Livingston High SchoolScience Department

End-of-Course Biology Pre- Assessment

This practice test for the End-of Course Biology Assessment is made up of three parts, consisting of multiple-choice questions and open-ended questions.

Work as rapidly as you can without sacrificing accuracy. Do not spend too much time puzzling over a question. Answer the easier questions first; then return to the harder ones.

Where necessary, you may use blank spaces in the test booklet for your work. YOU MUST RECORD ALL OF YOUR ANSWERS IN THE SEPARATE MULTIPLE CHOICE ANSWER SHEET (Scantron® Form)/ANSWER SHEET. No credit will be given for anything written in this test booklet. Your response must be in English in order to be scored.

For multiple-choice questions, mark only one answer for each question by filling in the corresponding circle on the answer folder. MAKE SURE THAT EACH MARK IS HEAVY AND DARK AND COMPLETELY FILLS THE CIRCLE. If you change an answer, be sure to erase your first choice completely. Incomplete erasures may be read as intended answers.

Respond fully to the open-ended questions in the area provided in the answer folder. Specific directions with each question will refer you to the page in your answer folder where your response is to be written. For each of these questions, provide enough explanation so that the scorer can understand your solution. When asked to explain an answer, you may use words, tables, diagrams, or pictures.

Part 1 Multiple Choice – 45 1-point questions and 1 3-point constructed response questionAnswer these questions on the answer sheet provided.

1. Which statement is not a part of the cell theory? a. Cells are the basic unit of structure of living things.b. Cells are the basic unit of function of living things.c. Cell parts such as chloroplasts are self replicating.d. Cells come from preexisting cells.

2. Which cell organelle is most directly involved with the bonding of amino acids?a. Mitochondrion b. endoplasmic reticulumc. cell walld. ribosome

3. In a chemical analysis of a sample of animal tissue, which element would most likely be found in the smallest quantity?

a. hydrogen b. iodine c. carbon d. oxygen

4. In the enzyme-controlled reaction represented by the word equation below, which molecules are considered the substrate?

monosaccharide + monosaccharide disaccharide + water

a. monosaccharide and monosaccharideb. disaccharide and waterc. monosaccharide and waterd. monosaccharide and disaccharide

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A biologist collected the data shown in the table below.

5. Which statement is supported by the data in the table?a. Populations do not vary from month to month. b. The populations are highest in September. c. The grasshoppers increased in length in July. d. Seasonal variations may affect populations.

6. In humans, the gene for polydactyly (having extra fingers or toes) is dominant over the gene for the normal number of digits. If parents who are both homozygous dominant for polydactyly have four children, how many of these children would most likely have extra fingers or toes?

a. 0 b. 3c. 2 d. 4

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Base your answer to question 7 on the information below and on your knowledge of biology.

Students cut 20 rod-shaped pieces of potato of the same diameter and length. Five pieces of potato were placed into each of four beakers containing different concentrations of sugar solutions. Each potato piece was measured again after 24 hours. The table below shows the results of their experiment.

7. Which graph best represents the information in the data table?

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a. b.

c. d.

8. A cross between two plants that have pink flowers produced plants that have red, pink, or white flowers. Which is the most likely explanation for these results?

a. Intermediate inheritance involved alleles that were not clearly dominant or recessive.

b. Mutations occurred during gametogenesis. c. Crossing-over of white and red alleles that occurred during meiosis.d. Nondisjunction of homologous pairs of chromosomes resulted in the production

of abnormal offspring.

9. The types of enzymes produced in a cell are regulated by thea. order of nucleotides in DNA molecules b. shape of DNA moleculesc. size of nucleotides in DNA moleculesd. location of DNA molecules

10. The idea that evolution takes place at a continuous but very slow rate is known asa. Succession b. artificial selection c. punctuated equilibrium d. gradualism

11. An example of a population isa. all the Zapus hudsonicus in New Jerseyb. all the fish in Lake Eriec. the number of different species of Felis in a geographic aread. the number of maples, white oaks, spruce, gray squirrels, and owls in a forest

12. Animals that feed exclusively on herbivores are known as a. primary consumers b. omnivores c. carnivores d. producers

13. As water cycles through an ecosystem, which process returns it to the atmosphere?a. Hydrolysisb. Condensation c. transpiration d. cytoplasmic streaming

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A food web is shown below; use it to answer the next question.

