Wildlife Tracker: Detailed Design

Review

MSD I

Team P14347

Team P14347 & Introduction

Member Role

Eric Peterson Team Leader / EE

Alex Pelkey ME

Joseph Ciccarello EE

Frank Meola EE

Timothy Nash ME

AgendaProgress ReportProject BackgroundSystem AnalysisMechanical AnalysisElectrical AnalysisRisk AssessmentTest PlanAction Items/MSD II PlanQuestions

Current & Desired State Injured animals can travel substantial distances, may be

difficult to track Game which has been shot and cannot be found leads to

more animal deaths and inefficient hunting Wildlife Tracker will detach from arrow and remain attached

to animal Handheld device will provide GPS location of animal

Progress Report Cellphone & Google Maps Integration has been researched &

found to be a viable User Module Circuitry Block Diagrams Established (w/ Pin Connections) Enclosure Model Completed Began Purchasing Test Parts

Arrows & Broadheads Linx Technologies

Initial Arrow Attachment Deviation Experiment ready for trial Refined Budget Faculty Review Consultations Completed

Dr. Amuso Dr. P. Venkataraman

Previous Questions: Burst vs. Continuous Transmission – Burst will utilized for the

application (10-15 min. bursts) FCC Safety Requirements – SAR (Specific Absorption Rate) 1.6

W/kg

StakeholdersPrimary Customer: Dr. Eli SaberFaculty Guide: Art NorthEnd Users: Bow HuntersOther: Hunting Stores/Distributors, Game Wardens,

Environmental Activists, Linx TechnologiesMSD Team 14347

Project Deliverables Durable re-attachable tracking device that connects onto an

arrow Handheld user device that monitors the location of the GPS

attachment ‘Second Chance’ retrieval feature (In case shot is not fatal) Intuitive, easy to understand User Manual Cellphone GPS application

Benchmarking GameVector Deer Recover System

• $399.99• 45 Grains (2.9 grams)• Battery life of 48-72 hours• Up to two mile range• Tested for bows shooting up to 300 feet per second• Currently sold out

Customer Requirements

Customer Rqmt. #

Importance Description

CR1 9 The device locates the wildlife after being shot.CR2 9 Device detaches from arrow and attaches to wildlife upon impact.CR3 3 The device functions in heavily wooded areas (2000 meters ideal. 300 meters minimal)CR4 9 The device does not impede the accuracy of the shot, or at least produces repeatable deviationsCR5 3 The device does not impede the range of the shotCR6 1 Tracker costs under $50CR7 3 Arrow attachment is reusable up to ten timesCR8 9 Arrow attachment "sticks" to wildlife with enough force to not fall offCR9 3 Tracking is active for up to 90 minutes. 30 minutes minimal.

CR10 1 The arrow attachment is one pieceCR11 1 Arm/disarm feature for arrow attachment is present.CR12 3 Used for for both deer and turkey huntingCR13 3 Durability/temperature resistance is suitable for Oct.-Dec huntingCR14 9 Arrow attachment does not fall off due to force of the shotCR15 9 User device tracks the location of the arrow attachmentCR16 3 Arrow attachment does not generate a noise when shot

Engineering Requirements

rqmt. # Importance Source Function Engr. Requirement (metric) Unit of MeasureMarginal

ValueIdeal Value

S1 3 CR3 System Functionality Transmit Range meters 300 2000S2 2 CR4, CR5 System Operation Weight grams <5.8 <2.9S3 1 CR4, CR5 System Operation Aerodynamic Drag Drag Coefficient ±25% ±10%S4 3 CR8 System Functionality Holding Force (Target) Newtons 1.12 2.24S5 2 CR14 System Functionality Holding Force (Arrow) Newtons 24 30S6 2 CR13 System Robustness Operational Temperature degrees Celsius 0 to 30 minus 30 to 50S7 3 CR4 System Functionality Change in Arrow Accuracy mm from center at 20m <50 25S8 1 CR5 System Functionality Change in Arrow Range % 10 5S9 3 CR9 System Robustness Operation Time minutes 30 90S10 2 CR7, CR10 System Robustness Product Reusability # of uses 5 10S11 3 CR1 System Functionality Accuracy of Tracking meters per meter 1 / 50 1 / 100S12 1 CR6 System Production Prototype Cost $$ 150 100S13 1 CR6 System Production Manufacturing Cost $$ 90 50S14 2 CR11 System Functionality Arm / Disarm Feature binary No YesS15 1 CR15 System Portability Handheld User Tracking Device binary No YesS16 2 CR12 System Functionality Arrow Compatibility % arrows in market 40 100S17 2 CR4, CR5 System Portability Volume of Arrow Attachment mm cubed 75 30

