;*k$n?A s)a)"96h$s ,;l# $01l3 )ha) ,h"n ;1"*a);* ,$ll 4" >;n# "n?a?"# $n an3 ac)$!$)3 ;)h"* )han )h;s" ,;l# "n)$)l" h$0 ); 4" $n AN;) W;*k$n?A s)a)"9S65PS O8 WORK SAMPLING Step 2.."s$?n )h" sa01l$n? 1lan9 ;4s"*!a)$;ns ); 4" 0a#"9 s)#3% "9?9 ),; #a3s% ;n" ,""k% ")c9;* )ak$n? )h" ;4s"*!a)$;ns9S65PS O8 WORK SAMPLING Step 3.(;n)ac) )h" 1"*s;ns c;nc"*n"# an# )ak" )h"0 $n c;n:#"nc" *"?a*#$n? c;n#c) ;> )h" s)#39 Step 4.Mak" )h" ;4s"*!a)$;ns a) )h" 1*"-#"c$#"# *an#;0 )$0"s a4;) )h" ,;*k$n? B n;) ,;*k$n? s)a)" ;> )h" ;1"*a);*9 Wh"n ;1"*a);* $s $n ,;*k$n? s)a)"% #")"*0$n" h$s 1"*>;*0anc" *a)$n?9 R"c;*# 4;)h ;n )h" ;4s"*!a)$;n sh"")9 Step 5.O4)a$n an# *"c;*# ;)h"* $n>;*0a)$;n9 6h$s $ncl#"s ;1"*a);*@s s)a*)$n? )$0" an# C$))$n? )$0" ;> )h" #a3 an# );)al n04"* ;> 1a*)s ;> acc"1)a4l" Cal$)3 1*;#c"# #*$n? )h" #a39 Step 6.(alcla)" )h" s)an#a*# )$0" 9Number of Observations Ass01)$;ns:(;n:#"nc" l"!"l $s ass0"# as 2DE $9"9 FG&926 Ma*?$n ;> 5**;* all;,"# G &0E ;n 4;)h s$#"s Statistical methodStep ! "irst #e have taken $$ observation ;) ;> &00 ;4s"*!a)$;n% )h" ;1"*a);*s ,as $#l" $n &D cas"s an# ,;*k$n? $n /D cas"s% )h"*">;*" PG/D9Step %!calculate the value of & NG F21(&-1)B52Wh"*" NGn;9 ;> ;4s"*!a)$;nPG1"*c"n)a?" ;> ,;*k$n? )$0"5Gs)an#a*# "**;* ;> 1*;1;*)$;n Hence the N =z2p1!p"#$2 =3.%4&.%5&.15#.'1 = 51

Determination of Observation Schedule The number of instantaneous observations to be made each day mainly depends upon the nature of operation. "or example' for non(repetitive operations or for operations in #hich some elements occur in(frequently' it is advisable to take observations more frequently so that the chance of obtaining all the facts improves. )t also depends on the availability of time #ith the person making the study. )n general' about *$ observations per day is a good figure. The actual random schedule of the observations is prepared by using random number table or any other technique.Design of Observation Sheet A sa01l" ;4s"*!a)$;n sh"") >;* *"c;*#$n? )h" #a)a ,$)h *"s1"c) ); ,h")h"* a) )h" 1*"-#"c$#"# )$0"% )h" s1"c$:"# ,;*k"* ;n +;4 $s $n @,;*k$n?@ s)a)" ;* @n;n-,;*k$n?@ s)a)" 9 I) c;n)a$ns )h" *"l"!an) $n>;*0a)$;n a4;) )h" +;4% )h" ;1"*a);*s ;n +;4% ")c9 A) )h" "n# ;> "ach #a3% calcla)$;n can 4" #;n" ); "s)$0a)" )h" 1"*c"n) ;> )$0" ,;*k"*s ;n )h" +;4 (;n an a!"*a?") s1"n# ;n ac)$!