REAL WORLD RESOURCES for

Siegel’s Introduction to Criminal Justice,

14th Edition

The media resources mentioned in the supplements (Instructor’s Manual and Lesson Plans) have been extracted and compiled here to serves as a reference for students and instructors. They are organized by learning objective within each chapter. Some of the resources apply to multiple LO, so the additional LOs they align with are noted in brackets at the end of the item.

Chapter OneCrime and Criminal Justice

1. Be able to identify the concept of criminal justice.

2. Be aware of the long history of crime in America.

3. Discuss the formation of the criminal justice system. Provides information about The Center for Evidence-Based Crime Policy, housed within the

Department of Criminology at George Mason University: http://gunston.gmu.edu/cebcp/.

4. Name the three basic component agencies of the criminal justice system. Official website for the Department of Justice: http://www.usdoj.gov/. (LO3; LO5)

5. Comprehend the size and scope of the contemporary justice system.

6. Trace the formal criminal justice process. http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/ : The Bureau of Justice Statistics web page. This site provides information and data about the formal criminal justice process.

http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/content/justsys.cfm

7. Know what is meant by the term “criminal justice assembly line.”

http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/26/us/tough-sentences-help-prosecutors-push-for-plea- bargains.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 is an article discussing how prosecutors have leverage in inducing defendants to plead guilty to crimes because of tough sentencing laws that have been passed over the past few decades.

8. Discuss the “wedding cake” model of justice. The current justice articles on CNN’s website: http://www.cnn.com/JUSTICE/.

9. Be familiar with the various perspectives on justice.

10. Understand the ethical issues that arise in criminal justice. http://www.nsopw.gov/Core/Portal.aspx is a link through the United States Department of

Justice that is a national sex offender public website. The link http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Td7CPGv89U&feature=related discusses how

police ethics erodes one year after recruitment. The article located at http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2118514/Trayvon-Martin-case-

Police-chief-RESIGNS-neighborhood-watch-shooting.html discusses the resignation of the police chief in the city where Trayvon Martin was shot and killed.

Chapter TwoThe Nature and Extent of Crime

1. Be able to discuss how crime is defined. http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/OTUS/colorado-washington-states-legalize-recreational-

marijuana/story?id=17652774 is an article about how the states of Colorado and Washington voted to legalize marijuana for recreational purposes.

2. Define and discuss some of the different types of crime. Review the UCR crime data for two specific states at

http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/cjis/ucr/crime-in-the-u.s/2011/crime-in-the-u.s.-2011. (LO3)

3. Be familiar with the methods used to measure crime. The website of the National Crime Victimization Survey: www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs The website of the Uniform Crime Reports: http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/cjis/ucr

4. Discuss the development of the NIBRS program. http://www.jrsa.org/ibrrc/background-status/nibrs_states.shtml is a link to the status of the

implementation of NIBRS in the states.

5. Be able to discuss the strengths and weaknesses of various measures of crime. http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/content/pub/pdf/cv11.pdf is a link to the 2011 Criminal Victimization

report compiled by the Bureau of Justice Statistics. (LO2, LO3, LO6)

6. Recognize the trends in the crime rate. http://www.cnn.com/JUSTICE/ discusses all the recent crime stories across the country. (LO1)

7. Comment on the factors that influence crime rates.• This YouTube clip gives insight into the effects of the media on high profile cases:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ai9UPWP4v8&feature=relmfu • Have students watch the documentary at http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/poor-

kids/, which discusses the issue of poverty in the United States and its impact on children.

8. Be familiar with trends in crime in other cultures. Watch the movie Crash, which discusses the affects of race, gender, and socio-economic class on

the criminal justice system.

9. Know the various crime patterns.

10. Understand the concept of the criminal career. http://www.flsenate.gov/laws/statutes/2011/775.084 is Florida State’s Statute pertaining to

violent career criminals.

Chapter ThreeUnderstanding Crime and Victimization

1. Understand why some experts believe that crime seems rational. The following article addresses a successful enforcement strategy against gangs:

https://www.ncjrs.gov/html/bja/gang/. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zriSw1UBqv8 is a documentary on Ted Bundy.

