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The Middle East and North Africa RegionThe Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
AND
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK
FOR
THE JORDAN MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES DEVELOPMENT FOR INCLUSIVE GROWTH
PROJECT
October 14, 2012
E4054
Contents
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 2
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 3
TRANSLATION OF EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (ARABIC) 4
I. INTRODUCTION 5
II. PROPOSED OPERATIONS DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVE 6
III. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS OF THE PROGRAM
7
IV. POLICIES OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS OF THE WORLD BANK 10
V. DESCRIPTION OF JORDANIAN NATIONAL LAWS RELATED TO THE PROPOSED PROJECT 12
VI. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK 17
ANNEX 1: CONSULTATIONS 25
ANNEX 2: THE POTENTIAL ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS, PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES, AND MONITORING PROGRAM, INCLUDING KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS (KPIS) 30
1
ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
ASEZ Aqaba Special Economic Zone
BP Bank Procedures
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
ESMF Environmental and Social Management Framework
FI Financial Intermediaries
IFC International Finance Corporation
JISM Jordan Institute of Standards and Metrology
IDB Islamic Development Bank
KfW Kreditanstalt fur Wiederaufbau
MOE Ministry of Environment
MSMEs Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises
PEA Project Executing Agency
NGOs Non-Governmental Organizations
OP Operational Policies
TA Technical assistance
WB World Bank
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This document presents an Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA), which is the set of environmental and social procedures and policies to be applied to activities funded under this line of credit. It will be implemented through an Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMF) to ensure the environmental and social sustainability of activities, knowing that the location and content of these activities are not known in advance, financed through Financial Intermediaries (FI) having access to funds provided through the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) Development Project. The ESIA/EMSF described in this document will be used by the FI to manage the environmental and social issues and to ensure that the financed activities do not harm the environment and that they are conducted in accordance with the policies and procedures of donor agencies.
The effective setting of an ESIA/ESMF ensures that the concerns expressed in the safeguard policies of the World Bank, and the Jordanian government is adequately taken into consideration.
The Environmental and Social Procedures described in this ESIA/ESMF are designed to: (i) determine the negative environmental and social impacts of activities to be financed; (ii) avoid, reduce or mitigate these negative impacts and; (iii) undertake monitoring and evaluation.
A detailed environmental monitoring plan has been developed which is also in line with the Jordan Ministry of Environment’s EA regulations to verify that predictions of environmental impacts are accurate and that unforeseen impacts are detected at an early stage and allow corrective measures to be implemented, if needed.
CBJ will be required to document the monitoring results and measure the benefits as part of the M&E process. The Project will be implemented by the existing Project Implementing Unit (PIU) at CBJ. Therefore CBJ will be responsible for implementation of contracts/works, and the PIU will request from lending banks to report to them their compliance to this ESIA trhoiough their quarterly reporting mechanism to CBJ so as to assure the WB on implementation (including compliance with ESMF). CBJ will be accountable for providing the WB with the monitoring and reporting of these banks and for that CBJ should ensure that it has under its jurisdiction the staff to propagate training to the lending banks and to aggregate needed reports from the respective authorities or noting that the WB will make available the technical support of their environmental and social safeguards specilast to support the designated person in the PIU for the aggregation of the compliance reporting . Lending banks will be responsible for supervision and thereby ensuring that all project works are in compliance with the ESMP.
Any activity funded under this Project, whether it is new, or refunding of an existing MSME, is subject to the procedures described in this ESIA.