14. Which organisms are necessary for the recycling of nitrogen?a. frogs b. snakesc. grasshoppers d. bacteria

15. Which action by humans has had the most positive ecological impact on the environment?

a. use of pesticides to regulate insect populationsb. importation of organisms such as the Japanese beetle and the zebra mussel into

the United Statesc. overhunting of many predators to prevent the death of prey animalsd. reforestation and planting of native plants to prevent soil erosion

STOP

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FOLDER AND ANSWER

QUESTION NUMBER 1

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Part 1 Constructed Response Question:

Answer this question in the answer folder provided.

An experiment was carried out to determine how competition for living space affects plant height. Different numbers of plants were grown in three pots, A, B, and C. All three pots were the same size. The data collected are shown in the table below.

Analyze the experiment that produced the data shown in the table. In your answer be sure to:• state a hypothesis for the experiment • identify one factor, other than pot size, that should have been kept the same in each experimental group• identify the dependent variable• state whether the data supports or fails to support your hypothesis and justify your answer

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS BOOKLETRECORD YOUR ANSWERS TO THIS CONSTRUCTED RESPONSE ON THE

ANSWER SHEET PROVIDED.

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Part 2 Multiple Choice - 45 1-point questions and 1 3-point constructed response question

16. Which condition has been linked to a diet that is high in saturated fats?a. heart disease b. mental retardationc. arthritis d. emphysema

Base your answers to questions 17 through 20 on the diagram below, which represents some components involved in cellular protein synthesis, and on your knowledge of biology.

17. Molecules C, D, and E will combine to form part of

a. a polypeptide b. DNAc. a polysaccharide d. RNA

18. Structure B represents a molecule ofa. nuclear DNA b. ribosomal RNAc. cytoplasmic DNA d. transfer RNA

19. How many codons are located on the messenger RNA molecule in the diagram?

a. 1 c. 6b. 3 d. 9

20. The type of molecule represented at A is synthesized according to a template found ina. DNA b. Dipeptidesc. RNA d. amino acids

21. In 1994, a new tomato variety that ripens slowly was developed by a laboratory technique that did not involve methods of natural reproduction. This new variety contains a section of a DNA molecule not found in the tomato from which it was originally developed. Which technique was most likely used to develop this new variety of tomato?

a. amniocentesis b. genetic engineering c. cross-pollination d. karyotyping

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Base your answers to questions 22 and 23 on the pedigree chart below, which shows a history of ear lobe shape, and on your knowledge of biology.

22. The genotype of individual 1 could be a. EE, only c. Ee, onlyb. ee, only d. EE or Ee

23. The genotype of individual 2 could bea. EE, only b. ee, onlyc. Ee, only d. EE or Ee

24. Why does each successive feeding level in a pyramid of energy have less biomass?a. Carnivore biomass is less than producer biomass as a result of energy being lost

as it flows from producers to carnivores.b. The primary consumer level contains more stored energy than the producer

level.c. Consumers have more biomass than autotrophs because they must absorb all of

the light energy in an ecosystem.d. Biomass differences in an ecosystem result from competition between producers.

25. The action of decomposer bacteria in the nitrogen cycle most directly aids in the a. synthesis of proteins from nitrates b. removal of nitrogen compounds (N2) from the atmosphere c. restoration of nitrogen compounds (in the form of ammonia) to the soil d. fixation of atmospheric nitrogen (into nitrates)

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26. A chicken bone was placed in a graduated cylinder containing 100 milliliters of water. The diagram below illustrates the new level of water. What is the volume of the chicken bone?

a. 41 mLb. 141 mLc. 42 mLd. 142 mL

Students conducting a study on an insect population placed 25 insects of the same size in a box. The amount of food, water, and shelter available to the insects was kept constant. Each month, students removed and counted the number of insects present, recorded the total, and returned the insects to the box. The graph below shows the number of insects in the box over a 12- month period.

