Wildlife Tracker: Complete Design

Review

MSD I

Team P14347

Team P14347 “Arrow Guys” & Introduction

Member Role

Eric Peterson Team Leader / EE

Alex Pelkey ME

Joseph Ciccarello EE

Frank Meola EE

Timothy Nash ME

AgendaProgress ReportProject BackgroundSystem AnalysisMechanical AnalysisElectrical AnalysisRisk AssessmentTest PlanMSD II PlanQuestions

Progress Report

Google Maps API programming has been explored User Device Module Block Diagram Established (w/ Pin

Connections) Arrow Attachment Deviation Experiment has been conducted Microcontroller selected Budget Finalized BOM refinement is in progress Received Linx Technology products

Previous Questions: Further FCC regulations, 1W for a transmission of digitally

modulated signals in our bandwidth (902-928 MHz) Using one active antenna on each device, multiple miniature

embedded antennas on the arrow attachment

Current & Desired State Injured animals can travel substantial distances, may be

difficult to track Game which has been shot and cannot be found leads to

more animal deaths and inefficient hunting Wildlife Tracker will detach from arrow and remain attached

to animal Handheld device will provide GPS location of animal

StakeholdersPrimary Customer: Dr. Eli SaberFaculty Guide: Art NorthEnd Users: Bow HuntersOther: Hunting Stores/Distributors, Game Wardens,

Environmental Activists, Linx TechnologiesMSD Team 14347

Project Deliverables Durable re-attachable tracking device that connects onto an

arrow Handheld user device that monitors the location of the GPS

attachment ‘Second Chance’ retrieval feature (In case shot is not fatal) Intuitive, easy to understand User Manual Cellphone GPS application

Benchmarking GameVector Deer Recover System

• $399.99• 45 Grains (2.9 grams)• Battery life of 48-72 hours• Up to two mile range• Tested for bows shooting up to 300 feet per second• Currently sold out

Customer Requirements

Engineering Requirements

Functional DecompositionLocate Wildlife

Attach to Arrow

Access Arrow

Attach to Wildlife

Does not alter Shot

Detach from Arrow

Link to Animal

Remains attached during

Flight

Protect Functional Integrity

Safeguard Electronics

Indicate Location of Attachment

Device

Transmit Signal

Activate Transmitter

Receive Signal

Activate Receiver

Process and Interpret Signal

Morphological Analysis

Solutions

Sub-Functions

 

1 2 3 4 5

Attach to ArrowSpring-Dowel

PinClip Adhesive Magnet

Attach to Wildlife

Barbed Hook Pronged TipSpring-Activated

ClampRetractable

Prongs

Transmit/Receive Signal

Transponder WiMAXCell Phone

SignalRadio Waves

Indicate Location

Audio Speaker LCD MapVisual-Blinking

LEDCellphone Integration

Dial Indicator

Protect Functional Integrity

EnclosurePotting

CompoundAirbags?

Activate Transmitter

Accelerometer On/off switchAnimal Circuit

Activation   

Physical Architecture

RF Receiver

RX Antenna

RF Transmitter

Battery

Arrow Clip

GPS Satellites

Arrow Attachment Handheld Device

Tx Antenna

GPS Receiver

Audio Jack

GPS Receiver

Google Maps

Microcontroller

Hide Hook

Active Antenna(s)

iPhone

On/Off Switch

Bow Efficiency vs Arrow Weight

Example

B.W. Kooi - “On the Mechanics of the Bow and Arrow”

Front of CenterInputs Value UnitsBroadhead Weight 100 GrainsBroadhead Length 1.5 inchesArrow Weight 450 GrainsArrow Length 32 inchesAttachment Placement behind Broadhead 2 inchesLow FOC 7.00%High FOC 15.00%

Center of Gravity CalculationsShaft COG 0.4064 mBroadhead COG 0.82423 mAttachment COG 0.7874 m