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تنفيذي ملخصالوثيقة هذه من دراسة تمثل مجموعة عن عبارة هي والتي واالجتماعي، البيئي األثر تقييم
في الممولة األنشطة على تطبيقها يتم التي السياسات و واالجتماعية البيئية اإلجراءات . البنكيه االئتمان خطوط من النوع هذا إطار
البيئية الناحية من المموله األنشطة إستدامة لضمان االجراءات هذه تنفيذ وسيتم . ويتم مسبقا معروف غير األنشطة هذه ومحتوى تنفيذ مواقع أن العلم مع واالجتماعية،
و البنوك خالل من األنشطة هذه المالية )مؤسسات تمويل إمكانية( FIsالتمويل لديها التيالميكرويه المؤسسات تطوير مشروع خالل من المقدمة المالية الموارد على الحصول
. والمتوسطة والصغيرة
استخدامها سيتم التقرير هذا في تفصيلها تم والتي واالجتماعي البيئي األثر تقييم دراسة إنال أن وضمان واالجتماعية البيئية القضايا إلدارة المالية التمويل ومؤسسات البنوك قبل من
لسياسات وفقا تطبيقها يتم أن وكذلك االجتماعيه والحبكه بالبيئة الممولة األنشطة تضر . يجب فعاال واالجتماعي البيئي األثر تقييم دراسة إعداد يكون وحتى المانحة الجهات ومعايير
األردنية والحكومة الدولي للبنك الوقائية السياسات في ذكرها تم التي الضوابط تؤخذ أن. االعتبار بعين
أجل من تصميمها تم قد الدراسة هذه في وصفها تم التي واالجتماعية البيئية االجراءات إنتمويلها( )1) سيتم التي لألنشطة المحتمله واالجتماعية البيئية السلبية اآلثار تقليل( 2تحديد
السلبية ) اآلثار هذه تخفيف . الإجراء( 3أو ومفصلة دقيقة خطة وضع تم وقد والتقييم رصداآلثار عن الكشف وليتم حدوثها، المحتمل البيئية اآلثار توقعات أن من للتحقق البيئي للرصد
. األمر لزم إذا التصحيحية، التدابير لتنفيذ السماح وكذلك مبكرة مرحلة في المتوقعة غير
وقياس الرصد نتائج بتوثيق األردني المركزي البنك يقوم ألن حاجة هنالك تكون فسوف هذاعملية من كجزء . ال المنافع وحدة قبل من المقترح المشروع تنفيذ سيتم إذ والتقييم رصد
. البنك يكون سوف ولذلك األردني المركزي البنك في تآسيسها سيتم للمشروع إدارة / تقارير بتقديم الوحدة هذه وستقوم األشغال، العقود تنفيذ عن مسؤوال األردني المركزي ( الخاص العمل إلطار االمتثال ذلك في بما المشروع تنفيذ أنشطة عن الدولي البنك إلى .) عرضة األردني المركزي البنك يكون وسوف واالجتماعية البيئية األثار تقييم بدراسة
الموظفين وجود يضمن أن للبنك ينبغي ولهذا التقارير، وإرسال الرصد عملية عن للمسآلةبتدريب الموظفين هؤالء يقوم بحيث القضائية لواليته الخاضعين و المختصين
ووضع و المعنية السلطات من المطلوبة التقارير وتجميع المقرضة البنوكوالمؤسسات. المطلوبة التقارير
المشروع أنشطة جميع أن ضمان وبالتالي اإلشراف عن مسؤولة المقرضة البنوك وستكون . نشاط أي بأن ً علما واالجتماعية البيئية األثار تقييم بدراسة الخاص العمل إطار مع متماشية
الميكرويه للمؤسسات تمويل أوإعادة جديدا كان سواء المشروع، هذا خالل من ممول. الدراسة هذه في المذكورة للمعايير ً خاضعا سيكون القائمة، والمتوسطة والصغيرة
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I. INTRODUCTION
The World Bank (WB) is financing a Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) Development for Inclusive Growth Project in Jordan in Jordan.
The activities to be financed by MSMEs are not known in advance, and in order to ensure their environmental and social sustainability, the project will implement an Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) and Environmental and Social Management Plan (EMSP) that will be described in this document. The ESIA is a comprehensive process to assess and mitigate the environmental and social negative impacts that might be caused by the activities to be financed. The ESIA also provides measures for monitoring and evaluation and capacity building.
The effective implementation of the ESIA/ESMF ensures that the national environmental policies and those of the donor agencies are adequately taken into account, and that the activities of MSMEs are in compliance with these policies.
For greater efficiency, the implementation of the ESIA/ESMF is integrated with the process of loan approval. The Financial Intermediaries (FI) granting the loan, or the Project Executing Agency (PEA), uses the ESIA/ESMF to ensure that the activity of MSME has no significant negative or long-term social or environmental impact. By following the methodology of the ESIA/ESMF, the FI, or PEA, ensures that the MSME avoids, reduces or mitigates the negative impacts to an acceptable level. As part of the ESIA/ESMF a "negative list" excludes certain activities such as: those universally excluded by donors (weapons, illegal activities, Casinos, etc...), in addition to those affecting natural habitats, forests, endangered species, forced relocation of populations, dams, watercourses, and activities in the disputed areas.