Requirement MappingEngineering Requirements

Tran

smit R

ange

Weigh

t

Aerodyn

amic

Drag

Holding Force

(Targe

t)

Holding Force

(Arro

w)

Operati

onal Te

mperatu

re

Change

in Arro

w Accurac

y

Change

in Arro

w Range

Operati

on Time

Product

Reusa

bility

Accura

cy of T

rack

ing

Proto

type C

ost

Man

ufacturin

g Cost

Arm /

Disarm

Featu

re

Handheld U

ser T

rack

ing Dev

ice

Arrow Compati

bility

Volum

e of

Arro

w Atta

chm

ent

Cust

omer

Nee

ds

The device locates the wildlife after being shot. X

Device detaches from arrow and attaches to wildlife upon impact. X XThe device functions in heavily wooded areas (2000 meters ideal. 300 meters minimal)

X

The device does not impede the accuracy of the shot, or at least produces repeatable deviations

X X X X

The device does not impede the range of the shot X X X X

Tracker costs under $50 X X

Arrow attachment is reusable up to ten times X

Arrow attachment "sticks" to wildlife with enough force to not fall off X

Tracking is active for up to 90 minutes. 30 minutes minimal. X

The arrow attachment is one piece X

Arm/disarm feature for arrow attachment is present. X

Used for for both deer and turkey hunting X

Durability/temperature resistance is suitable for Oct.-Dec hunting X

Arrow attachment does not fall off due to force of the shot X

User device tracks the location of the arrow attachment X

Arrow attachment does not make a noise when shot X

Cust

omer

Nee

ds

Functional DecompositionLocate Wildlife

Attach to Arrow

Access Arrow

Attach to Wildlife

Does not alter Shot

Detach from Arrow

Link to Animal

Remains attached during

Flight

Protect Functional Integrity

Safeguard Electronics

Indicate Location of Attachment

Device

Transmit Signal

Activate Transmitter

Receive Signal

Activate Receiver

Process and Interpret Signal

Morphological Analysis

Solutions

Sub-Functions

 

1 2 3 4 5

Attach to ArrowSpring-Dowel

PinClip Adhesive Magnet

Attach to Wildlife

Barbed Hook Pronged TipSpring-Activated

ClampRetractable

Prongs

Transmit/Receive Signal

Transponder WiMAXCell Phone

SignalRadio Waves

Indicate Location

Audio Speaker LCD MapVisual-Blinking

LEDCellphone Integration

Dial Indicator

Protect Functional Integrity

EnclosurePotting

CompoundAirbags?

Activate Transmitter

Accelerometer On/off switchAnimal Circuit

Activation   

Concept Selection1 2 3 4 5

Metrics Importance Spring-Dowel Pin Clip Adhesive Magnet1 Ease of Design 2 4 2 1 32 Effectiveness 1 2 1 4 33 Cost 3 4 1 2 34 Weight 1 3 2 1 4

TOTAL 25 10 13 220.04 0.1 0.076923077 0.045454545

1 2 3 4 5Metrics Importance Barbed Hook Pronged Tip Spring-Activated Clamp Retractable Prongs

