Perspective Drawing

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February 15, 2012

WHAT IS LINEAR PERSPECTIVE?

Perspective Drawing

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February 15, 2012

Raphael's "School of Athens" in the Vatican is an excellent example of the simplest version of this so-called linear perspective.

Raphael's "School of Athens". The yellow line is the theoretical horizon. The red lines are the extensions of the directly receding lines which meet at the vanishing point. (Annotations by Clavius.)

Raphael (who, incidentally painted himself as the kneeling scholar in the central foreground) correctly renders the apparent angle of the features of the walls receding directly from the viewer.

Perspective Drawing

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February 15, 2012

Prior to the 15th century, artists had difficulty accurately representing the appearance of objects and their relationship to their surroundings.

An illustration from an early manuscript showing a typical difficulty in accurately reproducing the apparent shape of foreshortened objects. (Detail from the Kaufmann Haggadah, ca. 14th C., in Sharon Keller, The Jews: A Treasury of Art and Literature, NY: Levin Associates, 1992.)

They knew that the lines which receded from the viewer needed to be depicted at an angle, but they were not sure what that angle should be. Most of the time they just guessed, and most of the time they got it wrong.In this painting, the side wall of the illustrated tower recedes from the viewer. The base is drawn at one angle while the balcony and rail of the tower are drawn an an incompatible angle. The eye rejects this as an accurate rendition of the tower.

Perspective Drawing

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February 15, 2012

Medieval artists (Brunelleschi is generally credited) eventually discovered the solution. If they extended the parallel lines that receded directly away from the viewer, they discovered they would meet at the horizon at a single point in the horizontal center of the field of view where the distinction between them would vanish. Hence the term "vanishing point" where parallel lines in a field of view will appear to meet. Thereafter they could "construct" a scene by drawing a temporary horizon and a vanishing point and lay out features following those lines.

Perspective Drawing

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February 15, 2012

Lines known to be parallel appear to converge to one or 2 vanishing pointsThis is evident in Botticelli’s vertical floor lines that would converge to one point if extended

Linear Perspective

Perspective Drawing

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February 15, 2012

In the following pictures, which lines are parallel but appear to converge to one vanishing point?

Perspective Drawing

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February 15, 2012

Locate the edges which reveal One Point Perspective

Use these lines (and others you draw) to place over edges you select

Perspective Drawing

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February 15, 2012

In the following picture, which lines are parallel but appear to converge to two vanishing points?

Perspective Drawing

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February 15, 2012

Use these lines (and others you draw) to place over edges you select

Locate the edges which reveal two point perspective

Perspective Drawing

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February 15, 2012

6"

Now you are going to complete a simple drawing of your own.

Start with a 8 and 1/2 by 11 inch piece of paper.

Lay the ruler exactly on the edge of the paper measuring 11 inches.

make a small dot at 6" on the edge of the paper.

Perspective Drawing

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February 15, 2012

6"

Make another dot at 6" on the other side.

Perspective Drawing

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February 15, 2012

9"

draw a very light line across connecting the 2 dots. make this line so light you will barely see it. We will be erasing it later.

Perspective Drawing

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February 15, 2012

Horizon Line- The eye level line. Everything above this line we can see the bottom, but not the top. Helicopters, balconies, flying saucers...

Everything below the horizon line we can see the top, but not the bottom. Trash cans, boxes on the ground, mailboxes, planters.

Perspective Drawing

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February 15, 2012

This horizon line will be erased or lightened in a few minutes, and needs to be drawn as light as possible. Remember Draw all lines as light as possible. We may be making changes to our new piece of architecture and will need to erase. You can darken later when you color it in.

Draw a dot in the middle on the line. Make the dot small, but so you can see it.

Perspective Drawing

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February 15, 2012

This horizon line will be erased or lightened in a few minutes, and needs to be drawn as light as possible. Remember Draw all lines as light as possible. We may be making changes to our new piece of architecture and will need to erase. You can darken later when you color it in.

Draw a dot at 4.5" on the line. Make the dot small, but so you can see it.

This dot is a "Vanishing Point". Remember this word too.

Perspective Drawing

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February 15, 2012

This dot is a "Vanishing Point". Remember this word too.

You know how when you are looking down the road, the road seems to get smaller the farther away it gets. The road isn't really smaller. Things look smaller the farther away they are. Notice how the lines all go exactly to that point? All lines will go to the Vanishing point.

4.5

Perspective Drawing

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February 15, 2012

use your ruler to make a perfect rectangle somewhere in the lower right corner of your paper.

REMEMBER ALL LINES ON THIS PROJECT WILL BE EITHER HORIZONTAL, VERTICAL, OR TO THAT VANISHING POINT.