2. Know the strategies used to reduce crime by rational criminals. Do a web search to identify at least two countries that use corporal punishment as a means of

deterring criminal behavior. An over-reliance on imprisonment may inevitably backfire on society. This serves as the subject

of the article, “Backfire: When Incarceration Increases Crime” by Dr. Todd Clear, which may be found at http://www.doc.state.ok.us/offenders/ocjrc/96/Backfire.pdf.

http://www.palmbeachpost.com/news/news/west-palm-beach-officials-consider-publishing- name/nLsfC/ is an article about a city in Florida that is considering publishing the names of individuals arrested for soliciting prostitutes.

3. Identify the various biological traits linked to crime. http://timelines.latimes.com/deadliest-shooting-rampages/ is a link detailing some of the

deadliest mass shootings in U.S. history. (LO4-9) http://www.cbn.com/CBNnews/353246.aspx is an article that discusses how food affects

behavior.

4. Know the various psychological views of the cause of crime.

Watch the documentary by Michael Moore titled Bowling for Columbine. (LO5)

5. Identify the personality traits linked to crime. http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=aMK_ckjaf-0# ! is a lecture

about Freud and his views on socialization. (LO4)

6. Compare and contrast the various social structure theories of crime. read the article on Social Bonds and Binge Drinking:

http://www.popcenter.org/problems/underage_drinking/pdfs/durkin_etal_1999.pdf

7. Distinguish among the three types of social process theories.

8 Know what is meant by critical criminology.

9. Understand the basics of developmental theory.

10. Identify the various theories of victimization. This site provides information on “routine activity theory”:

http://www.popcenter.org/learning/pam/help/theory.cfm http://www.ncpc.org/resources/files/pdf/vacant-property/Vacant%20Property%20Crime

%20Flyer.pdf is a flyer that makes recommendations on how to protect your community from vacant property crime.

Chapter FourCriminal Law: Substance and Procedure

1. Know the similarities and differences between substantive and procedural criminal law and between civil law and public law.

http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/notorious_murders/famous/simpson/dead_16.html is an article about the civil trial of OJ Simpson.

2. Understand the concept of substantive criminal law and its history.

3. Discuss the sources of the criminal law. http://codes.lp.findlaw.com/uscode/18/I is a list of federal crimes under U.S. Code 18.

4. Be familiar with the elements of a crime.

5. Define the term strict liability.

6. Describe how crimes are classified. Explore the “Laws & Regulations” section of the EPA website (http://www.epa.gov/lawsregs/) to

get a sense of the important laws this agency is responsible for enforcing. Watch http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6MTjnwW4vXs, which is a very controversial

documentary about the right to die and assisted suicide. (LO7)

7. Be able to discuss excuses and justification defenses for crime. This web site (http://criminal.findlaw.com/criminal-procedure/insanity-defense.html) provides a

detailed description of the legal defenses as well as current trends regarding legal insanity. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/local/longterm/aron/qa227.htm : an article regarding

the insanity defense. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h0vdRmlPPcI is a news clip of a defendant who plead

insanity, claiming that the voice of Barry White told him to shoot another man.

8. Discuss the concept of criminal procedure. Read about the federal rules of criminal procedure at

http://www.law.cornell.edu/topics/criminal_procedure.html. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rcMRzg-IxW0 is a video presented to new trial judges at the

federal level who are trying criminal cases. (LO9)

9. Know which amendments to the Constitution are the most important to the justice system. Link to the US Constitution and Amendments http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/GPO-CONAN-

1992/pdf/GPO-CONAN-1992-7.pdf.

10. List the elements of due process of law. Link to the US Courts web site with reference to the Fourteenth Amendment to the

Constitution: http://www.uscourts.gov/EducationalResources/ConstitutionResources/LegalLandmarks/JudicialInterpretationFourteenthAmmendment.aspx.

Chapter FivePublic Policing and Private Security

1. Recount the early development of the police in England. Link to the history of the London Metropolitan Police: http://www.met.police.uk/history/.

2. Recount the development of the police in colonial America. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9_pQdjVrfl 4 is a video of technological advancements in

policing. (LO9)

3. Discuss twentieth-century police reforms and the emergence of professionalism.

4. Identify the main events in policing between 1960 and the present. Read about August Vollmer, considered by many to be the father of modern policing, at

http://www.ci.berkeley.ca.us/police/history/history.html.