The ESIA/ESMF provides that, at the national level, an annual evaluation is made to assess the cumulative impacts that were considered negligible at the level of individual projects, and to modify mitigation measures if need accordingly. The WB environmental and social safeguards specialist will support the CBJ in ensuring that ESIA/ESMF are adhered to through the monitoring of the lending banks and the reporting process. The WB environmental and social safeguards specialist will also provide re-enforcement training to stakeholders which will be in support of CBJ environmental and social safeguards representative to ensure that (FI, PEA, independent auditors) are adhereing to both the WB and MOE requirements and to allow examining environmental conditions preceding the activities.
The ESIA/ESMF is based on a two-step approach:
1. Make an environmental ("screening") to determine the environmental category of the activity to be financed;
2. Implement the appropriate procedure relative to the determined category. This is could be described in three categories and three modes of operation:
a. Important impact (Category "A" according to the WB and the ADB) or excluded activity under the negative list: project is excluded;
b. Average impact (Category "B" according to the WB and the ADB) ESMP is completed and the tender documents signed in accordance with the Jordanian regulations;
c. Negligible or absent impact (Category "C" according to the WB): no impact assessment is required.
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This methodology is almost universal and is commonly reproduced in similar forms in the countries concerned. In Jordan, for example, the national regulations define a list of projects that must do a comprehensive ESIA/ESMF. In addition, through the screening processes, unlisted projects could be asked by the Jordan Ministry of Environment to conduct an ESIA if they prove to have significant negative environmental impacts noting that, the national Jordanian regulations divide the projects into three categories that correspond roughly to the three categories of the World Bank.
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II.PROPOSED OPERATION’S DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVE The proposed operation’s main development objective is to contribute to an improvement in access to finance for MSMEs in Jordan.
The project will be designed such that it strengthens the link between the financing and performance in achieving sustainable, more inclusive access to finance and it supports new approaches to extend MSME finance on a larger scale. In particular, the design will incentivize lending to MSMEs that are underserved, women headed MSMEs, and MSMEs that are clustered around the Business Development Units being established in less served Governorates by the Government, thereby fostering a close link with a complementary demand side intervention initiative being undertaken by the Government. Lastly, it will seek to focus funding microfinance institutions, especially those that have an outreach in less served areas. Through such support, the project will increase access to finance, including to particularly under-served segments, support banks’ liquidity such that the constraints to MSME lending for them are reduced and promote good and responsible practices in lending, including through the use of a systematic safeguards framework.
There are also several higher level objectives that the successful implementation of the project will directly and indirectly achieve. Through contributing to an improvement in access to finance for MSMEs in Jordan, this operation will ultimately expand employment opportunities through the development of the private sector. In doing so, the operation will also create a demonstration of how improved financial intermediation to MSMEs can lead to sustainable private sector jobs, development of entrepreneurship capacities and, contribution to overall economic growth and thereby reduction of poverty as well . In addition, the CBJ views this project as a possible, good practice, demonstration project that can possibly leverage additional funding resources towards MSME lending from other sources, including other donors, that would enable replication and scaling up.
The project will also indirectly: (i) enhance the banking system’s capacity to evaluate the effectiveness of its MSME support; (ii) improve the incentives for banks to expand into MSME lending; (iii) incentivize and support the design of new financial products, and Islamic products in compliance with Shari’ah; and (ix) ensure better opportunities for the remote, rural and underprivileged areas to meet citizens’ needs and to establish income-generating projects with the objective of achieving sustainable and balanced development.
Project Description
The proposed operation will be a FIL (as per the World Bank Operations Policy Directive OP 8.30) with one component (a line of credit) in the amount of US$ 70 million. The Bank loan will be channeled through the CBJ—the project implementing entity—which will then on-lend to banks that either have an active MSME portfolio or the willingness and capacity to develop one. The banks will then on-lend the funding directly to micro and small enterprises or microfinance institutions and financial leasing companies that will on-lend to MSMEs. The line of credit will encourage the growth and expansion of new and existing enterprises and act as an incentive for enterprises that previously refrained from accessing the formal finance market to tap on it. The line of credit will not, however, support loan restructuring cases. The main clients will be the unbanked and existing clients that need longer maturity or additional financing.