27. What inference can be made regarding this insect population?a. All the insects in the box are the same age. b. The insects hibernated from January to April. c. The population has carnivorous members. d. The population reached has stopped growing by January.

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The relative amount of oxygen in the atmosphere of Earth over millions of years is shown in the graph below.

28. At what point in the history of Earth did autotrophs most likely first appear?a. 3500 million years ago b. 1500 million years agoc. 2500 million years ago d. 500 million years ago

Use the information below to answer question 29.

A large island in the Pacific Ocean supports isolated populations of two groups of frogs. The following observations of these frogs were recorded by scientists.

(1) Are different in color(2) Excrete different waste products(3) Live in different, isolated habitats(4) Can interbreed and produce fertile offspring

29. Which observation best supports the inference that these frogs belong to the same species?

a. 1 b. 2c. 3 d. 4

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Atmospheric O2 Production over time

Species A, B, C, and D are all different heterotrophs involved in the same food chain in an ecosystem. The chart below shows the population of each species at the same time on a summer day.

30. Which statement best describes one of these species of heterotrophs?a. Species A is the most numerous because it can make its own food.b. Species B probably feeds on species D.c. Species C and B interbred to produce species A.d. Species D is most likely the top predator in the food chain.

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QUESTION NUMBER 2

Part 2 Constructed Response Question:

Answer this question in the answer folder provided.

Base your answers to the constructed response question on the information and diagram below and on your knowledge of biology.

The diagram illustrates an investigation carried out in a laboratory activity on diffusion. The beaker and the artificial cell also contain water.

A. Predict what would happen over time by showing the location of molecules I, G, and S in diagram B below.

B. State what is observed when there is a positive test for starch using the starch indicator.

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DO NOT WRITE IN THIS BOOKLETRECORD YOUR ANSWERS TO THIS CONSTRUCTED RESPONSE ON THE

ANSWER SHEET PROVIDED.

Part 3 Multiple Choice - 45 1-point questions and 1 3-point constructed response question

Base your answers to questions 31 and 32 on the information and diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. The diagram below represents a specimen on a slide as seen with the low-power objective of a compound light microscope.

31. Which direction should the slide be moved so that the entire specimen will be in view?a. To the left b. To the right

32. Which type of cell is most likely represented in this diagram?a. Plant cellb. Animal cellc. Protist cell such as an Amoeba

33. A student observing a specimen using the low power objective of a compound light microscope has difficulty viewing the image because the field of view is too dark. The student can correct the problem by

a. adjusting the diaphragm b. using the coarse adjustment c. switching to the high-power objective d. cleaning the high-power objective

34. When onion cells are observed with a compound light microscope, which laboratory technique is used to make the nucleus more visible?

a. centrifugation b. microdissectionc. chromatography d. staining

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Some steps involved in DNA replication and protein synthesis are summarized in the table below.

35. At which step would a mutation lead directly to the formation of an altered gene?a. Ab. Bc. Cd. D

36. Which procedure would most likely provide valid results in a test to determine if drug A would be effective in treating cancer in white mice?

a. injecting 1 mL of drug A into 100 white mice with cancerb. injecting 1 mL of drug A into 100 white mice with cancer and 0.5 mL of drug X

into 100 white mice without cancerc. injecting 1 mL of drug A into 100 white mice with cancer and 0.5 mL of drug X

into another group of 100 white mice with cancerd. injecting 1 mL of drug A into 100 white mice with cancer and 1 mL of distilled

water into another group of 100 white mice with cancer

The table below provides some information concerning organelles and organs.