5. Identify the various levels of law enforcement. http://www.justice.gov/about/budget-rollout-presentation.pdf is a report of the budget for the

U.S. Department of Justice. (LO6)

6. Identify the most prominent federal law enforcement agencies. Read about the history of the FBI at http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/history. Site for the Department of Homeland Security: http://www.dhs.gov/

7. Discuss the differences among local, county, state, and federal law enforcement agencies.• http://www.metpolicecareers.co.uk/aboutus.html is the website for the London Metropolitan

Police Service. (LO7)

8. Know the differences between public and private policing. Link to a federal review of the Private Security Industry:

https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/bjs/grants/232781.pdf http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hFhUCu8KCNk discusses the use of private policing used in

the United Kingdom.

9. Identify various technologies currently used in law enforcement. Visit the following Department of Justice website and read the article entitled “The CSI Effect:

Does it Really Exist?” (http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/nij/journals/259/csi-effect.htm ). http://policeforum.org/library/critical-issues-in-policing-series/Technology_web2.pdf is a

document that discusses innovations in police technology.

Chapter SixThe Police: Organization, Role, Function

1. Understand the organization of police departments. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/04/sunday-review/have-american-police-become-

militarized.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 is an article about the militarization of police. Many police departments operate a website designed to provide basic information about the

department and its duties. The following is a link to the New York City Police Departments: http://www.nyc.gov/html/nypd/html/home/home.shtml.

2. Distinguish between the patrol function and the investigation function. A website linking to the American Bar Association and their standards on the urban police

function:http://www.americanbar.org/publications/criminal_justice_section_archive/crimjust_standards_urbanpolice.html

http://proceedings.esri.com/library/userconf/proc03/p0380.pdf is an evaluation of the Desktop Hypercube, which is a tool that is used to improve police services without additional response units.

3. Discuss various efforts to improve patrol.

4. Discuss key issues associated with the investigative function. Watch the movie Training Day, which portrays police undercover work. Website that contains a vast amount of information regarding the role of crime scene investors:

http://www.crime-scene-investigator.net/index.html

Intelligence-led policing is the newest “branch” of policing that combines homeland security concerns with the advances of community policing and problem oriented policing. Read more at: http://www.cops.usdoj.gov/pdf/e09042536_Chapter_04.pdf.

5. Understand the concept of community policing. This presentation http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2D8ksMsM5ag discusses community

policing.

6. List several challenges associated with community policing.

7. Discuss the concept of problem-oriented policing. http://www.nfcausa.org/ is a link to the National Fusion Center Association. (LO8) Visit the center for problem-oriented policing: http://www.popcenter.org/.

8. Define intelligence-led policing and explain ways in which it occurs.• Article regarding intelligence-led policing, which is considered to be the newest initiative in law

enforcement: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/bja/210681.pdf. (LO7)

9. Explain the various police support functions. The Los Angeles Police Department has over 150 different civilian job classifications. View some

of them here: http://www.lapdonline.org/join_the_team/content_basic_view/827 Examine the various functions carried out by the FBI’s Laboratory Services:

http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/lab

10. Identify some of the cost-saving measures that may be employed to improve police productivity.

Chapter SevenIssues in Policing

1. Know the benefits likely to accrue from higher education for police. An article about the influence of higher education on police officer work habits:

http://www.policechiefmagazine.org/magazine/index.cfm?fuseaction=display_arch&article_id=722&issue_id=102005.

2. Describe how the role of women and minorities in local police agencies has evolved over time. http://womenandpolicing.com/PDF/2002_Excessive_Force.pdf is a study on gender and the use

of force amongst police officers. (LO9) Read the article “The New Face of Racial Profiling: How Terrorism Affects the Debate” at

http://writ.news.findlaw.com/colb/20011010.html.

3. Explain the concept of a police culture. http://news.minnesota.publicradio.org/features/2004/10/28_olsond_badcops/ : a former police

officer talks about his involvement with the blue wall (the police code of silence). (LO8)4. Know the reasons that experts believe police have a unique personality.

http://www.officer.com/article/10232697/just-a-typical-cop is an article about police personalities.

