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Of North Idaho

TIDBITS® RESEARCHES

WOMEN IN HISTORYby Kathy Wolfe

This week, we look at several women, both famous and infamous, who have made their mark and found their way into the history books.

• Sacajawea, the Shoshone woman who guided the Lewis and Clark expedition, was sold at young age to a French Canadian trader, Charbonneau, who made her his wife. Lewis and Clark were es-pecially interested in her language abilities, which enabled them to trade with the Shoshone. She didn’t speak English, but rather spoke the Indian language to Charbonneau, who translated it to French to an-other member of the party, who in turn converted the French into English for the explorers. Her duties were multiple–She guided, she cooked, hunted for food, mended and washed clothes, as well as for-aged for plants she knew had medicinal purposes. For all her hard work, at the end of the expedition, Charbonneau received the payment. Following her death, William Clark legally adopted her son, giving him an education in St. Louis and Europe.• It’s hard to separate the fact from the fiction in the case of Calamity Jane. This rough-and-tumble, cuss-ing, drinking woman who dressed like a man is said to have been a crack shot. Born Martha Jane Can-nary in 1852, she was a gold miner, scout, a soldier and a Pony Express rider. One claim states that she nursed several people back to health during an 1878 smallpox epidemic. Although she reportedly married Clinton Burke at age 33 and bore a daughter, it’s said that her last wishes were, “Bury me beside Wild Bill, the only man I ever loved,” speaking of Wild Bill Hickok, killed during a Deadwood card game. She lies beside the gunslinger in Terry, South Dakota.

turn to page 5 for more Women In History!

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It’s pretty obvious that a bacteriologist studies bacteria, but what about all those other experts who devote themselves to a certain field? Tidbits takes a closer look at some of the more unusual specialists. • What a difference one little letter makes! A nephologist specializes in the study of clouds and their formation, while a nephrologist deals with the function and diseases of the kidneys. A cytologist is an expert in the branch of biology that studies the structure and function of cells, but a cetolo-gist is an authority in the field of whales and other aquatic mammals. While an ethologist studies animal behavior, an ethnologist analyzes cultural and ethnic differences among humans. And a cartologist and a carpologist are miles apart! The former specializes in creating maps and the latter does research on fruits and seeds. • A graphologist claims to be able to tell much about you from studying your handwriting. By ex-amining your dots, crossed t’s and curlicues, this specialist identifies personality traits, emotions, areas of tension and even potential psychological problems.• An ichthyologist will know that there are more than 31,500 different species of fish that have been discovered. One of history’s earliest ichthy-ologists was the Greek philosopher Aristotle, who had catalogued 117 different species of Mediter-ranean fish as early as 322 B.C.• A spelunker enjoys exploring caves, but a speleologist delves into their origin and physi-cal structure, and the plant and animal life within them. They are often responsible for the mapping of caves as well as rescue techniques. • Herpetologists and ophiologists are closely related. Herpetologists study the broader field of reptiles and amphibians, while ophiologists narrow it down to the specialized area of snakes. • No, a phonologist isn’t the person behind the counter at the cell phone store. It’s really one who investigates sounds and patterns in a language. • Someone who spends a lot of time around work-ers, drones and a queen might be an apiologist, one who studies honey bees. Early apiologists discovered that the queen is the mother of all the female worker bees and the male drones. By researching the biology and social network of the bees, pollination and honey production can be increased. • Myrmecologists’ area of expertise is the social structure and behavior of ants. They take a close look at life in the colony. Myrmecology is actually a branch of entomology, the study of insects. • A person with a degree in equestrian stud-ies can be referred to as a hippologist, one who is knowledgeable about horses. The root of the word, hippo-, comes from the Greek language, meaning “horse.” The name of the enormous African river-dwelling hippopotamus actually translates “river horse,” and hippodrome refers to an open-air stadium with a track used for horse racing. • If you’re familiar with a Fairy Lorikeet, Gloss-mantled Manucode or Band-tailed Oropendola, you just might be an ornithologist, an authority in the field of birds.

