Ashley Kupau

March 4, 2014

COM 330: ICT Concepts

Assignment II

1. If I had a friend who wanted to buy a home Internet plan, I would begin to explain to him the different Internet connections and their advantages and disadvantages. The different types of Internet connections for home Internet plans are analog, ISDN, B-ISDN, DSL, cable, and wireless Internet connections.

Analog is also known as the dial-up Internet access. Because of the speed that technology is going in this day and age, analog is the least popular Internet connection because is the slowest. It uses a telephone line and dials a telephone number to be able to connect to the Internet. Because it uses a normal telephone, the quality of the connection is not always good and data rates are limited.

Another Internet connection is the ISDN, which stands for Integrated Services Digital Network. It is similar to the analog connection because its standards can send voice, video, and data over digital telephone lines or normal telephone wires.

The next Internet connection, which is the upgraded version of the ISDN and it, is the Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network (B-ISDN). However, the B-ISDN transfers data over fiber optic telephone lines, not normal telephone wires. Although it is an upgraded version to the ISDN, it is not widely implemented.

The next Internet connection changed the face of Internet because of its capabilities. The Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) is referred as the “always on” connection. Rather than using normal telephone wires, DSL uses an existing 2-wire copper telephone line connected to the premise so the service is delivered simultaneously with wired telephone service. However, DSL will note tie up your phone line as an analog dial-up connection does. An analog dial up only uses a connection that is available while the DSL will search for a connection that is available therefore you are able to connect to the Internet.

The next Internet connection is the cable or the broadband Internet connection. It is designed to operate over cable TV lines and works by using TV channel space for data transmission. Certain channels would be used for downstreaming while other channels would be used for upstreaming. Rather than the telephone lines that the DSL or the analog uses connections, the coaxial cable that is used by cable TV provides much greater bandwidth, which means that it can achieve the connection faster.

Another Internet connection is the considered to be one of the newest internet connections, which is the Wireless Internet Connections. Rather than using the telephone or TV connections, the Wireless Internet Connections uses the radio frequency bands and it provides an always-on connection, which can be accessed from anywhere (as long as you are geographically within a network coverage area). This is the type of connection that users with laptops use because they do not need to be connected to a certain cable in order to receive an Internet connection however; this is the more expensive Internet connection because of it.

a. One of Hawaii’s top companies that provide home Internet plans is Oceanic Cable. Their plan offers a variety of prices and speeds of connections that can better assist a wide variety of users. The fastest download speed is up to 100 mbps and its upload speed is up to 5 mbps however; the monthly charge is $50 and more. The second fastest download speed is up to 75 mbps and its upload speed is up to 5 mbps, which the monthly charge is $40 and more. The next fastest has a download speed up to 50 mbps and an upload speed up to 5 mbps, which the monthly charge is $30 and more. The next fastest has a download speed up to 30 mbps and an upload speed up to 5 mbps, which the monthly charge is $20 and more. The next fastest has a download speed up to 20 mbps and an upload speed up to 2 mbps, which the monthly charge is $10 and more. Please refer to the pricing chart below.

b. Transmission media is the “physical pathways that connect computers, other devices, and people on a network-highways and byways that comprise the information superhighway,” (Goleniewsky, 53). In other words, in order to use the Internet, transmission media is needed. The different types of medias for transmission medias consist of Cable, Fiber Optics, and Wireless.

Cable consists of an unshielded twisted-pair, shielded twisted-pair, and a coaxial cable. The two twisted-pair cables are how many people access the Internet through a local loop, which is built on the twisted pair. They are made up of two insulated copper wires and require short distance between repeaters. A coaxial cable is also made up of copper and it has a higher transmission rate than the twisted pair. Some advantages of the coaxial cable is that has a broadband system, greater channel capacity, greater bandwidth, lower error rates, and greater space between amplifiers. Some disadvantages is that it has problems with deployment architecture, there is a lot of noise, there is a high installation costs, there is high costs for local moves, adds, and changes, and it is susceptible to damage from lightening strikes.