5. Recognize the different types of police officer styles.

6. Understand the factors that influence police discretion. Read the study https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/178259.pdf, which discusses in particular

what can happen in police departments that fail to develop clear policy guidelines about complex issues in policing.

7. Know the consequences of stress and fatigue. Review the article http://www.traumacenter.org/resources/pdf_files/Police_Stress.pdf, which

discusses police stress. How do co-workers, family, and friends cope with the loss of a police officer? Find answers at

the official site for Concerns of Police Survivors. http://www.nationalcops.org/

8. Distinguish between brutality and corruption. Watch the movie Serpico, which highlights the issue of police corruption. The findings of a national survey on police attitudes toward abuse of authority.

http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/181312.pdf.

9. Know the difference between deadly and nondeadly force.• http://www.dailycal.org/2011/11/12/police-use-of-force-draws-nationwide-condemnation/ is

an article discussing police use of force. (LO10) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tUxJIjCLGHY is a video of a police officer using excessive

force on a female motorist.

10. Know the leading types of less-lethal weapons. Review the study in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2775771/, which discusses

the findings of the effects of less-lethal weapons on injuries in police use-of-force events.

Chapter EightPolice and the Rule of Law

1. Understand how the Fourth Amendment controls law enforcement officials. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s4nQ_mFJV4I&list=SP1B0B357282389571 explains how

people can lawfully assert their rights against law enforcement.

2. Define search and arrest. http://www.floridasupremecourt.org/education/tours/mock%20oa/TrashSearch06.pdf

discusses whether or not police violated a citizen’s Fourth Amendment rights by searching through his trash without a warrant.

3. Distinguish between search and arrest warrants.

4. Explain when warrants are required. Examining Case Law: Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1 (1968):

http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?court=US&vol=392&invol=1. This case defined the criteria for “stop and frisk” searches.

5. Recognize that there are three requirements that must be met before a warrant can be secured. An article about police officers in the city of Oakland who were fired for failing to meet the

required criteria when obtaining search warrants: http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Oakland-to-fire-11-cops-in-search-warrant-case-3175951.php.

This article discusses the ethical issues in using confidential informants for narcotics operations:http://www.policechiefmagazine.org/magazine/index.cfm?fuseaction=display_arch&article_id=1210&issue_id=62007.

6. Explain the rules for serving warrants. This audio file, from the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center website, and presents the

rules for serving search warrants: http://www.fletc.gov/training/programs/legal-division/podcasts/4th-amendment-roadmap-podcasts/Executing_a_Warrant_%28I%29.mp3/view.

This media clip explains the execution of a search warrant in the investigation of a missing baby. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eGEzSNc7eX0

7. Discuss several types of warrantless searches and arrests. The official site of the U.S.A. Patriot Act, which was created by the government to explain the

legislation: http://www.justice.gov/archive/ll/highlights.htm. http://www.npr.org/news/specials/patriotact/patriotactprovisions.html provides critical

analysis of the Patriot Act.

8. Explain the Miranda v. Arizona decision. Read about this landmark case here: http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?

court=us&vol=384&invol=436. Chief Justice Warren’s hand written notes on the Miranda case:

http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/treasures/images/uc005076x.jpg .

9. Understand what purpose a lineup serves. http://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2012/05/07/man-wrongly-convicted-in-sf-murder-questions-

police-lineups/. This article discusses the use of police lineups that resulted in wrongful convictions.

10. Know the exclusionary rule, including its extensions and exceptions. To learn more about the exclusionary rule, read C. Maureen Stinger’s “Arizona v. Evans”:

http://law.richmond.edu/jolt/v2i1/stinger.html

Chapter Nine

Court Structure and Personnel

1. Understand state court structure. This website discusses the workload of the various state courts:

http://www.ncsconline.org/D_Research/csp/CSP_Main_Page.html The National Center for State Courts (NCSC) is an independent, nonprofit organization dedicated

to the improvement of justice. Particularly helpful is NCSC’s Court Statistics Project, which can be accessed here: http://www.ncsc.org.

2. Understand federal court structure. Highlights the types of cases heard by federal courts:

http://www.uscourts.gov/FederalCourts/UnderstandingtheFederalCourts/HowCourtsWork/CivilCases.aspx

http://www.uscourts.gov/JudgesAndJudgeships/FederalJudgeships.aspx :This website to review the judgeship positions with the federal courts.