1 Ease of Design 2 1 2 4 32 Effectiveness 1 2 1 4 33 Cost 3 1 2 4 34 Weight 1 1 2 3 4

TOTAL 8 13 27 220.125 0.076923077 0.037037037 0.045454545

1 2 3 4 5Metrics Importance Transponder WiMAX Cell Phone Signal Radio Waves

1 Ease of Design 2 2 4 3 12 Effectiveness (Range) 1 3 2 5 43 Cost 2 2 5 4 14 Weight of Transmitter 1 2 4 3 15 Power Consumption 2 2 4 3 1

TOTAL 17 32 28 11

Attach to WildlifeSolution

Transmit/Receive SignalSolution

SolutionAttach to Arrow

Concept Selection

1 2 3 4 5Metrics Importance Audio Speaker LCD Map Visual-Blinking LED Cell Phone Interface Dial Indicator

1 Ease of Design 1 3 5 1 2 22 Effectiveness 1 5 1 4 1 23 Cost 2 3 5 1 1 2

TOTAL 11 11 6 4 60.090909091 0.090909091 0.166666667 0.25 0.166666667

1 2 3 4 5Metrics Importance Enclosure Potting Compound Airbags?

1 Ease of Design 2 1 2 32 Effectiveness 1 1 2 33 Cost 3 2 1 34 Weight 1 1 2 3

TOTAL 10 11 210.1 0.090909091 0.047619048

1 2 3 4 5Metrics Importance Accelerometer On/Off Switch Animal Circuit Activation Limit Switch

1 Ease of Design 2 1 1 4 32 Effectiveness 1 1 3 4 23 Cost 3 2 1 4 24 Weight 1 1 2 3 4

TOTAL 10 10 27 18

Activate TransmitterSolution

Solution

Indicate LocationSolution

Protect Functional Integrity

Concept SelectionSolution Number--> 1 2 3 4 5

Attach to Arrow 2-Clip 2-Clip 2-Clip 1-Spring-Dowel Pin 2-ClipAttach to Wildlife 1-Barbed Hook 2-Pronged Tip 1-Barbed Hook 2-Pronged Tip 1-Barbed Hook

Transmit/Receive Signal 4-Radio Waves 4-Radio Waves 1-Transponder 1-Transponder 4-Radio WavesIndicate Location 3-Blinking LED 5-Dial Indicator 3-Blinking LED 3-Blinking LED 4 - Cell Phone Interface

Protect Functional Integrity 1-Enclosure 1-Enclosure 1-Enclosure 2-Potting Compound 1-EnclosureActivate Trandmitter 1-Accelerometer 2-On/Off Switch 1-Accelerometer 2-On/Off Switch 2-On/Off Switch

Physical Architecture

RF Receiver

RX Antenna

RF Transmitter

Battery

Arrow Clip

GPS Satellites

Arrow Attachment Handheld Device

Tx Antenna

GPS Receiver

Audio Jack

GPS Receiver

Google Maps

Microcontroller

Hide Hook

Active Antenna(s)

iPhone

Google Maps Integration

Handheld Device

Receive GPS Coordinates

Display Phone

Location

Display GPS

Coordinate Location

Store Locations

on the Cloud as a

“Map”

Google MapsHandheld Device Application

Relay GPS Coordinates to Google

Maps

Sends Save Command to Google Maps

Bow Efficiency vs Arrow Weight

Example

B.W. Kooi - “On the Mechanics of the Bow and Arrow”

Baseline Drag Analysis Reference Stalker ExtreemeTemperature F 30 F

C - 1.1 CElevation Ft 100 Ft

m 0.0 mAir Pressure Pa 101325 PaRelative Humidity % 75 %Pressure H2O Pa 418 PaPressure dry air Pa 100907.2243 Padensity air kg/m^3 1.296 kg/m^3Projectile size and mass Projectile size and masscaliber cal 31 caldiameter m 0.0079375 marea m^2 4.9483E- 05 m^2mass grain 394 grainmass kg 0.0255312 kg

SD kg/m.m 405.2 kg/m.mBC 0.0641i 8.992average Cd 2.097k 1/m 0.002635 1/m

G1 ReferenceV (ft/s) V (m/s) Cd (G390) d (m/s.s) arrow d (ft/s.s) G390

10 3.04785 2.243673306 0.026180711 0.0858947220 6.0957 2.247839019 0.104917276 0.34421678540 12.1914 2.204876302 0.411648011 1.35055121965 19.811 2.249027013 1.10877441 3.63771132680 24.3828 2.162734726 1.615120898 5.298953087