Implementation of the Project - Jordan
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The proposed arrangements for the loan in Jordan are at the Central Bank of Jordan, which will be the Executing Agency Project (PEA) for the component of the line of credit. There are two units of the Central Bank will be involved in the implementation of the project: Unit external resources (which lead function PEA) and the Unit of banking supervision. Unit external resources host the Special Account for the first phase of the project. Announce it with a circular eligibility criteria to all FIs concerned; receive letters of interest FI, and would monitor the eligibility criteria in collaboration with the Unit of banking supervision Central Bank. A positive assessment of eligibility will be a prerequisite for the disbursement of funds to any FI wishing to benefit from the credit line. Funds from the World Bank would be managed jointly by the Central Bank as PEA, with common eligibility criteria, disbursement, monitoring and evaluation.
III. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS OF THE PROGRAM
Most of the activities funded by the Project will be defined during the implementation of individual projects. This project will not involve population relocation, involuntary land acquisition and any negative impacts on livelihoods for financing by banks and micro-finance institutions. In addition, this project will not include construction resulting in restriction to access of legally designated parks and protected areas. However, the activities and impacts presented below are given as examples:
Food processingEnvironmental impacts Degradation of water quality due to solid and liquid waste, Critical deterioration of aquatic habitats and species living there; automatic exclusion of the
activity; Extensive use of water and energy; Production of liquid and solid waste and residual products.
Social impacts Conflicts on the use of water; Diseases or infections caused by water pollution or waste; Alteration of the health of workers.
ConstructionEnvironmental impacts
Excavation waste (very low negative effect) The construction contractors shall get rid of remnants of excavation in safe places that have been previously selected by the concerned municipality. Common sense civil works-related codes (health and safety as well as engineering codes and civil works codes) shall be followed by the contractor such as the vehicles transporting excavation waste shall be completely covered. The contractors shall repair any damage of the infrastructures and shall restore the work site to its previous position as it was. The lending bank shall make sure the contractor comply with these conditions.
Harming/ prejudicing buried historical, cultural properties (almost no negative effect): Department of Antiquities and Cultural Heritage determines the sites where it is expected to find Historical archaeological values; these sites are known to the municipalities. When a Bank finances a proposed project, the location has to be agreed by the concerned municipality to avoid the locations to be in the historical archaeological sites. However, in the event of a discovery believed to be of historical archaeological asset during construction (chance-find), the works will stop immediately the discovery will be reported to the competent authority to take its proper course of action. The work will be resumed after permission is given to continue.
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Dust and air pollution (very low negative effect): A civil Contractor is required during works to control dust by spraying water on the earth to prevent dust from flying.
Noise (low negative effect): During the excavation contactors shall undertake works during the daytime so as to cause least disruption and inconvenience to the local population. In the event that there are any complaints, then measurement will be taken.
Emission the exhausts from the vehicles (very low negative effect) : All vehicles in the work location shall be licensed and insured and be exposed to check regarding emission of exhausts from environment authority , and to be sure that emission rates are not over the limited permitted.
Disabling the infrastructure and services due to excavations (weak negative impact) : No land acquisition will be permitted. The municipalities concerned of the public services will adhere to the following process summarized by the following :
Official letters will be sent to the municipalities to inform them of the proposed projects locations, this is to avoid damaging the infrastructure when implementing the projects.
No relocation or loss of shelter, loss of assets or access to assets, or loss of income sources or means of livelihoods is permitted.
Disruption to traffic (weak negative impact): Movement of heavy vehicles cause soil compaction and atmospheric pollution;
The sub-projects which could result in temporary street closure and disruption to pedestrians will be carefully coordinated with the traffic department (traffic controllers) to take the required procedures (re-direct traffic if necessary) and inform the public in advance so that they are prepared for the temporary in-convenience.