• The Supreme Court maintains a website that has a wealth of information on its history, judges, procedures, case filings, rules, handling guides, opinions, and other relevant material: http://www.supremecourt.gov.

3. Know the problems associated with court congestion. This PBS documentary discusses the use of plea bargaining in the criminal justice system:

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/plea/view/1_hi.html

4. Discuss the duties, qualifications, and selection of judges. The clip below is of the opening statements of Supreme Court Justice Elena Kagan’s

confirmation hearing:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XFkVwvlpXUk&feature=related

The American Judges Association seeks to improve the effective and impartial administration of justice, to enhance the independence and status of the judiciary, to provide for continuing education of its members, and to promote the interchange of ideas of a judicial nature among judges, court organizations, and the public. http://aja.ncsc.dni.us/

5. Explain the different types of judicial alternatives.

6. Identify factors associated with judicial decision-making. The website for the federal judiciary (http://www.uscourts.gov/) contains additional information

about the federal courts, including a long list of questions to frequently asked questions about the courts.

7. Understand the role of the prosecutor. Visit http://www.ndaa.org/nccp_home.html, which discusses the key principles of community

prosecution.

8. Recognize the role of prosecutorial discretion in the criminal justice system.

9. Understand the role of the defense attorney.

PBS documentary on the infamous O.J. Simpson trial: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/oj/view/1_hi.html. (LO7)

10. Explain the right to counsel. http://www.nlada.org/About/About_HistoryDefender

Visit this website to review the history of the right to counsel and other issues related to the Sixth Amendment right to counsel.

Chapter TenPretrial and Trial Procedures

1. Understand the procedures following arrest.

2. List a variety of bail systems. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2264255/Cannibal-Cops-partner-denied-bail-judge-

learns-depraved-talk-raping-infant.html is an article discussing a 2012 case in which two men were denied bail. (LO3)

3. Recount the history of bail reform. http://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/sites/default/files/socioeconomic-impact-pretrial-

detention-02012011.pdf is a document discussing the socio-economic impact of pretrial detention. (LO2)

To see the provisions of the Bail Reform Act of 1984, go to the Federal Judicial Center website here: http://www.fjc.gov/public/pdf.nsf/lookup/bailref.pdf/$file/bailref.pdf.

4. Define pretrial services. To get the latest news on grand juries, go to Susan Brenner’s Federal Grand Jury site.

http://campus.udayton.edu/~grandjur/. The Pretrial Justice Institute is an independent, nonprofit clearinghouse for information on

pretrial issues and a technical assistance provider for pretrial practitioners, criminal justice officials, academics, and community leaders nationwide: http://www.pretrial.org.

5. List the differences between the indictment process and the information process. http://www.law.cornell.edu/rules/frcrmp/rule_6 are the federal rules of criminal procedure

concerning the grand jury. Learn about grand juries by visiting the following website, compiled by Susan Brenner:

http://www.udayton.edu/~grandjur/.

6. Discuss the purpose of arraignment. A great deal of research is being conducted on criminal sanctions. One of the best sources of

information is the Sentencing Project. http://www.sentencingproject.org

7. Discuss the pros and cons of plea bargaining.

8. Explain the role of the prosecutor, defense attorney, judge, and victim in the plea negotiation. http://www.npr.org/2012/03/21/149093334/high-court-throws-out-conviction-in-bad-lawyer-

case is an article discussing a recent Supreme Court case concerning defendant’s rights when it comes to plea bargaining.

9. Explain the legal rights of the accused at trial. Nullification, in the case of juries, occurs when a juror reaches a decision based on personal

beliefs rather than on factual evidence. Watch a 60 Minutes interview with Professor Paul Butler at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e8eQ_EYwQQI. Professor Butler argues that African-American jurors should acquit African-American defendants charged with non-violent crimes as a form of political protest against sentencing policies.

10. Summarize the trial process. The article http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,163877,00.html discusses the concept of jury

nullification. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-xQZoUsQPq4 is a video of jury instructions read to a jury

for a murder trial in Tennessee.