Optimal C.O.G. CalculationsL 0.8509 mLow COG 0.485013 mHigh COG 0.553085 m

Force CalculationsLow Broadhead contribution 0.002198 NmLow Shaft contribution 0.002292 NmHigh Broadhead contribution 0.001757 NmHigh Shaft contribution 0.004277 Nm

Minimum Attachment Weight 0.311612 gramsMaxiumum Attachment Weight 10.75592 grams

Minimum Attachment Weight 4.808904 grainsMaxiumum Attachment Weight 165.9892 grains

Optimal F.O.C values were found at Goldtip.com and ArcheryReport.com

Arrow Trajectory

Inputs for Trajectory with DragInitial Velocity 231 ft/s

70 m/sLaunch Angle (from slider) 0.000 degreebow angle 0.000Launch height (eye=0) 1 metersDrag Coefficient 1.25000 (1/m)Drag Power 1.0Projectile Mass 550 grains

0.03564 kg

CALCULATIONS FOR VELOCITYArrow Mass 0.03564 kgBow Weight 65 ft lbsEnergy 88.127 J oules

Muzzle Velocity 70.3233018 m/sMuzzle Velocity 230.719502 ft/s

Form Factors

Arrow Flight Test

Test ProcedureBow sights calibrated for regular arrow5 shots fired from 20 meters of each designX and Y Distances measure from bulls-eyeCalculate mean, median, standard deviation…

etc

Test Attachments

400 Grain Carbon Arrows with 125 Grain Field Tips 65lb Martin “MAG CAT” Compound Bow

Attachment Weight Total Weightgrams grams

Arrow - 34.02Tapered Obround 43.1 77.12Obround 55.15 89.17Tapered 45.75 79.77Streamline 55.23 89.25

Testing Photos

Arrow Flight TestAverage Distance

mm X Y DistanceBaseline 19.45 12.44 19.01 16.34Tapered Obround 399.12 12.44 35.56 35.39Obround 833.66 25.90 233.02 232.74Tapered 350.92 55.65 52.30 51.60Streamline 270.34 22.14 34.45 33.77

Standard Deviation (mm)

Other Testing Notes

The attachments ended up being much heavier than expected

Arrow speed was not measured but was visibly slower for all attachments

All attachments except the streamline were very loud when traveling through the air

Experimental Video to display

Arrow Attachment Device Electronics

User Device Electronics

GPS Receiver

Linx Technologies RXM-GPS-RM Includes evaluation kit Operating Voltage: 3.0-4.3V (Typically 3.3V) Supply Current: 12-14mA (Peak of 44mA) NMEA Output Messages Embedded Ceramic Antenna (not included)

GPS Receiver

RF Transceiver

Linx Technologies TRM-915-R250 No evaluation kit included, plan to substitute using Raspberry

Pi Operating Voltage: 3.3V Supply Current: Receive: 25mA Transmit: 60-200mA

Frequency: 902-928MHz Can transmit to distances of up to 4km Relying on newer model being released this summer

Microcontroller Made by Microchip Technology Programmable Intelligent Computer

Low Cost Widely Used Serial Programming in C

MPLAB Free IDE provided by Microchip

Operating Current 175μA

Operating Voltage 2.0V – 5.5V

Antenna Selection TX Antenna:

66089 Series by Anaren 915MHz center frequency SWR <1.7 typical Gain: 3dBi Quarter wave

RX Antenna: ANT-916 by Linx 916MHz center frequency SWR <1.9 typical Gain: 1.8dBi Quarter wave

GPS Antenna: W3011A by Pulse Electronics Ceramic Gain: 3-3.3dBi 1.575GHz center frequency Surface mount