$)$"s% ,h$ch a*" c;ns$#"*"# as 1a*) ;> )h" +;4WORK SAMPLING OBSERVATION SHEET Study of : working on!o"#on$nt %&'&$ (ody) in*o( +,o#-t$ of Study :./0.102.32O#$rtor+ on t,$ *o(: o#$rtor 3%O3)4o#$rtor %O2) 5ondu!t$d By: 5,ittrn*nSr6 No6Schedule of Obser--Vation.. Working Not-Working Operator 1 Operator 2moving idle waiting ating !"#ating !"#O& O2 O& O2 O& O2 3 +!*,!%+ - $%- $%2 +!*,!%. -$%-$%1+!*,./ -&%-&%7+!*,0/% -&%-&%8+!*,!+$ -&%-&%/+!*,!+/ -&%-&%9+!*,!*$ - -:+!*,!*1 - -$%;+!*1!* - -3.+!*1.%* - -33+!*1./$ - -$%32+!*1!/* -&%-31+!*1!+$ -11%-$%37+!*1!+/ -11%-$%38+!*1!+. -$%-&%WORK SAMPLING OBSERVATION SHEET Sr6 No6Schedule of Obser--Vation.. Working Not-Working Operator 1 Operator 2moving idle waiting ating !"#ating !"#O& O2 O& O2 O& O216*!$$!%* -&% -1(*!$$!/ -&%-1%*!$$!/1 -&% -$%1)*!$$!+/ -&%-$%2'*!$$!*$ -$%-21*!$$!*1 -$%-'%22*!$!$+ -$%-'%23*!$! -'%-&%24*!$!. -'%-$%25*!$!% - -26*!$!%/ -$%-2(*!$!/+ -&%-2%*!$!/1 -&%-'%2)*!$!+% -11%-'%3'*!$!+2 -11%-&%31*!$!+, -11%-$%32*!$!* -11%-&% 33*!$!*. -&%-&%WORK SAMPLING OBSERVATION SHEET Sr6 No6Schedule of Obser--Vation.. Working Not-Working Operator 1 Operator 2moving idle waiting ating !"#ating !"#O& O2 O& O2 O& O2 17*!$/!+ -$% - $%18*!$/!+* -$%-$%1/*!$/!*% -&%-&%19*!$+!$ - $%-&%1:*!$+!$2 -$%-1:*!$+!/ - $%7.*!$+!1 -&%-$%73*!$+!%/ -&%-&%72*!$+!%, -$%-71*!$+!/2 -'%-77*!$+!+ -(%-78*!$+!++ - $%-79*!$+!+, -$%- $% 7:*!$+!*$ -&%-$%7;*!$+!*/ -&%-&%8.*!$+!*1 -$%-&%83*!$*!$ -$%- Tot'working 'D )verage &%.(" *2 )verage&+.1",otal non-working O1-(. O2-&WORK5R&WORK5R2 6O6ALP5R(5N6AG5 6O6ALW;*k$n? ,;*k$n? 32 3- -6 -'9D&D62/D92/E$ns1"c)$n? 3 2 D '920&26&cl"an$n? 3 3 6 D9//23D3N;)-,;*k$n? ,a$)$n? 3 ' - /9/23D22&'9-E$#l" & 2 3 2962-'D0;!$n? 2 3 D '9D'2026O6ALD& D& &02 &00 &00O4s"*!a)$;n 6a4l"P"*c"n)a?" ,;*k$n? O1"*a);* & ,;*k >;* 'D )$0"s ;) ;> D& 04s"*!a)$;n s; $)s 1"*c"n)a?" ;> ,;*k$n?G'DBD&G //923E O1"*a);* 2 ,;*k >;* '2 )$0"s ;) ;> D& ;4s"*!a)$;n s; $)s 1"*c"n)a?" ;> ,;*k$n? G'2BD&G /293DE(ON.U(6ING 6H5 WORK SAMPLING S6U.YO4s"*!a)$;nO1"*a);*N;)-,;*k$n?;1"*a);*,;*k$n?Wa$)$n?,alk$n?W;*k$n? ;n s3s)"0A**an?$n? 6;;lsBcl"an$n? I#l"(ON.U(6ING 6H5 WORK SAMPLING S6U.Y 3tthepredefinedtimesofstudy'thestudyperson appearsatthe#orksiteandobservesthespecific #orker (already randomly decided) to find out #hat is he doing. )f he is doing activity #hich is part of the 4ob' he is tickedunderthecolumn5Working5andhisperformance rating is estimated and recorded. )f he is found engaged in an activity #hich is not a part of 4ob' he is ticked under the column 5&ot Working5. 