Chapter ElevenPunishment and Sentencing

1. Outline the historical development of punishment.

2. List the major goals of contemporary sentencing. The following is a link to the United States Sentencing Commission web page:

http://www.ussc.gov/Guidelines/index.cfm

3. Distinguish among general and specific deterrence, incapacitation, and retribution.

4. Compare rehabilitation with just desert.5. Know how sentences are imposed.

6. Classify the various types of sentencing structures. http://www.lao.ca.gov/2005/3_Strikes/3_strikes_102005.htm is an article discussing the impact

of three strike laws in California. http://www.ussc.gov/index.cfm is a link about the United States Sentencing Commission. Study the results of California’s “three strikes” law at

http://www.lawso.ucsb.edu/projects/review/issues/2001-2002/r01-02thompson.pdf.

7. Discuss how people are sentenced today. https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/186480.pd f is a document discussing the practice of

sentencing guidelines and future projections of the use of sentencing guidelines.

8. Demonstrate your knowledge of the nature of capital punishment in the United States and abroad.

The link below is a thirty year retrospective of the death penalty in the United States:http://www.americanbar.org/publications/human_rights_magazine_home/human_rights_vol34_2007/spring2007/hr_spring07_intro.html.

9. Be familiar with the arguments for and against capital punishment.• http://www.wbal.com/article/96925/3/template-story/OMalley-Death-Penalty-Does-Not-Work

is a link that provides information on the efforts of Governor O’Malley of Maryland to repeal the death penalty in his state. (LO8)

In 2008, in Kennedy v. Louisiana, the Supreme Court rejected the death penalty for the crime of child rape. Read the case at: http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?court=US&vol=000&invol=07-343.

10. Discuss the legality of the death penalty. Recent Supreme Court Cases regarding the death penalty:

http://deathpenalty.procon.org/view.resource.php?resourceID=001769. To read more about capital punishment, go to Death Penalty Information Center, located here:

http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/.

Chapter TwelveCommunity Sentences: Probation, Intermediate

Sanctions, and Restorative Justice

1. Be familiar with the concept of community sentencing. Community supervision is one of the most widely-used forms of corrections in the United States.

Its emphasis has remained focused on treatment, unlike that of prisons which has become more punitive. Like all programs, it is necessary to evaluate the successes and failures of community supervision from time to time. The following link leads to one such report on community corrections programs in Texas: http://www.tdcj.state.tx.us/documents/cjad/CJAD_Strengthening_Community_Supervision.pdf

2. Know the history of community sentences. Community supervision is one of the most widely-used forms of corrections in the United States.

Its emphasis has remained focused on treatment, unlike that of prisons, which has become more punitive. Like all programs, it is necessary to evaluate the successes and failures of community supervision from time to time. The following link leads to one such report on community corrections programs in Texas: http://www.tdcj.state.tx.us/documents/cjad/CJAD_Monitoring_Evaluation_New_Diversion_Funding.pdf

3. Recognize the different types of probation sentences.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xFg3342DHDA is a video on the day in the life parole and probation officers in Washington D.C. (LO4; LO5)

4. Be familiar with the rules of probation.

5. Discuss the organization and administration of probation services.6. Define and discuss the term risk classification.

Information about the federal government’s probation and pretrial services: http://www.uscourts.gov/FederalCourts/ProbationPretrialServices.aspx

7. Be familiar with the legal issues related to probation. The link http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/content/pub/pdf/ppus08.pdf contains statistical information

about probation and parole in the United States (2008).

8. Debate the effectiveness of probation. Research published in the Federal Probation Journal:

http://www.uscourts.gov/FederalCourts/ProbationPretrialServices/FederalProbationJournal.aspx

9. Know what is meant by intermediate sanctions. Information regarding civil forfeiture practices in the context of criminal law:

http://www.citypaper.net/cover_story/2012-11-29-civil-asset-forfeiture.html. https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles/165043.pdf discusses the case for intermediate sanctions and

the impediments to effective intermediate sanctions.

