http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/cold.war/episodes/01/

What is the Cold War???

• growing mistrust between the 2 Superpowers: Soviet Union & the U.S. – Iron Curtain (symbolic boundary dividing

Europe into 2)• lasted from the 1920’s – 1990’s• Western Europe & the U.S. vs. Eastern Europe,

China, & the Soviet Union• no actual fighting battles, but lots of tension,

rivalry, & political battles (Domino Theory – one incident led to another)– Soviet blockade of Berlin– Berlin Wall– Bay of Pigs – Cuban Missile Crisis– Truman Doctrine– Korean War– Space Race– Nuclear Arms Race– Capitalism & Democracy (U.S.) VS. Communism (Soviet

Union)

Berlin Blockade

• end of WWII, Germany was split into 4 zones

• France, Britain, & U.S. combined their zones

• U.S.S.R. did not want a democratic govt. situated in middle of East Germany

• U.S.S.R. decided to blockade W. Berlin; in response, British & American planes airlifted supplies into W. Berlin

• soon after… Berlin wall built

President Truman• wanted to prevent the further

expansion of communism in Europe• Truman Doctrine – U.S. would

dedicate economic aid to help foreign countries fight communism

• COMMUNISM – favoring equal distribution of wealth & the end of all private property

• Marshall Plan – gave financial aid to European allies to rebuild their countries after WWII– $13 billion between 1948 – 1952– offered Soviet Union, but they

refused• the Fair Deal – reform programs

after WWII

The Fair Deal

• it was intended to bring full employment & a higher minimum wage for Americans

• it called for more affordable housing, expanded Social Security benefits, & aid for farmers

• it also dealt with civil rights – calling for an end to lynching & discrimination & for voter protection laws

• it funded domestic improvements– building highways– GI bill $$$

Korean War

•2 Koreas (Northern – communists & Southern – controlled by the U.N.)•North Korea (trained by Soviets) invaded South Korea in order to spread communism; Truman sent troops immediately over•Chinese (communists) helped N. Korea vs. U.S. (democracy) helped S. Korea; the U.N. voted to use military force in Korea•Election of 1952 – Republican President, Eisenhower (former WWII general) won! war changes•The U.S. never declared war in Korea

IKE (Eisenhower)• Eisenhower Doctrine -

Threatened the use of atomic weapons in Korea 2 sides signed a peace treaty soon after

• To this day… 2 sides (North & South)… tensions still exist… U.S. forces still there

• “New Look” in U.S. foreign policy massive retaliation – the use of nuclear

weapons to fight communist attack

TrumanIke

What is Communism?• a type of socialism;

establishes a classless nation based upon common ownership of the means of production

• Karl Marx – German ideologist; the Communist Manifesto (1848)– the “Father of

Communism” – thought capitalism would end

– working class should revolt against middle class

– years later the Marxist Bolsheviks took over Russia & started the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (leader – Vladimir Lenin)

The Red Scare

•fear of communism (the Communist party exists in the U.S. & its spreading all over eastern Europe & Asia)•HUAC, govt. agency, investigates American people’s involvement in communism•blacklisting – refusing to hire because a person may be communist•Hollywood investigated & up in arms•Internal Security Act – required organizations thought to be communist to register with the govt. & allowed govt. the right to arrest people suspected of communism

McCarthy

• a Senator who began a campaign to expose Communists in the U.S.

• he accused people of being communists without adequate proof & exploited the fear of communism McCarthyism

• people scared of proving him wrong, for fear that he would called them a communist

• he then went after communism in the military… that pushed it too far

• McCarthy then voted out of office by Congress

Nuclear Arms Race

• who would have the most WMD’s???– SALT – Strategic Arms Limitation Talks

• from atomic bomb to hydrogen bomb (more powerful)

• U.S. not the only one with this technology (Soviet Union has it too)

• Families built underground bomb shelters to escape radiation

• children practiced “duck & cover” drills at schools

Space Race

•Sputnik – Soviet satellite sent into space; Americans worried that the Soviets were beating the U.S. technologically in the Cold War•in response, the U.S. created NASA (National Aeronautics & Space Administration) & funded/pushed more math, science, & foreign language in education•Eisenhower created it, JF Kennedy made it what it is today

the Bay of Pigs• 1959, Fidel Castro, Cuba vs.

Kennedy, U.S.• Castro established a

communist dictatorship in Cuba & an alliance with the Soviet Union

• Cuba very close to U.S. scared Americans

• Kennedy/Ike’s plan – CIA trained Cuban exiles to invade island on the Bay of Pigs

• Castro attacked back, invasion turned into a disaster

• FAILED!!!

The Cuban Missile Crisis

The Cuban Missile Crisis

•Soviets installing nuclear missiles in Cuba (could hit U.S.)

•U.S. navy then surrounded Cuba to prevent & block Soviet ships from bringing in more missiles

• Soviet ships then approached the U.S. blockade… time stood still… Soviet ships turned back

• Compromise: Soviets removed missiles, U.S. not invade Cuba, & create a “hotline” (the red phone between 2 superpowers)– Limited Nuclear Test Ban Treaty –

created by Kennedy & Soviet leader, Khrushchev, ended testing of nuclear weapons above ground

The Berlin Wall• after WWII, the Allies

divided Berlin in 2 (West – U.S. & East Berlin – Soviet Union)

• East Berliners began crossing into West Berlin… this alarmed the Communists Berlin Wall (built by Soviets) attempt to stop border crossing– stood for decades as a

symbol of the Cold War

Vietnam Conflict

• war fought between communist Democratic Republic of Vietnam (N. Vietnam) & Republic of Vietnam (S. Vietnam)

• U.S. sided with S. Vietnam• Communist allies sided with

N. Vietnam• N. Vietnam wanted

independence from French colonialism

War Powers Act 1973

• Because of Korea & Vietnam, this fed. law is created

• President cannot send troops (unless under attack) to war; only Congress has that power

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