More perspective

Using Linear and atmospheric perspective

Perspective – the illusion that an image has depth and 3-dimensional space (volume)

VERTICAL PLACEMENT & OVERLAPPING

INTERPRETED AS 3 RECTANGLES

RELATIVE SIZE

SASSETTAThe Meeting of St. Anthony and St. Paulabout 1440Wood

Perspective was a concept that had to be developed.

NO PERSPECTIV

E

Cimabue, Madonna Enthroned, 1280-90

Now we see perspective, and it looks real… with the exception of the “adult/baby”

There were suggestions of perspective in a Gothic era work.

However, perspective is a major development of the Renaissance.

GIOTTOMadonna in Glory

c. 1311Tempera on panel

128 x 90 1/2 in.

Judging by the Eye

Giotto introduced a new kind of realism by creating convincing spatial arrangements.

He angled the building, removing side walls to reveal the cubic interior.

Giotto. Birth of the Virgin Mary (1320s).Fresco.

Atmospheric Perspective, rewind!When using

atmospheric perspective…• hues more

bluish & more pale

• outlines less precise

• small details lost

• color contrasts muted

• gradual transition

Objects CLOSER

• Appear lower on the page

• Overlap- In front of• Are larger• Brighter colors• Darker value• More contrasts• More Details

Objects FARTHER

• Appear higher on the page

• Overlap-behind• Are smaller• Duller colors• Lighter value• Faint/fuzzy lines• Very few or not details

LINEAR PERSPECTIVE

One point; central

Vanishing point

What is Linear Perspective?

A system for representing three-dimensional space on a two-dimensional flat surface.• It was developed in

Florence in the early 15th century by Filippo Brunelleschi and Leon Batista Alberti

Application of Linear Perspective

Brunelleschi's proposal drawing of the  interior of Santo Spirito (1543)

Interior of Brunelleschi's Santo Spirito

Normal Viewpoint

High Viewpoint

Low Viewpoint

Use lines to show the illusion of

depth.Receding lines (going back into space) meet at the vanishing pointThe vertical and horizontal lines are parallel to the edge of the paper

The Vanishing Point does not have to be right in the Center of the Paper

1-point Linear Perspective: parallel lines appearing to converge in distance

1-point Linear Perspective: parallel lines appearing to converge in distance

Click here to activate orthogonals:

Review orthogonals:

Leonardo da Vinci’s Explorations

The Last Supper (1497). Fresco.

Leonardo da Vinci, Last Supper, c.1495-98 Milan, Sta. Maria della Grazie

Raphael, The School of Athens, 1510-11 Vatican Palace, Stanza della Segnatura

Raphael, The School of Athens, 1510-11 Vatican Palace, Stanza della Segnatura

Atmospheric Perspective (in addition to 1 - pt. Perspective)

Perugino, Christ Delivering the Keys to St. Peter, c.1481 Sistine Chapel, Vatican

Atmospheric Perspective (in addition to 1 - pt. Perspective)

Perugino, Christ Delivering the Keys to St. Peter, c.1481 Sistine Chapel, Vatican

Canaletto (Giovanni Antonio Canal), The Campo di Rialtoc. 1758-63 Oil on canvas, 46 7/16 x 72 1/2 in

Canaletto (Giovanni Antonio Canal), The Campo di Rialtoc. 1758-63 Oil on canvas, 46 7/16 x 72 1/2 in

The vanishing point comes from below?

The vanishing point and perspective is constructed according to the upward gaze of an observer standing directly below.

Andrea Mantegna. From The Painted Room (1465-74). Fresco.

We will start out easy…

With practice you can create any of the things you have just seen.