10. Define restorative justice and discuss its merits. http://www.restorativejustice.org/ is a link about restorative justice practices across the world. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rgTqTcJPlLI is a link discussing the history of restorative

justice. Circles of Support and Accountability, or COSA, is a restorative justice program for sexual

offenders that is being used in Canada, Britain and parts of the United States. An evaluation of the pilot program in Canada can be found here: http://www.csc-scc.gc.ca/text/rsrch/reports/r168/r168-eng.shtmlAnd a video interview with the program leader in Fresno, CA can be found here: http://www.pbs.org/wnet/religionandethics/episodes/january-29-2010/ministering-to-sex-offenders/5591/

Chapter ThirteenCorrections: History, Institutions, and Populations

1. Identify the various components of the correctional institution system.

2. Discuss some of the most significant problems facing the correctional system.

http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/content/pub/pdf/hivp08.pdf contains statistical information about HIV in prisons in the United States.

3. Be able to articulate how the first penal institutions developed in England. Read about the origins of prisons at http://www.howardleague.org/index.php?id=31.

4. Explain how William Penn revolutionized corrections in Pennsylvania. Learn about William Penn and how he influenced prisons in the United States:

http://www.quaker.org/wmpenn.html

5. Compare the early New York and Pennsylvania prison models.

6. Chart the development of penal reform.

7. List the purposes of jails and understand the characteristic makeup of jail populations. A documentary on the Miami Dade County jail system: http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=TZVqbAUMM9A.

8. Be familiar with the term new-generation jail. Corrections Corporation of America (CCA) designs, builds, and manages prisons, jails, and

detention facilities. You can catch up on what they are doing here: http://www.correctionscorp.com/. (LO9; LO10)

The Corrections Center in Northwest Ohio is based upon the new-generation jail philosophy, a more modern and humane approach over traditional jails. http://www.ccnoregionaljail.org/newgenerationjail.htm

9. Classify the different types of federal and state penal institutions. Information regarding the use of maximum security prisons can be found here:

http://www2.nycbar.org/pdf/report/uploads/20072165-TheBrutalityofSupermaxConfinement.pdf

A three part video on private prisons: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Th3_bltAbqk Learn about the maximum security federal prison Alcatraz:

http://www.alcatrazhistory.com/mainpg.htm Read the report below, which discusses the research on correctional bootcamps:

http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/197018.pdf The Federal Bureau of Prisons website: http://www.bop.gov/.

10. Discuss prison population trends. Access the Bureau of Justice Statistics information on correctional populations in the US at

http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/content/pub/pdf/cpus11.pdf.

Chapter FourteenPrison Life: Living In and Leaving Prison

1. Discuss the problems of the adult correctional system. PrisonerLife.com is an Internet magazine offering you the opportunity to better understand the

American justice and prison systems, from a prisoner point of view. http://www.prisonerlife.com/

2. Know what is meant by the term total institution.

3. Differentiate between a no-frills philosophy and a rehabilitation philosophy.

4. Chart the “prisonization” process and the development of the inmate social code. Watch “Inside the Prison Code” at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8RJPCt6BzvU.

5. Compare the lives and cultures of male and female inmates. http://www.cga.ct.gov/2012/rpt/2012-R-0157.htm provides a summary of which states provide

prison nursery programs. Article on how some states still permit the practice of shackling pregnant inmates:

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/10/11/pregnant-women-shackles-giving-birth-two-thirds-33-states_n_1958319.html.

The Women’s Prison Association is a service and advocacy organization committed to helping women with criminal justice histories realize new possibilities for themselves and their families. http://www.wpaonline.org/

6. Be familiar with the different forms of correctional treatment. Article that discusses how employment programs affect the behavior of offenders and former

offenders: http://www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/1985/04/rpt1full.pdf. and discuss how employment programs affect the behavior of offenders and former offenders.

7. Discuss the world of correctional officers. Read about the Stanford Prison Experiment: http://www.prisonexp.org/.

8. Understand the causes of prison violence. Video regarding sexual violence in prisons:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R3j3Wk711zY Read the article http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1916301,00.html, which

discusses some of the most violent prison riots in history.

9. Know what is meant by prisoners’ rights, and discuss some key privileges that have been granted to inmates.

Learn about the rights of prisoners by going to this website: http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/data/constitution/amendment14/17.html.

The ACLU’s National Prison Project is the only national litigation program on behalf of prisoners. Read about it here: http://www.aclu.org/prisoners-rights/about-aclu-national-prison-project.

