the cold war overview and further understanding. the cold war what was the cold war? the ideological...
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The Cold WarOverview and Further Understanding
The Cold WarWhat was the Cold War?The ideological conflict between the United States and the USSR that lasted from 1945 until the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991.
Why was it called the “Cold War”?Neither nation ever directly engaged the other in combat.
Containment: Main strategy of the United States during the Cold War. “Contain” communism where it exists to stop the spread of communism. (ex: Truman Doctrine, Eisenhower Doctrine, Reagan Doctrine, Korean War, Vietnam)
Domino Theory: Belief that if one nation falls to communist ideas the nations nearby will also fall to communism (plague/disease ideology).
Satellite Nation: A country that is dominated politically and economically by the USSR.(ex: Poland during the Cold War).
Brinkmanship:The practice of threatening an enemy with massive military retaliation for any aggression; taking a conflict to the “brink” of nuclear war.
Terms to Know
North Atlantic Treaty Organization: In April 1949, the USA set up NATO for collective security against any Soviet attack.
Warsaw Pact: The USSR set up an alliance known as the Warsaw Pact in 1955, uniting all Communist countries in Eastern Europe (except Yugoslavia).
Terms to Know
NATO & Warsaw Pact
Understanding BerlinBerlin Blockade, Berlin Airlift, Berlin Wall
19611948 1948 to 1949
Understanding BerlinThe Berlin BlockadeHow did it start?When the United States, France, and Great Britain united their sectors to form West Germany.
USSR blockaded West Berlin in 1948 to stop the flow of supplies in hopes of winning West Berlin.
The West faced their first tough decision:How could they save West Berlin without starting a war?
QUESTION.What would the West ultimately do to save West Berlin?
The Berlin Blockade and Airlift
QUESTION.
Why was the Berlin Wall built?
What was the Berlin Wall?
What was the Iron Curtain?
Iron Curtain & Berlin Wall
Understanding BerlinThe Berlin WallA concrete wall that separated East Berlin and West Berlin from 1961 to 1989.
Built to prevent East Berliners from fleeing to the West Berlin.
RFK looking into East Berlin Reagan in Berlin
Technology in the Cold WarThe Arms Race and the Space Race
The Space RaceSputnik Apollo 11
Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin, and Michael Collins land on the
moon.
1957 1969
Remembering Laika.Sputnik II
Belka and StrelkaKorabl-Sputnik II
QUESTION.How is the Space Race important to the Arms Race?
The Arms Race
QUESTION.Define: Nuclear Proliferation.
The Cuban ConundrumFidel Castro, Bay of Pigs, Cuban Missile Crisis
1961 1962
Bahia de CuchinosThe Bay of Pigs Incident
Fidel Castro
“By the beginning of 1960, Cuba was for all practical purposes a Communist dictatorship and, in military perspective, a Soviet satellite.”
“When Kennedy took over early in 1961, he found a proposal… for [1,200] armed Cuban exiles… to be landed in an area called the Bay of Pigs to detonate a popular uprising…
The operation was a total disaster from the start, primarily because Castro was able to read all about it… in the US media… Castro’s troops killed 114 of the invaders and took the rest captive: 1,189.
Nearly all of whom were executed or later died in Castro’s prisons.”
“Success has a thousand fathers, but failure is an orphan.”John F. Kennedy
QUESTION.
America and JFK look weak.
What impact will the Bay of Pigs have on the United States in the Cold War?
The Cuban Missile Crisis
Thirteen Days in OctoberOctober 14th
US spy planes take the first clear pictures of the missiles. Moscow denies deployment.
Thirteen Days in OctoberOctober 22nd
President Kennedy, on TV, imposes a sea blockade of Cuba as Soviet ships approach Cuba.
Thirteen Days in OctoberOctober 26th
USSR agrees to remove missiles from CubaUSA removes missiles from Turkey & promises not to invade Cuba
QUESTION.
“There is no doubt the world came close to nuclear war, probably closer than at any other time, before or since.
On October 22nd all American missile crews were placed on maximum alert. Some 800 B47s, 550 B52s, and 70 B58s were prepared with their bomb-bays closed for immediate take off…
Over the Atlantic were 90 B52s carrying multi-megaton bombs. Nuclear warheads were made active on 100 Atlas, 50 Titan, and 12 Minuteman missiles, and on American carriers, submarines, and overseas bases. All commands were in a state of Defcon-2, the highest state of readiness next to war itself.
How close was the world to nuclear war?
“Then and for some years afterwards, [The Cuban Missile Crisis] was considered the finest hour of the Kennedy Presidency.”
The People’s RepublicMao Zedong, China, and Communism
QUESTION.Explain the Chinese Revolution.
The Chinese RevolutionChiang Kai-shek Mao Zedong
Backed by Western Powers Backed by the Soviet Union
What did Mao do?The Great Leap ForwardMao’s attempt to modernize the economy through agriculture and industry. Burden was placed on citizens. Failed.
The Cultural RevolutionMao’s attempt to cleanse the communist party and get it back to its roots.
Terms to Know
QUESTION.
What impact would China becoming communist have on the Cold War?
The 38th ParallelThe Korean War and North Korea
1950 to 1953
The Korean WarCauses?
North Korea attacked South Korea in hopes of unifying the Korean peninsula as one.
Stage OneJune 25th, 1950
Phase ends August 1st, 1950
Stage TwoAugust 1, 1950
Phase ends November of 1950
Stage ThreeNovember 25th, 1950
Phase ends April 22nd, 1951
Stage FourApril 22nd, 1951
Phase ends July 27th, 1953
The Korean WarOutcome?Stalemate.
North Korea remained communist.South Korea remained democratic.Split along the 38th Parallel (DMZ)
Korea Today
The 17th ParallelExploiting Vietnam, the Vietnam War, and the Cambodian Genocide
1946 to 1954 & 1955 to 1975
The 17th ParallelExploitation of VietnamVietnam has been occupied by five major nations throughout its history:
1. China 2. France 3. Japan 4. Great Britain 5. United States
QUESTION.When did Western Powers have a chance to free Vietnam?
The Vietnam WarCauses?French and Japanese imperialism of Vietnam encouraged Vietnam to seek freedom from outside powers.
Outcome?North Vietnamese forces defeated the French (1950s) and the United States (1960s & 1970s).
Captured Saigon (Ho Chi Minh City) and united Vietnam as one communist nation.
Outcome of the War?19 years and five months of fighting.Roughly 58,000 Americans dead.
1.5 to 3.6 million non Americans killed.
QUESTION.
In 1970, President Richard Nixon would order the invasion of Cambodia. What impact would this have on Cambodia?
The Killing FieldsThe Cambodian Genocide
The Effects of the Khmer Rouge and Pol Pot
Pol Pot