Conceptual Model of User Device

Power Consumption

Arrow Attachment Electronics

DevicePower Consumption

(mW)GPS Receiver 42.9RF Transmitter 330

Total: 372.9

User Device Electronics

DevicePower Consumption

(mW)RF Receiver 25

 Microcontroller 1Total: 30

𝑃=𝑉 ∗𝐼

Google Maps Integration

Handheld Device

Receive GPS Coordinates

Display Phone

Location

Display GPS

Coordinate Location

Store Locations

on the Cloud as a

“Map”

Google MapsHandheld Device Application

Relay GPS Coordinates to Google

Maps

Sends Save Command to Google Maps

Google Maps API

ID Risk Item Effect CauseLikelihood

Severity

Importance

Action to Minimize Risk Owner

1 Effect on flight of the arrowThe attachment could cause an inaccurate

shot

The aerodynamics of the arrow become

faulty3 3 9

Ensure the aerodynamics of the arrow are unaffected by the

attachmentTim/Alex

2 Range of the DeviceLocation of the animal

unknown

The animal becomes out of range of the

device3 3 9 Wireless data transmission test Eric/Joe/Frank

3Enough holding force for

the attachment to the arrow

Tracker doesn’t stay on arrow during flight or

impact

Not enough holding force to the arrow

3 3 9Test by applying a pulling force to

the attachment of the arrowTim/Alex

4Unfamiliarity with wireless

Transmitting/Receiving

Difficulties choosing the best method for signal

translation

Lack of RF/wireless transmission knowledge

3 3 9Seek help from an expert in the

signals field (ie. Dr. Amuso)Eric/Joe/Frank

5 Circuitry size constraintWeight and size of arrow becomes too

robust

Unnecessary circuitry

3 3 9Keep the circuitry small enough to

fit into your palmEric/Joe/Frank

6Placement of mechanism

onto arrow

Cause injury/ harm to the user or effect the accuracy of the shot

Placing the device towards the butt of

the arrow3 3 9

Avoid placing the device towards the back or mid section of the arrow

Tim/Alex

7 Transceiver Dimensions Increases arrow attachment size

To fit the transceiver, the attachment will have to be enlarged

3 2 6Adjust arrow dynamics of the arrow

attachment, or find a smaller RF transceiver

P14347

Risk Assessment A

Risk Assessment BID Risk Item Effect Cause

Likelihood

Severity

Importance

Action to Minimize Risk Owner

8 Loss of Signal Transmission Animal becomes lost

Heavily wooded areas or obstacles blocking

the signal of the attachment to the user

device

2 3 6

Explore all frequencies for which the RF components can operate on, and select the frequency which provides the most

minimal interference

Eric/Joe/Frank

9 Animal falling on top of attachment

The signals from the attachment will be

seriously if not completely attenuated

The body of the animal causes a median, for which signals cannot

pass through

2 3 6Operate in a range of frequency, which

signals can pass through the deer carcass

Team P14347

10 Detachability of the device

If the device doesn’t detach the attachment

could block the penetration of the shot

Faulty detachment mechanism

2 2 4Test the device on different material

surfacesTim/Alex

11 Part Lead Times Delays in the projection Procrastination 2 2 4Ensure the parts are ordered ahead

of schedule Team P14347

12Avoiding Patent

InfringementProduct can’t go to

marketLack of attention to detail and patents

1 2 2Be aware and research all current

restraints by patentsTeam P14347

13Durability of attachment

(Reusability)

Device is fragile and requires replacing

periodically

Weak materials and poor construction of

device2 1 2

Ensure that weak, brittle materials are a last resort

Tim/Alex

14 Budget Conservation Going over budget Poor budgeting 1 1 1 Draft and follow a strict budget Team P14347

15 Geometry of the deviceAn alarming sound, alerting the animal

Bulky geometry 1 1 1Computation model of the aerodynamic drag of the

attachmentTim/Alex

Test Plan

Bill of Materials

Project Plan for MSD II

Prototyping Design3D Printing Enclosures

Application Development (for Google Maps Integration)

Integrate the User Device ModuleMonitor budgetTest for engineering requirementsUtilize summer for further progress

Questions?