10. Be familiar with the problems of prisoner reentry. Information regarding the Second Chance Act from the Reentry Policy Council:

http://reentrypolicy.org/government_affairs/second_chance_act.

Chapter FifteenJuvenile Justice

1. Describe the nature and purpose of the juvenile justice system. An article Nebraska politicians who want to bring back the original nature and purpose of the

juvenile justice system.:http://www.ketv.com/news/politics/Neb-lawmakers-propose-juvenile-system-reforms/-/9674400/18250892/-/kmhib2/-/index.html.

Read about the numbers and types of crimes that juveniles are arrested for at: http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/ojjdp/228479.pdf.

2. Be familiar with the history and development of juvenile justice. The website for the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention:

http://www.ojjdp.gov/.

3. Discuss the child savers and their vision of juvenile justice.

4. Describe the beginnings of the independent juvenile court.

5. Cite the changes in juvenile justice that began in the 1960s and continue today. Read the Supreme Court decision in In re Gault:

http://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/387/1/case.html.

6. Discuss police processing of juvenile offenders. Michael Crowe was 14 years old when he was arrested and charged with the murder of his 12

year old sister. Police interrogated him over a 2 day period. Watch part of the interrogation at http://www.oprah.com/oprahshow/Michael-Crowes-False-Confession.

7. Discuss the detention of juveniles.

8. Discuss the problems and legal issues surrounding the waiver decision. Article on the practice of juvenile transfers to adult court:

https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/ojjdp/220595.pdf Watch the online documentary “When Kids Get Life” at

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/whenkidsgetlife/. Research the topic of the death penalty for juveniles by visiting Death Penalty Info.org at

http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/article.php?did=205&scid=27. Read the article entitled “Waiver of Juveniles to Criminal Court: Judicial Discretion and Racial

Disparity,” available at http://www.cjcj.org/files/waiver_of.pdf.

9. Chart the juvenile trial and sentencing process.

10. Discuss efforts to treat troubled kids in the juvenile justice system. An article and the video clip on a 13 year old boy who is being charged in Florida with first

degree murder:

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/09/16/cristian-fernandez-story-case_n_1888692.html Read more about youth gangs and how they’re dealt with by the juvenile justice system by going

to the National Youth Gang Center at http://www.iir.com/nygc/default.htm.

Chapter SixteenCrime and Justice in the New Millenium

1. Be familiar with the influence of globalization on crime.

2. Discuss the impact of criminal enterprise crime. A documentary on the Bernard Madoff scandal:

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/madoff/view/. The Federal Trade Commission website on identity theft can be found here:

http://www.ftc.gov/bcp/edu/microsites/idtheft/. The Securities and Exchange Commission’s (SEC) website: http://www.sec.gov/about.shtml.

3. Discuss the various forms of cybercrime.

4. Know what is being done to thwart cyber criminals.

5. Understand the concept of transnational crime. The website http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/slaves/map/indexflash.html discusses

five women from Eastern Europe who were tricked into the sex trade business. “Embrace Civility in the Digital Age,” a program ran by the Center for Safe and Responsible

Internet Use, promotes approaches that will best ensure all young people become “Cyber Savvy” in a positive manner. http://www.embracecivility.org/

6. Explain how law enforcement is taking on transnational criminal syndicates. The website http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/investigate/civilrights/human_trafficking shows how

the FBI fights human trafficking.

7. Be able to define terrorism and describe the factors that motivate terrorists. Watch the documentary Faith and Doubt at Ground Zero at

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/faith/view/, which debates religion, terrorism and the impact of 9/11.

8. Be familiar with the various forms of contemporary terrorism. Watch the documentary A Perfect Terrorist at http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/david-

headley/, which tells the story of an American who was sentenced to 35 years for plotting the 2008 Mumbai terrorist attacks.

9. Explain how the criminal justice system fights terrorism. The website http://www.dhs.gov/preventing-terrorism shows how the Department of

Homeland Security attempts to prevent terrorism.

This documentary discusses how the Bush administration’s actions conflict with the Supreme Court rulings post 9/11 on terror cases: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/cheney/view/

10. Identify trends that are likely to influence criminal justice in the future.