The Fiber Optics is made out of either glass or plastic and light is transmitted through it, which carries information. Fiber optics secure transmission and it is used in core networks and in network backbones. Some advantages of the Fiber Optics is that it has extremely high bandwidth, has elastic traffic-carrying capacity, it is not susceptible to electromagnetic interference, it secures transmission and early detection, and it is low in weight and mass. Some disadvantages is that is it has high installation costs but is slowly dropping, it requires special test equipment, it has a shortage of components and manufacturing sites, it is vulnerable to physical damage, and it is vulnerable to damage caused by wildfire.

The last transmission media is called the microwave. Some systems use the microwave because it operates up to a 50 GHz range. But systems today do not operate across this full range of frequencies.

1. Starbucks: Windward City Shopping Center

ISP Name

Type of Connection

Date/Time

Download Speed (kb/s)

Upload Speed (kb/s)

Time Warner Cable

Wifi router, fiber-optic

Feb. 22, 2014

4:14 p.m.

14.31 Mbps

3.30 mbps

Home: Kaneohe

ISP Name

Type of Connection

Date/Time

Download Speed (kb/s)

Upload Speed (kb/s)

Time Warner Cable

Wifi router, fiber-optic

Mar. 1, 2014

9:06 p.m.

16.08 Mbps

1. 20 mbps

2. Google Analysis

a. How many hops did your packets come through to reach their destination?

According to the results on visualroute.visualware.com, the route had 11 hops to reach the destination. 11 hops are considered to be low therefore there are “fewer potential points of failure.”

b. What is the maximum response time for any hop? What does the test mention about the maximum response time? Good or bad?

According to the results on visualroute.visualware.com, the maximum response time for any hop in this route is 71 ms (millisecond) and this is considered good. The average response time for hops for this route was 27 ms and this is also considered good.

c. What is the degree of maximum packet loss (if there is any)? Does the analysis mention anything special on packet loss (e.g. hops with serious problems)?

According to the results on visualroute.visualware.com, the degree of maximum packet loss was 0%, which is considered reasonable. The analysis mentions that Hop 8 was responding in an erratic manner and it was varying between 55 and 116 ms response time. The analysis also stated that this could be indicative of problems at that point.

d. Go to the table and map sections. Note the geographic data (Ex: City names, geographic locations) and IP addresses of various routers on the Internet that your data came across.

i. Geographic Data: Honolulu, Hawaii

ii. IP Addresses of various routers on the Internet:

64.65.64.32

10.255.251.252

10.255.252.2

10.255.253.21

64.128.3.69

66.192.253.170

72.14.213.97

64.233.174.238

72.14.236.11

74.125.224.167

Tumblr Analysis

a. How many hops did your packets come through to reach their destination?

According to the results on the visualroute.visualware.com, the route had 17 hops to reach its destination. 17 hops are considered to be relatively high which means that there are more points of potential failure.

b. What is the maximum response time for any hop? What does the test mention about the maximum response time? Good or bad?

According to the results on the visualroute.visualware.com, the maximum response time for any hop in this route was 125 ms which is considered good. The average response time for this route was 72 ms which is also considered good.

c. What is the degree of maximum packet loss (if there is any)? Does the analysis mention anything special on packet loss?

According to the results on the visualroute.visualware.com, the degree of maximum packet loss in this route was 0%, which is considered to be reasonable.

d. Go to the table and map sections. Note the geographic data and IP addresses of various routers on the Internet that your data came across.

a. Geographic data: Honolulu, Hawaii, Los Angeles, California, Washington DC, and Newark, NJ

b. IP addresses:

64.65.64.32

10.255.251.252.

10.255.252.2

10.255.253.21

64.128.3.69

66.192.253.170

4.53.230.61

4.69.144.254

4.69.137.45

4.69.132.82

4.69.134.134

4.69.134.149

4.69.132.102

4.69.156.43

4.30.129.254

66.6.42.20