3t the end of day' the number ofticksin5Working5columnistotaledandaverage performance rating is determined.(;ncls$;n 6h" *"sl) ," ?") c;ncl#" )ha): W$)h a c;n:#"nc" l"!"l ;> 2DE an# a 0a*?$n ;> "**;* ;> &0E ," can sa3 ;* :*s) ,;*k"* $s ,;*k$n? a) /DE ;> )h" )$0"% an# s"c;n# ,;*k"* $s ,;*k$n? /2E ;> )h" )$0"9An ;!"*all "Ic$"nc3 $n )"*0 ;> ,;*k"* $s /D92/EUS5S O8 WORK SAMPLING 6; a$# $n #")"*0$na)$;n ;> )$0" s)an#a*#s 7 #"la3 all;,anc"s9 6; a$# $n )h" 0"as*"0"n) ;> ;!"*all 1"*>;*0anc"s9 6; #")"*0$n" )h" na)*" 7 "J)"n) ;> c3cl"s 7 KP"ak L;a#L Ma*$a)$;ns $n ;4s"*!a4l" ac)$!$)39 6; s)#3 )h" )$l$Fa)$;n 43 s1"*!$s;*s 7 "s)a4l$sh$n? ?;als >;* s1"*!$s$;nMETHOD STUDYA 1*"s"n)a)$;n 43 :Sashank chal!"#$%&'0&026(h$))*an+an S,a$n%&'0&02-."!"n#*a +a$sa,al%&'0&02/.ha*0"n#*a 1*a+a1a)$%&'0&022.$!3a 4ansal%&'0&030NA6IONAL INS6I6U65 O8 IN.US6RIAL 5NGIN55RING% MUMBAI9METHOD STUDY : AN INTRODUCTIONM")h;# s)#3 $s )h" s3s)"0a)$c *"c;*#$n? an# c*$)$cal "Ja0$na)$;n ;> 1*;#c)$;n% s"*!$c" an# 4s$n"ss 1*;c"ss"s $n ;*#"* ); 0ak" $01*;!"0"n)s9S65PS O8 M56HO. S6U.Y&9S$*$+,-ON ;> )h" ,;*k ); 4" s)#$"#2..$+O./-N0 all )h" *"l"!an) >ac) ;> 1*"s"n)B1*;1;s"# 0")h;# 43 ;4s"*!a)$;n an# anal3s$s39$123-N$ )h" *"c;*#"# >ac) c*$)$call3 an# chall"n?" "!"*3)h$n? )ha) $s #;n"'9/$4$*O5 )h" 0;s) 1*ac)$cal% "c;n;0$cal an# "N"c)$!" 0")h;# c;ns$#"*$n? all )h" c$*c0s)anc"sD9$42*62,$ #$N"*"n) al)"*na)$!"s ); #"!"l;1 a n", $01*;!"# 0")h;# ,h$ch ,$ll 4" 0;*" c;s)-"N"c)$!" )han )h" c**"n) 0")h;# ;> 1"*>;*0anc"6./$7-N$ )h" n", 0")h;# s; )ha) $) can 4" al,a3s 4" $#"n)$:"#-9-NS,2** )h" 0")h;# as s)an#a*# 1*ac)$c"/932-N,2-N )ha) s)an#a*# 1*ac)$c" 43 *"?la* 0ach$n" ch"ck 1PRO(5.UR5 O8 M56HO. S6U.YS,$5 ON$8 S$*$+, ,H$ 9O: 5c;n;0$c c;ns$#"*a)$;nso K"3 1*;:) ?"n"*a)$n?o B;))l"n"ckso O1"*a)$;ns $n!;l!$n? *"1")$)$!" ,;*k s$n? ?*"a) #"al ;>la4;*oM;!"0"n)s ;> 0a)"*$als ;!"* l;n? #$s)anc" 6"chn$cal ;* )"chn;l;?$cal c;ns$#"*a)$;ns H0an c;ns$#"*a)$;nsPRO(5.UR5 O8 M56HO. S6U.Y S,$5 ,;O8 .$+O./ 72+,S :< :.$2=-N0 /O;N 9O: -N,O S6:!9O:S.")"*0$n" )h" s"C"nc" ;> ;1"*a)$;nsN;)" #;,n all sna?s an# #$Icl)$"s an# s??"s)$;ns #*$n? $n)"*!