Music LegendDAVID BOWIE

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The affliction is so extreme that he finds him-self hallucinating, reliving hellish moments from his war past and also experiencing nightmares while he’s awake. He begins to suspect that he is experiencing long-term side effects from an experimental battle drug (code named “Ladder”) that was administered to his platoon. With the help and insight of a friendly chiropractor (Danny Aiello), Jacob finally is able to make sense of what he is going through, leading him and the film to its jarring conclusion.

WORTH A RENTAL“Prince of Persia: The Sands of Time” (PG-13) -- Jake Gyllenhaal stars as Dastan, the titular prince who is accused of a murder he didn’t commit and is on the run along with his fiancee (Gemma Ar-terton) and a magical dagger that can manipulate Time. Based on a video game that was popular about 10 years ago, “Prince of Persia: The Sands of Time” is a loud, silly, CGI-laden popcorn flick that has a few fun moments, but is ultimately a pretty forgettable film -- OK for a rental, but cer-tainly not a DVD for your library.

TV SERIES“The Big Bang Theory” The Complete Third Sea-son“Glee: The Complete First Season”“It’s Always Sunny in Philadelphia” Season Five “The Good Wife” The First Season“Designing Women” Season Four “Fringe” The Complete Second Season

TOP TEN MOVIES1. The Expendables (R) Sylvester Stallone, Jason Statham2. Vampires Suck (PG-13) Matt Lanter, Jenn Proske3. Eat Pray Love (PG-13) Julia Roberts, James Franco4. Lottery Ticket (PG-13) Shad ‘Bow Wow’ Gregory Moss, Ice Cube5. The Other Guys (PG-13) Will Ferrell, Mark Wahlberg6. Piranha 3D (R) Elisabeth Shue, Adam Scott7. Nanny McPhee Returns (PG) Emma Thomp-son, Maggie Gyllenhaal8. The Switch (PG-13) Jennifer Aniston, Jason Bateman9. Inception (PG-13) Leonardo DiCaprio, Ken Watanabe10. Scott Pilgrim vs. the World (PG-13) Michael Cera, Mary Elizabeth Winstead

TOP TEN VIDEO, DVD of August 28, 2010Top 10 Video Rentals1. Clash of the Titans (PG-13) Sam Worthing-ton2. Kick-Ass (R) Aaron Johnson3. Diary of a Wimpy Kid (PG) Steve Zahn4. The Bounty Hunter (PG-13) Jennifer Aniston5. Cop Out (R) Bruce Willis6. Repo Men (R) Jude Law7. The Losers (PG-13) Jeffrey Dean8. The Ghost Writer (PG-13) Pierce Brosnan9. Brooklyn’s Finest (R) Richard Gere10. Hot Tub Time Machine (R/NR) John Cu-sack

Top 9 DVD Sales1. Kick-Ass (R) (Lionsgate)2. Diary of a Wimpy Kid (PG) (20th Century Fox)3. Clash of the Titans (PG-13) (Warner)4. The Ghost Writer (PG-13) (Summit)5. Avatar (PG-13) (20th Century Fox)6. The Bounty Hunter (PG-13) (Sony)7. Heroes: Season 4 (NR) (Universal)8. Percy Jackson & The Olympians: The Light-ning Thief (PG) (20th Century Fox)9. Hot Tub Time Machine (R/NR) (20th Century Fox)

PICKS OF THE WEEK

New DVDs reviewed in this column will be available in stores the week of Sept. 13, 2010.