Public safety for the local population and workers (very weak negative impact): The Contractors shall have full regards of and maintain safety measures and procedures to protect works, workers, the safety and convenience of the public during the implementation of the projects using all type of precautions and tools such as isolating the site of the project when required, fencing, use phosphoric tapes, warning signs etc. Lack of care or lack of information can cause accidents, Thus people living in the area under direct influence of construction works, people moving in the vicinity, and end point users should be informed regarding appropriate safety precautions, for example:
- Not allowing children to play near construction sites (e.g. such as climbing of the poles or fences)
- Warn children not to play with kites and slingshots near the power lines.- Avoid trimming high trees located near the energy cables- Avoid handling broken cables
Clearing of land, removal of vegetal cover: impacts on air, water and soil quality;- Trees Trimmings (very weak negative impact ) : It is not permitted to cut any tree
during works, Rather in some of the rehabilitation projects it may include trimming of any tree which grown high to reach the electrical networks , this will be done in coordination with and in the presence of the representative from the concerned municipality.
- Soil erosion (very weak negative impact): The soil may be compacted. Also work has to be stopped during heavy rains to reduce soil erosion and accidents.
Construction of access roads to the construction sites; impacts on the fauna and flora; Displacement of land with impacts on air quality, water, and biodiversity; Construction of sewer systems involving excavations and placement of sewer structures; Generation and spills of pollutants such as motor oil, fuel, flows of cement mixtures, water
from machines washing.
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Social Impacts Circulation of vehicles and heavy machinery causing nuisances (noise, dust, limited access).
Livestock projects, intensive fattening barn, pastureEnvironmental Impacts
Clearing of forests and wilderness areas. The impact on forests and natural areas automatically excludes the activity;
Waste resulting in the loss of natural areas, important habitats or biodiversity will cause automatic exclusion of the activity;
Degradation of vegetation, erosion, loss of soil fertility due to overgrazing, excessive livestock operation that leads to environmental degradation;
Modification of infiltration rates, and global volume of water runoff due to the thinning of vegetation and soil compaction;
Deterioration of water quality due to erosion and spreading of waste and agrochemicals; Lowering of the water table due to the exploitation of water resources.
Social Impacts Nuisance to residents in the vicinity of the activity; Impacts on human health via the parasites and diseases transmittal from animals to humans.
Irrigation projectsEnvironmental impacts
Loss or degradation of wetlands and their environmental functions, their biodiversity and their ecological productivity: automatic exclusion of the activity;
Water clogging, water salination and soil erosion; Reduced water quality due to the introduction of nutrients, agrochemicals, mineral salts and
irrigation.
Social impacts Competing demands and conflicts over water resources; Creating proliferation, water points, vectors of diseases (malaria and bilharzias); Dissemination of infection and disease due to improper use of irrigation canals for water
supply, swimming or disposal of human waste; Health effects due to water storage, handling, use or disposal of agrochemicals (pesticides,
herbicides).
Fish farmingEnvironmental impacts
Loss of wetlands and associated ecosystems: automatic exclusion of the activity; Erosion of the project site; Water pollution by waste from aquaculture, causing a decline in aquatic habitats; Introduction of alien species leading to the decline of wildlife species important to the local
food supply.
Social impacts Conflicts over the use of land; Conflicts over water resources mainly due to competing demands;
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Diseases or conditions caused by water pollution by waste from aquaculture; Propagation of vector and waterborne diseases.
Medical companies (drugs manufacturing units are excluded)Environmental impacts
Health risks Contamination / loss of water quality and soil; Air Pollution
Social impacts Injuries and infections caused by sharp instruments; Impacts on public health due to contaminated waste; Long-term impacts on the health effects of exposure to toxic substances; Odors; smoke/air pollutants from the open burning.
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IV. POLICIES OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS OF THE WORLD BANK
Policies of environmental and social safeguard of the World Bank, consisting of Operational Policies (OP) and Bank Procedures (BP), are designed to protect the environment and populations from potential negative impacts of projects, plans, programs and policies. They are:
OP 4.01 Environmental Assessment, including Public ParticipationOP 4.04 Natural HabitatsOP 4.09 Pest ManagementOP 4.11 Physical Cultural ResourcesOP 4.12 Involuntary ResettlementOP 4.10 Indigenous PeoplesOP 4.36 ForestsOP 4.37 Safety of DamsOP 7.50 Projects on International WaterwaysOP 7.60 Projects in disputed areas
OP 4.01: Environmental AssessmentIn World Bank Operations, the purpose of Environmental Assessment is to improve decision making, to ensure that projects are sound and sustainable, and that potentially affected people are consulted. This will ensure that projects funded by the Bank are environmentally viable and decision-making is improved through an analysis of environmental impacts (OP 4.01, paragraph 1). This policy is triggered if a project is likely to have adverse environmental impacts in its area of influence. OP 4.01 covers impacts on the physical environment (air, water and earth), the quality of life, health, security; physical cultural resources, and cross-border and global environmental concerns.