37. Based on this information, which statement accurately compares organelles to organs?a. Functions are carried out more efficiently by organs than by organelles.b. Organs maintain homeostasis while organelles do not.c. Organelles carry out functions similar to those of organs.d. Organelles function in multicellular organisms while organs function in single-

celled organisms.

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38. In order to produce the first white marigold flower, growers began with the lightest yellow flowered marigold plants. After crossing them, these plants produced seeds, which were planted, and only the offspring with very light yellow flowers were used to produce the next generation. Repeating this process over many years, growers finally produced a marigold flower that is considered the first white variety of its species. This procedure is known as

a. Natural selection/survival of the fittestb. gene insertionc. cloning d. artificial selection/selective breeding

39. Chromosomes can be described asa. large molecules that have only one function b. folded chains of bonded glucose molecules c. reproductive cells composed of molecular bases d. coiled strands of genetic material

40. Which concept is best illustrated in the flow chart above?a. natural selectionb. dynamic equilibrium c. genetic manipulation d. material cycles

41. The headline “Improved Soybeans Produce Healthier Vegetable Oils” accompanies an article describing how a biotechnology company controls the types of lipids (fats) present in soybeans. The improved soybeans are most likely being developed by the process of

a. natural selection b. asexual reproductionc. genetic engineeringd. habitat modification

42. Which statement indicates one difference between the gene that codes for insulin and the gene that codes for testosterone in humans?

a. The gene for insulin is replicated in vacuoles, while the gene for testosterone is replicated in mitochondria.

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b. The gene for insulin has a different sequence of nitrogenous bases than the gene for testosterone.

c. The gene for insulin is turned on in liver cells, but the gene for testosterone is not.

d. The gene for insulin is a sequence of five different nitrogenous bases while the gene for testosterone is a sequence of only four different molecular bases.

43. Which sequence represents the correct order of processes that result in the formation and development of an embryo

a. meiosis fertilization mitosisb. mitosis fertilization meiosisc. fertilization meiosis mitosisd. fertilization mitosis meiosis

The graph below shows the percent of variation for a given trait in four different populations of the same species. The populations inhabit similar environments.

44. In which population will the greatest number of individuals most likely survive if a significant environmental change related to this trait occurs?

a. 1 b. 2c. 3d. 4

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The diagram below illustrates possible evolutionary pathways of some species.

45. Which statement is a valid inference based on the information in the diagram?a. Species A is the common ancestor of all life on Earth.b. Species D is more closely related to species E than to species F.c. Species B is the ancestor of species F.d. Species C is the ancestor of species that exist at the present time.

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QUESTION NUMBER 3

1.5 million years ago (MYA)

Part 3 Constructed Response Question:

Answer this question in the answer folder provided.

Base your answers to the constructed response question on the information and diagrams below and on your knowledge of biology.

The laboratory setups represented below were used to investigate the effect of temperature on cellular respiration in yeast (a single-celled organism). Each of two flasks containing equal amounts of a yeast-glucose solution was submerged in a water bath, one kept at 20°C and one kept at 35°C. The number of gas bubbles released from the glass tube in each setup was observed and the results were recorded every 5 minutes for a period of 25 minutes. The data are summarized in the table below.

Using the information in the data table, construct a line graph on the grid in your answer folder, following the directions below.

A. Title your graph and mark an appropriate scale on each axis.

B. Plot the data for the total number of bubbles released at 20°C on the grid in your answer folder. Surround each point with a small circle and connect the points.

A. Plot the data for the total number of bubbles released at 35°C on the grid. Surround each point with a small triangle and connect the points.

B. State one relationship between temperature and the rate of gas production in yeast.C. Identify the gas that would be produced by the process taking place in both laboratory

setups.

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DO NOT WRITE IN THIS BOOKLETRECORD YOUR ANSWERS TO THIS CONSTRUCTED

RESPONSE ON THE ANSWER SHEET PROVIDED.