ABSOLUTELY NO OBLIQUE LINES!

If you remember this rule, this project will be absolutely AWESOME!

Perspective Drawing

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February 15, 2012

the ruler is on the V-point and on a corner of the shape. Now make a line to V-point.

Perspective Drawing

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February 15, 2012

the ruler is on the V-point and on a corner of the shape. Now make a line to V-point.

If the line will not pass through the shape getting to the V-point you can make the line.

Perspective Drawing

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February 15, 2012

the ruler is on the V-point and on a corner of the shape. Now make a line to V-point.

If the line will not pass through the shape getting to the V-point you can make the line.

Is this line right? Can we make a line here?

Can we make a line here? Why?

Perspective Drawing

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February 15, 2012

I now have the worlds longest box!!!! this will not fit in my car. How do I get a smaller box?

How do I make the box smaller?

If I have a vertical line at the front of the box shouldn't I have a vertical line at the back of the box too?

Perspective Drawing

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February 15, 2012

I now have the worlds longest box!!!! this will not fit in my car. How do I get a smaller box?

Remember this is an optical illusion. the box looks 3-D. Your eyes WILL play tricks on you. This line will look vertical to you, until you see it on the wall. Then it will look crooked like this.

Remember ALL lines will be either, Vertical, Horizontal or to the V-point.

Perspective Drawing

Copy of Smart Board Lesson

February 15, 2012

I now have the worlds longest box!!!! this will not fit in my car. How do I get a smaller box?

Remember this is an optical illusion. the box looks 3-D. Your eyes WILL play tricks on you. This line will look vertical to you, until you see it on the wall. Then it will look crooked like this.

Remember ALL lines will be either, Vertical, Horizontal or to the V-point.

If I line my ruler up with the edge of the paper.

Don't look at the box, don't look at the box. It will mess me up, don't look at the box. Just keep saying that. The edge of the paper is straight, the box is an optical illusion, remember this always.

Perspective Drawing

Copy of Smart Board Lesson

February 15, 2012

I now have the worlds longest box!!!! this will not fit in my car. How do I get a smaller box?

Remember this is an optical illusion. the box looks 3-D. Your eyes WILL play tricks on you. This line will look vertical to you, until you see it on the wall. Then it will look crooked like this.

Remember ALL lines will be either, Vertical, Horizontal or to the V-point.

If I line my ruler up with the edge of the paper.

Don't look at the box, don't look at the box. It will mess me up, don't look at the box. Just keep saying that. The edge of the paper is straight, the box is an optical illusion, remember this always.

Perspective Drawing

Copy of Smart Board Lesson

February 15, 2012

I now have the worlds longest box!!!! this will not fit in my car. How do I get a smaller box?

Remember this is an optical illusion. the box looks 3-D. Your eyes WILL play tricks on you. This line will look vertical to you, until you see it on the wall. Then it will look crooked like this.

Remember ALL lines will be either, Vertical, Horizontal or to the V-point.

see how these two lines come together at this corner, just like a real box, or desk, or, boombox.

Perspective Drawing

Copy of Smart Board Lesson

February 15, 2012

I now have the worlds longest box!!!! this will not fit in my car. How do I get a smaller box?

Remember this is an optical illusion. the box looks 3-D. Your eyes WILL play tricks on you. This line will look vertical to you, until you see it on the wall. Then it will look crooked like this.

Remember ALL lines will be either, Vertical, Horizontal or to the V-point.

We now need to get rid of these long lines that don't belong. We drew light so we can erase them easily.

Now the box will fit in my car.

try a box on the other side by yourself. REMEMBER 1 V-point and all lines will go either Vertical, Horizontal, or to that V-Point.

Perspective Drawing

Copy of Smart Board Lesson

February 15, 2012

Remember this is an optical illusion. the box looks 3-D. Your eyes WILL play tricks on you. This line will look vertical to you, until you see it on the wall. Then it will look crooked like this.

Remember ALL lines will be either, Vertical, Horizontal or to the V-point.

try a box on the other side by yourself. REMEMBER 1 V-point and all lines will go either Vertical, Horizontal, or to that V-Point.

Perspective Drawing

Copy of Smart Board Lesson

February 15, 2012

Remember this is an optical illusion. the box looks 3-D. Your eyes WILL play tricks on you. This line will look vertical to you, until you see it on the wall. Then it will look crooked like this.

Remember ALL lines will be either, Vertical, Horizontal or to the V-point.

try a box on the other side by yourself. REMEMBER 1 V-point and all lines will go either Vertical, Horizontal, or to that V-Point.

Perspective Drawing

Copy of Smart Board Lesson

February 15, 2012