To meet this objective, the World Bank Policy defines procedures to: Identify the level of environmental risk (screening) associated with a project; Assess the potential environmental impacts associated with the risk and how they should be
reduced to acceptable levels (environmental assessment and management); Ensure the views of local groups that may be affected by the project are reflected in identifying
the environmental risk and managing any impacts (public consultation); Make certain that procedures followed in the environmental assessment process are adequately
disclosed and transparent to the general public (disclosure); and Include measures for implementation and supervision of commitments relating to findings and
recommendations of the ESMF.
Consultation: Public consultation and disclosure are essential elements of World Bank environmental assessment policy and the necessary procedures and documentation for consultation and disclosure are addressed within the context of this ESIA/ESMF. The OP 4.01 also describes the consultation requirements; the borrower consults project-affected groups and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) about the project's environmental aspects and takes into consideration their views.
The Borrower begins this consultation as soon as possible, and consults with such groups throughout the implementation of the project. The Borrower shares information resulting from the consultation in a language accessible to the groups being consulted. This policy is triggered, and this ESIA/ESMF is the result of this OP.
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The project team has held initial consultations in Jordan. Consultations were held with potential PFIs (private and state owned commercial banks, leasing firms), ministries (Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Industry and Commerce) and other government bodies (Central Bank of Jordan, the Jordan Chamber of Industry , FIs (Tanmeyah - Jordan Microfinance Network, Tamweelcom, Microfund for Women to present the proposed project structure to relevant stakeholders and to get their feedback on its design in order to get their views on the constraints for MSMEs, the proposed FIL, as well as their ideas on and potential partnership in the provision of technical assistance to MSMEs. All financial institutions will be notified of the availability of funds. This information will outline the conditions of eligibility of loans under the Jordan FIL. Additional consultations on the project and ESIA/ESMF were carried out with of stakeholders on Oct. 3, 2012, (Ahli, Arab, Cairo Amman, Arab Banking Corporation, And Ahli Microfinance Company as well as the Jordan Chambers of Trade and Industry) (see Annex 1 for details).
OP 4.04, Natural HabitatsThe OP does not allow the financing of projects degrading or converting critical natural habitats, of particular interest for the preservation of biological diversity and ecological functions. Natural habitats deserve special attention when conducting assessments of impacts on the environment. The MSME project will not allow activities affecting natural habitats, and this policy is not triggered.
OP 4.09, Pest ManagementTo avoid misuse of chemical pesticides, this policy calls for a fight against pests and parasites using a variety of methods, including biological methods (integrated vector control). Any project activity seeking to control pests and vectors must put in place an integrated vector control plan.
OP 4.11, Physical Cultural ResourcesThis policy protects cultural resources potentially affected by the project activities. Upon discovery of archaeological and cultural relics, it will be implemented in a process of "accidental discovery" comprising (i) an evaluation study of cultural resources by competent authorities and (ii) exclusion of the site, the creation and implementation of a Plan of Protection of Cultural Resources.
OP 4.12, Involuntary ResettlementThe objective of OP 4.12 is to avoid or minimize involuntary resettlement where feasible or by exploring all alternatives. OP 4.12 covers assistance to people displaced by the improvement or restoration of their living standards, their ability to generate revenue or enhance their production levels.
Population relocation and involuntary land acquisition will be prohibited for financing by banks or other micro-finance institutions to the end beneficiaries through a negative list in the Operations Manual. In addition, any construction resulting in restriction to access of legally designated parks and protected areas will also be prohibited for financing by banks and other micro-finance institutions and included in the negative list in the Operations Manual. The OM will include a social assessment to determine any potential safeguards implications and actions.
OP 4.10, Indigenous PeoplesIndigenous populations, often disadvantaged, deserve special treatment in development projects. This policy will not be triggered in this project, indigenous peoples, within the meaning of this Operational Policy of the World Bank, does not exist in Jordan.
