whii: sol 13 a, b the cold war. beginning of the cold war (1945–1948) the yalta conference and the...
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WHII: SOL 13 a, b
The Cold War
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Beginning of the Cold War (1945–1948)
• The Yalta Conference and the Soviet control of Eastern Europe
• Rivalry between the United States and the U.S.S.R.
• Democracy and the free enterprise system vs. dictatorship and communism
• President Truman and the Policy of Containment• Allow communism to continue but not expand into
new nations• Eastern Europe: Soviet satellite nations, the Iron
Curtain
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Characteristics of the Cold War (1948–1989)
• North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) vs. Warsaw Pact
• Korean War• Vietnam War• Berlin and significance of Berlin Wall• Cuban Missile Crisis• Nuclear weapons and the theory of deterrence
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Korean War• Korea was divided by U.S. and U.S.S.R at the
38th parallel (temporarily)• Communist North Korea led by Kim Il Sung
attacked dictatorial (noncommunist) South Korea led by Syngman Rhee
• U.N. and China get involved• Ends in a stalemate with a DMZ (demilitarized
zone) along the 38th parallel
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Vietnam War• Vietnam was also divided between communist
North Vietnam led by Ho Chi Minh and democratic South Vietnam led by Ngo Dinh Diem
• Domino Theory- the view that a communist victory in S. Vietnam would cause other gov’ts. across SE Asia would fall to communism
• U.S. fighting communist forces in the North and Southern communists forces trying to overthrow the democratic gov’t.
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Vietnam War• Gulf of Tonkin Resolution- gave president
permission to use any force necessary to prevent further aggression in SE Asia
• Guerilla Warfare-small groups of loosely organized soldiers making surprise attacks
• Tet offensive-communist attacks on Vietnamese New Year(very bloody), turned American opinion of the war
• U.S. pulls out of the war 1973, two years later the communists took over the entire peninsula
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Berlin Wall
• 1961• Massive concrete barrier, topped with barbed
wire and patrolled by guards• The wall showed that far from enjoying a
communist paradise, people had to forcibly kept from fleeing
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Cuban Missile Crisis
• 1962- Soviet Union sent missiles to Cuba• U.S. set-up a naval blockade• U.S. demanded the missiles be removed• 13 days-tense due to threat of nuclear war• Missiles were removed, war was averted
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Collapse of communism in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe
• Soviet economic collapse• Nationalism in Warsaw Pact countries• Tearing down of Berlin Wall• Breakup of the Soviet Union• Expansion of NATO
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Breakup of the Soviet Union
• Baltic States (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania) break away in 1989
• 1991-12 independent nations emerged from former U.S.S.R
• Communism began to fail• Affects China, Cuba, Vietnam, and Korea• Russia encourages political and economic
changes to communist nations