100 30.4785 2.204399553 2.572243766 8.439119982130 39.6221 2.13369768 4.207667356 13.80468295150 45.7178 2.125213789 5.579649935 18.30593813200 60.957 2.108260178 9.840247144 32.28427546225 68.5767 2.1013581 12.41329035 40.72601826250 76.1963 2.018127455 14.71805485 48.28758162550 167.632 1.806890912 63.77920795 209.2493702

Video of Arrow Slow Motion

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CO102jz8sFM

Front of CenterInputs Value UnitsBroadhead Weight 100 GrainsBroadhead Length 1.5 inchesArrow Weight 450 GrainsArrow Length 32 inchesAttachment Placement behind Broadhead 2 inchesLow FOC 7.00%High FOC 15.00%

Center of Gravity CalculationsShaft COG 0.4064 mBroadhead COG 0.82423 mAttachment COG 0.7874 m

Optimal C.O.G. CalculationsL 0.8509 mLow COG 0.485013 mHigh COG 0.553085 m

Force CalculationsLow Broadhead contribution 0.002198 NmLow Shaft contribution 0.002292 NmHigh Broadhead contribution 0.001757 NmHigh Shaft contribution 0.004277 Nm

Minimum Attachment Weight 0.311612 gramsMaxiumum Attachment Weight 10.75592 grams

Minimum Attachment Weight 4.808904 grainsMaxiumum Attachment Weight 165.9892 grains

Optimal F.O.C values were found at Goldtip.com and ArcheryReport.com

Arrow Trajectory

Inputs for Trajectory with DragInitial Velocity 231 ft/s

70 m/sLaunch Angle (from slider) 0.000 degreebow angle 0.000Launch height (eye=0) 1 metersDrag Coefficient 1.25000 (1/m)Drag Power 1.0Projectile Mass 550 grains

0.03564 kg

CALCULATIONS FOR VELOCITYArrow Mass 0.03564 kgBow Weight 65 ft lbsEnergy 88.127 J oules

Muzzle Velocity 70.3233018 m/sMuzzle Velocity 230.719502 ft/s

Possible Designs

Arrow Flight Test

Test Procedure 10 shots fired from 20 meters of each design Velocity measure with radar gun for each shot Deviation measured from bulls-eye in mm Calculate mean, median, standard deviation…etc

Iterate Test Procedure for a normal arrow and each attachment design.

Test Data Sheet

Description Total WeightUnits - Grams accuracy(mm) velocity(m/s) accuracy(mm) velocity(m/s) accuracy(mm) velocity(m/s) accuracy(mm) velocity(m/s) accuracy(mm) velocity(m/s)

Baseline ArrowStreamline (5 grams)Streamline (11 grams)Cylinder (5 grams)Cylinder (11 grams)Oblong (5 grams)Oblong (11 grams)Taper (5 grams)Taper (11 grams)

Shot 1 Shot 2 Shot 3 Shot 4 Shot 5

Description Total Weight Average Accuracy Median Accuracy Accuracy St. Dev. Average Velocity- Grams mm mm mm m/s

Baseline ArrowStreamline (5 grams)Streamline (11 grams)Cylinder (5 grams)Cylinder (11 grams)Oblong (5 grams)Oblong (11 grams)Taper (5 grams)Taper (11 grams)

Arrow Attachment Device Electronics

GPS Receiver

Linx Technologies RXM-GPS-RM Includes evaluation kit Operating Voltage: 3.0-4.3V (Typically 3.3V) Supply Current: 12-14mA (Peak of 44mA) NMEA Output Messages Embedded Ceramic Antenna (not included)

RF Transceiver

Linx Technologies TRM-915-R250 No evaluation kit included, plan to substitute using Raspberry