OP 4.36, Forests
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The OP provides support for sustainable forestry and conservation oriented forest. It does not support the commercial exploitation in primary tropical moist forests. Its overall objective is to reduce deforestation, enhance the contribution of woodlands to the environment. The World Bank does not finance commercial logging operations or the purchase of equipment for the operation of primary tropical forests. The current project excludes any forestry activity and, consequently, the operational policy will not be triggered.
OP 4.37 Safety of DamsOP / BP 4.37, Safety of Dams recommended for large dams conducting a technical study and periodic security inspections by independent experts specializing in dam safety. Dependent components of large dams also must demonstrate the safety of the dam. This project does not trigger this policy.
OP 7.50, Projects on international waterwaysProjects affecting international waters must obtain agreements residents, and ensures that riparian states are informed and do not oppose the project. This project will not finance activities of international watercourses.
OP 7.60, Projects in Disputed Areas (in dispute)This policy seeks to ensure that parties claiming their right to the disputed areas affected by a project financed by the Bank have no objection to the proposed project. This project will not finance activities in area of litigation, this policy is not triggered.
V. DESCRIPTION OF JORDANIAN NATIONAL LAWS RELATED TO THE PROPOSED PROJECT
Biophysical and Economic Framework (Jordan)Biophysical
Jordan has some environmental challenges, but recognizes the importance of sound environmental management in order to: (i) sustain the limited environmental resources; (ii) promote tourism which is an important source of income; (iii) participate in the European Neighborhood Policy of the European Union and donor lender funded programs. Among the challenges are: highly scarce natural resources of fresh water, vulnerable marine environment, desertification and deforestation, overgrazing, and soil erosion.
Economy (including the role of SMEs)
Jordan has reached a milestone in its development process. Has faced challenges and unprecedented opportunities since the mid-80s, government officials have sought, constantly, a (i) deepen economic integration, especially in Europe, ii) maintain stability macroeconomic (iii) improving the business environment and (iv) diversify the supply of education. These policies, combined a constant investment in human capital and infrastructure since the 1960s, led to better withstand external shocks moderate, attract foreign investment, to maintain a growth of 5% and increase the well-being of the population. Access to basic social and economic services (water, electricity, sanitation, etc..) is almost universal, and the incidence of poverty is lowest in the region.
However, despite its enviable performance, Jordan is obliged to do more to reduce unemployment, especially among youth. Indeed, the results in terms of employment, especially among the young, weak and deteriorating. The average national unemployment rate was 14.1% in 2008 and peaked at 30% for individuals aged 20 to 24 years. By extrapolating past trends, planners anticipate a need for more 860.000 additional jobs over the next ten years. This implies that reducing unemployment is a priority for the
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authorities in the coming years. Reduce unemployment in the medium term requires a rise in activity has high added value and a focus on innovation. Small and medium-sized enterprises play an important role in achieving these goals.
Legal and Institutional Framework for Environmental Management (Jordan)
Jordan has invested in the establishment of a legislative and regulatory framework that protect the environment and the natural resources, with multiple enforcement actions against polluters institutions through the obligation of Environmental and Social Impact Assessments (ESIA) as a prevention tool. In addition, Jordan has established the Royal Department for the protection of the Environment to help the ministry of environment achieving its goals of environmental protection. The main legal acts governing the protection of the environment in Jordan include:
Legislative and institutional framework
The ministry of environment was established in 2003 as Jordan’s lead institution for environmental management, with one of its responsibilities to coordinate national efforts to protect the environment. Jordan has an extensive web of laws and regulations pertaining to environmental protection and management. The following regulations have been initially identified to discuss within the framework of the legal requirements for the project and accordingly the ESIA study. This list will be discussed with the Ministry of Environment and the scoping session participants for updating and modification:
Environment Protection Law for the year 2003 (Law No. 52 for the year 2006). EIA regulation No. 37 for the year 2005. Noise Level Control Regulation for the year 2003. Hazardous Waste Management and Handling Regulation for the year 2003. Regulation for the Control of the Use of Ozone Depleting Materials for the year 2003. Regulation for the Management, Transport and Handling of dangerous and Hazardous
Materials number 24 for the year 2005. Public Heath Law (No. 54, 2002). Water Authority Law (No. 18, 1988) and related standards. Regulations for protection of birds and wildlife and roles covering their hunting (No. 113,
1973). The Antiquities Law (No. 21, 1988). Civil Defense Law (No. 18, 1999). Traffic Law No. 47, 2001. Labor Law. Penalty Law (No. 16, 1960). Ministry of Agriculture Law (No. 44, 2002). Natural resources Authority Laws 2002. Jordanian Standards for Air Pollution (JS 1189/2006) European Union Directives (could be listed if necessary!!) World Bank Safeguard Policies IPPC BREFs (Best available technology reference documents) for Waste Treatment Industries
and Waste Incineration Guidelines on BAT and BEP for Medical Waste Incineration, UNEP Stockholm Convention
Environmental Law no. 52 / 2006The environmental protection law no. 52/2006 sets the definitions and outlines the main responsibilities and functions of the ministry of environment. As per the law, the ministry is responsible for setting
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Jordan’s environmental protection policy, monitoring activities, coordinating national efforts for environmental protection, and preparing environmental contingency plans.