$", an# ;4s"*!a)$;n9 G") all 1;ss$4l" $n>;*0a)$;n >*;0 $n>;*0al *"c;*#s In>;*0a)$;n n""#"#:o)h" ;4+"c) ;> )h" ;1"*a)$;no)h" 0"anso)h" 1lac"% )$0" an# #a)"o)h" !;l0" an# >*"C"nc3.ecor>in? techni@ues :o8l;, 1*;c"ss cha*)so.$a?*a00$n? O la3;)s% 0;#"lsoP*"-1*"1a*"# >;*0sPR5S5N6M56HO.8LOW PRO(5SS (HAR6(;1"*a);* &) 6IM5 O1"*a)$;n M;!"0"n) ."la3 Ins1"c)$;n S);*a?" SP5N.SL9 NOWORK 5L5M5N6 (s"c) & 6$?h)"n$n? )h" !al!" 30 )h" ;!"*all s3s)"0 ;> ,;*k )ha) *"C$*" $01*;!"0"n)s ;* ;N"* ;11;*)n$)3 >;* 4"n":c$al chan?"9&9 ,h3 ),; ,;*k"*s a*" n""#"# R can $) 4" #;n" 43 s$n?l" ,;*k"*R29 ,h3 ,;*k"*s n""# ); s"a*ch >;* );;ls R can all );;ls *"C$*"# >;* ;1"*a)$;n a*" a**an?"# 4">;*" s)a*)$n?R39 ,h3 s$n?l" ,;*k"* $s l;;s$n? )h" 4;l)sR can 4;)h ;> )h"0 #; )h" ;1"*a)$;nR'9 ,h3 )h"3 a*" )3$n? cl;)h ); +;4RD9 ,h3 +;4 $s 1lac"# ;n ,;;#"n 4;a*#R ,ha) "ls" can 4" s"# >;* s);*a?"R69 h;, )h" +;4 $s 1lac"#R h;, "ls" )h$s +;4 can 4" #;n"R S65P 8OUR: IMPROM5M5N6 R"#$s)*$4)$;n ;> ,;*k >;* *"0;!$n? n)s sa!$n? 2D s"cs??"s)$;n >;* s$n? );;lk$) 7 1*" a**an?"0"n) ;> );;ls9 ,$ll *"#c" 0;!"0"n) 7 )$0"9 als; *"#c" DS )$0"9 Ins)"a# ;> ,;;#"n 4;a*# )$l$Fa)$;n ;> +$?s9 Layout of the shop should be re-designed. Poor mobility. Too many obstructions while travelling.P*;1;s"#M56HO. 8LOW PRO(5SS (HAR6(;1"*a);* &) 6IM5SP5N.(s"c) O1"*a)$;nM;!"0"n)."la3Ins1"c)$;nS);*a?" SL9 NO WORK 5L5M5N6 & 6$?h)"n$n? )h" !al!" 30 ,;*k"*s29 Ha!" 4"))"* 0;4$l$)3 7 !$s$4$l$)339 M$n$0$F" )h" chanc" ;> acc$#"n)s'9Inc*"as" )h" U)$l$Fa)$;n ;> ,;*k"* 2 43&DED9M$n$0$F" )h" "N;*)s *"C$*"# 43 )h" ,;*k"*s//S);1 Wa)ch 6$0" S)#36-!Sashank chaluvedi'+$$%27hittran4an S#ain'+$$%.8evendra 4aisa#al'+$$%,8harmendra pra4apati'+$$%18ivya bansal'+$$/$/+6$0" an# M;)$;n S)#3: DefnedA 0")h;# c*"a)"# ); #")"*0$n" )h" Sc;**"c) )$0"T $) )ak"s ); c;01l")" a c"*)a$n )ask A 0")h;# ); "s)a4l$sh S)h" ;n" 4"s) ,a3 ); 1"*>;*0 a )askT/*6$0" an# M;)$;n S)#3: Purposes6; "n# S?;;:n? ;NT an# ); "s)a4l$sh ,ha) c;ns)$))"# a >a$* #a3s ,;*k6; 0ak" s*" )ha) )h" +;4 4"$n? "!ala)"# #;"s n;) $ncl#" an3 nn"c"ssa*3 0;)$;n 43 )h" ,;*k"*/26$0" an# M;)$;n S)#3: Objectie The ob4ective of the Time and 9otion Study is to determine a :normal; or average time for a 4ob' by using observers to record exactly ho# much time is being devoted to each task. /. S)"1-43-S)"1. ac);*).":n" ,;*k 5l"0"n)SL9NOWORK 5L5M5N6 631"s ;> "l"0"n)& 6$?h)"n$n? )h"!al!" 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