Pi Operating Voltage: 3.3V Supply Current: Receive: 25mA Transmit: 60-200mA

Frequency: 902-928MHz Can transmit to distances of up to 4km

Antenna Considerations Friis Equation can be used to calculate range

Arrow attachment device may need multiple antennas Interference can be predicted using permittivity of materials

Linx’s recommendation:

Power Consumption

Arrow Attachment Electronics

DevicePower Consumption

(mW)GPS Receiver 42.9RF Transmitter 330

Total: 372.9

User Device Electronics

DevicePower Consumption

(mW)RF Receiver 25

 Microcontroller 5Total: 30

𝑃=𝑉 ∗𝐼

ID Risk Item Effect CauseLikelihood

Severity

Importamce

Action to Minimize Risk Owner

1 Effect on flight of the arrowThe attachment could

cause an inaccurate shot

The aerodynamics of the arrow become

faulty3 3 9

Ensure the aerodynamics of the arrow are unaffected by the attachment

Tim/Alex

2 Range of the DeviceLocation of the animal

unknown

The animal becomes out of range of the

device3 3 9 Wireless data transmission test Eric/Joe/Frank

3Enough holding force for the

attachment to the arrow

Tracker doesn’t stay on arrow during flight or

impact

Not enough holding force to the arrow

3 3 9Test by applying a pulling force to the

attachment of the arrowTim/Alex

4Unfamiliarity with wireless

Transmitting/Receiving

Difficulties choosing the best method for signal

translation

Lack of RF/wireless transmission knowledge

3 3 9Seek help from an expert in the signals

field (ie. Dr. Amuso)Eric/Joe/Frank

5 Circuitry size constraintWeight and size of arrow

becomes too robustUnnecessary circuitry 3 3 9

Keep the circuitry small enough to fit into your palm

Eric/Joe/Frank

6Placement of mechanism

onto arrow

Cause injury/ harm to the user or effect the accuracy

of the shot

Placing the device towards the butt of the

arrow3 3 9

Avoid placing the device towards the back or mid section of the arrow

Tim/Alex

Risk Assessment A

Risk Assessment B

ID Risk Item Effect CauseLikelihood

Severity

Importance

Action to Minimize Risk Owner

7 Loss of Signal Transmission Animal becomes lost

Heavily wooded areas or obstacles blocking the

signal of the attachment to the user device

2 3 6

Explore all frequencies for which the RF components can operate on, and select the frequency which provides the most minimal

interference

Eric/Joe/Frank

8 Animal falling on top of attachment

The signals from the attachment will be seriously if not completely attenuated

The body of the animal causes a median, for

which signals cannot pass through

2 3 6 Operate in a range of frequency, which signals can pass through the deer carcass Team P14347

9 Detachability of the device

If the device doesn’t detach the attachment

could block the penetration of the shot

Faulty detachment mechanism

2 2 4Test the device on different material

surfacesTim/Alex

10 Part Lead Times Delays in the projection Procrastination 2 2 4Ensure the parts are ordered ahead of

schedule Team P14347

11 Avoiding Patent Infringement Product can’t go to marketLack of attention to detail and patents

1 2 2Be aware and research all current

restraints by patentsTeam P14347

12Durability of attachment

(Reusability)

Device is fragile and requires replacing

periodically

Weak materials and poor construction of

device2 1 2

Ensure that weak, brittle materials are a last resort

Tim/Alex

13 Budget Conservation Going over budget Poor budgeting 1 1 1 Draft and follow a strict budget Team P14347

14 Geometry of the deviceAn alarming sound, alerting the animal

Bulky geometry 1 1 1Computation model of the aerodynamic

drag of the attachmentTim/Alex

Test Plan

Bill of Materials

Action Items

Select number/type of antennasTest arrow attachment shapesDecide on form factor and dimensionsSelect batteryTest/experiment with Linx Technology products as they arrive

Complete designFull BOM & pricing of parts necessary for MSD IIOptimize budget

Project Plan for MSD II

PrototypingApplication development (for Google Maps integration)

Maintain budgetTest for engineering requirements

Questions?