“Feast” (Unrated) -- “Feast” is one of my guilty-pleasure movies, and it’s about time that an unrated, director’s cut of this 2005 low-budget horror movie gets its release. “Feast” was made as a part of the Ben Affleck/Matt Damon reality series “Project Greenlight” and features Judah Friedlander (“30 Rock”), Krista Allen (“Emmanuelle in Space”) and legendary cow-boy actor Clu Gulager as members of a ragtag group of seedy bar patrons who are attacked one night by bloodthirsty beasties. The gory effects are much better than you’d think they’d be, considering the paltry $1 million budget, and the performances are deliciously over-the-top. Features include audio commentary, outtakes and a making-of featurette.“Playing For Time” (Unrated) -- Based on the autobiography of Fania FŽnelon, this Arthur Miller-penned 1980 production about the musicians of Auschwitz is possibly the best Holocaust film made for television. Vanessa Redgrave won an Emmy for her portrayal of FŽnelon, a reknowned Jewish pianist who is spared from hard labor and placed in the death camp’s female orchestra, where she and the other musicians are forced to play for their cap-tors. “Playing For Time” is a heart-wrenching and powerful drama you simply must experi-ence.

“Jacob’s Ladder” (R) -- If you enjoyed “Incep-tion,” then you owe it to yourself to watch this 1990 psychological thriller starring Tim Rob-bins. Robbins stars as Jacob Singer, a Vietnam War veteran who suffers from post-traumatic stress disorder.

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¥ It was author, journalist and political consultant Vic Gold who made the following sage observa-tion: “The squeaking wheel doesn’t always get the grease. Sometimes it gets replaced.” ¥ The record for the longest space flight in history is held by Russian cosmonaut Valeri Polyakov. In 1995 he completed a 438-day stay aboard the Mir space station. ¥ It’s commonly believed that Eskimos have 50 or more words for different types of snow but no word for just plain snow. In point of fact, that statement is misleading, as the Eskimo language is composed largely of roots and suffixes that can be combined in virtually unlimited ways. ¥ A traditional groom in Norway wears short pants, knee socks, and a silk shirt along with a vest and topcoat. ¥ Everyone knows that China is the most popu-lous country on Earth today, with nearly 20 per-cent of the world’s population. But you might not realize that there are now more people living in China than lived on the entire planet 150 years ago. ¥ A recent item in this column stated that Henry Heimlich believed peanut butter to be the food upon which people most commonly choke. As it turns out, that quotation did not come from Dr. Heimlich. Don’t be mistaken, though -- according to the American Academy of Pediatrics, peanut butter is a high-risk food. Thought for the Day: “I believe in evidence. I believe in observation, measurement, and rea-soning, confirmed by independent observers. I’ll believe anything, no matter how wild and ridicu-lous, if there is evidence for it. The wilder and more ridiculous something is, however, the firmer and more solid the evidence will have to be.” -- Isaac Asimov

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WOMEN IN HISTORY (continued):• Most of us have heard the children’s rhyme about Lizzie Borden, who “took an axe and gave her mother 40 whacks, and when she saw what she had done, she gave her father 41.” It was in 1892 in Fall River, Massachusetts, that her father and stepmother were found dead in their home. Lizzie claimed she had been in the barn looking for fishing equipment when it happened. Because her father had no will, his nearly $500,000 estate was to go to his children, not his second wife. If Lizzie Borden really did the deed, she didn’t pay the consequenc-es. Although this Sunday School teacher stood trial for the murders, with no weapon found, there was insufficient evidence to convict her. She was buried next to her parents in 1927. The family home has been operated as a bed-and-breakfast since 1992. Although reports vary, it appears as though Andrew Borden was only struck a fraction of the time the rhyme claims (10 or 11).• Most folks know that Emily Post was a noted au-thority on manners and social behavior, but she got her start in writing newspaper and magazine arti-cles, along with a few novels. Raised in prosperity, Post attended private schools and was a popular debutante in late 1800s New York society. A failed marriage and financial woes forced her to begin her writing career, but it wasn’t until 20 years later that she penned her first book about etiquette. • Amelia Earhart had accomplished much before she and her plane disappeared in July of 1937. She was the first aviator to fly from Hawaii to the mainland, had set the women’s altitude and speed records, and was the first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic. She was attempting to complete the first round-the-world flight at the time of her disap-pearance. One guess is that she and her co-pilot were captured, imprisoned or killed by the Japa-nese on the island of Saipan.• Rosa Parks became known as the “mother of the civil rights movement” after she refused to re-linquish her bus seat to a white man in 1955. After she was arrested for the violation of a Montgomery, Alabama, city racial segregation ordinance, Mar-tin Luther King Jr., led a boycott of the city’s bus system, an action that lasted nearly a year. Once the ordinance was declared unconstitutional, the boycott immediately ended. At one time a seam-stress, after a move to Detroit the year following the incident, Parks joined the staff of a Michigan Congressman. She was honored in 1996 with the Presidential Medal of Freedom.

Continued on page 7!

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• The first American woman to win three Olympic gold medals had a rough start in life. Wil-ma Rudolph was born prematurely and suffered numerous illnesses throughout her childhood, in-cluding measles, mumps, scarlet fever, chicken pox and double pneumonia. The final straw was a diagnosis of polio. Rudolph’s mother refused to ac-cept the doctor’s opinion that her daughter would never walk again, and she worked with Rudolph continually. After two years of physical therapy exercises, Wil-ma was able to walk with a metal leg brace. By age 12, she was walking normally without braces or cor-rective shoes. She made the decision to become an athlete, and excelled as a high school basketball star on a state championship team. Track events were next, and at age 16, she captured a bronze medal at the 1956 Olympics. Four years later, she took home three gold medals from Rome. Brain cancer claimed the life of this phenomenal woman at age 54. • Christa McAuliffe was part of the NASA Teach-ers in Space project and was chosen from more than 11,500 applicants to occupy a spot on the space shuttle Challenger in 1986. This junior high his-tory and social studies teacher was slated to teach two lessons via satellite from the spacecraft. The shuttle was only 73 seconds into its flight when it exploded.• Elizabeth Dole, Shirley Chisholm and Hilary Clin-ton are all well-known names of women who have run for U.S. President. Belva Lockwood’s name is not quite so familiar. Lockwood was on the ticket twice, in 1884 and 1888, for the National Equal Rights Party, a party she herself founded. She was famous for winning the right for women lawyers to practice before the Supreme Court. Patsy Takemoto Mink, the first woman of color to serve in the U.S. Congress, received 2 percent of the votes in a May 1972 state primary for the presidential election. The very first woman to declare herself a presidential candidate was Victoria Woodhull in 1870. Wood-hull actually spent election day in jail, accused of libel for an article she had penned for her family-owned newspaper. All in all, at least 35 women have thrown their hat in the ring for the office.

WOMEN IN HISTORY(continued)

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DEAR PAW’S CORNER: I wanted to tell you a story about the cat who adopted us. In 1930 my brother and I lived with our parents on the fourth floor of a tenement building in the Low-er East Side of New York City. We had a fire escape outside the bedroom window of our four-room apartment. In the summer, Mama opened the windows wide to let the fresh air in. It was on one of these hot summer days that a pussycat brazenly came in through the open window. It looked starved, and my broth-er and I begged our parents to let it stay. They agreed. We fed “Cat” bread and milk, and later, scraps from our table. Every evening when my father came home from work, Cat would take a flying leap and land on his shoulder. My father loved the greeting. After awhile though, Cat started leaving through the window again and coming back a few hours later. She also seemed to get fatter and fatter, until we real-ized she was pregnant. Cat delivered four babies on towels my mother laid out on the bathroom floor. My mother gave three of the kittens to neighbors and we kept the fourth, an all-white male we named “Whitey.” Whitey stayed with us through the winter, but by the next spring he got as restless as his mother and started leaving through the fire escape window. One day he went out and never came back again. -- Pearl M., Morse Township, N.J.

DEAR PEARL: Things were so different for pets and their owners back then. Pet food was an unheard-of extravagance, and veterinary care was not so common for housepets. Thank you for sharing!

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