Article 7 of the law assigns the ministry of environment with the environmental monitoring and inspection responsibilities, and grants its employees the right to enter any facility for inspection needs.
Articles 8, 9, 10 relate to marine environment. Article 13 sets the requirements for conducting environmental impact assessment for projects. An environmental protection fund was established under (articles 16 and 17); and sets fees for
violation of its provision, terms for delegation of authority, and the operation of environmental non-governmental organizations in Jordan. Finally it lists the regulations that should be issued in accordance to the law.
Of the required 12 regulations set by law; the following regulations have already been issued: marine and coastal environment; environment protection from pollution in emergency cases; air protection; nature reserves and national parks; management, transport and handling of harmful and hazardous substances; management of solid wastes; environmental impact assessment; and soil protection.
Many other agencies retain their environmental responsibilities and structures. Environmental sections and departments are present in a number of institutions such as the Ministry of Water and Irrigation, Water Authority of Jordan, and Ministry of Health, among others.
Institutions that do not have dedicated environmental departments often resort to naming environmental focal points whose responsibilities often include liaising with institutions on issues that pertain to both their respective agencies‟ mandate and the environment. In several cases, the responsibilities of environmental focal points need to be clarified and/or strengthened
Environmental Impact Assessment Review ProcessEnvironmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a key tool to ensure that decisions taken at the legislative and regulatory level are actually executed and built into the design and implementation of development projects.
The legal basis for EIA is established in the environment protection law (EPL) no. 52/2006. It is implemented through its EIA regulations no. 37/2006 and its five annexes. These require that the project proponent would hire a national consulting firm to conduct the EIA and prepare an EIA report. It also assigns full authority to the Ministry the Environment through its department of Licensing and Guidance (which included the EIA section) to arrange for screening, control and follow up on the EIA process and its implementation. The approval of an EIA is a pre-requisite for any subsequent license or permit by any or all other relevant authorities that may be required prior to construction. All development projects, regardless of EIA classification, must adhere to the air emission, water, wastewater reuse; industrial and municipal discharges‟ Jordanian standards.
Many features of the Jordanian EA system are compatible with the World Bank EA Policy (OP 4.01) and the European Commission (EC) EIA Regulations no. 97/11. These features are in (i) screening, (ii) scoping; (iii) the EIA report content, (iv) the content of the environment management plan, (v) provisions for appeal; and (vi) requirements for monitoring and follow up. The assessment also showed that the parallel EIA system established by ASEZA is very similar to OP 4.01, and includes the provisions for public consultation and disclosure of EIA reports.
As per the EIA regulation no. 37/2005, the Technical Review Committee consists of the representatives of the following agencies: ministries of environment, planning and international cooperation, municipal affairs, health, agriculture, industry and trade, energy and mineral resources, water and irrigation, tourism
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and antiquities, and public works and housing, in addition, to representatives from NGO and academia. Table (1) Summarizes the Jordanian EIA Procedures.
Table (1) Summarizes the Jordanian EIA ProceduresSummary of the Jordanian EIA Procedures
Stage ActivityInitial Filing and Screening The Project Proponent completes a Project Information
Form (PIF) of the intended project and submits it to the Ministry of Environment for screening. An Inter-ministerial Central Licensing Committee reviews the PIF, and after conducting site surveys determines if the project is classified as:
Category I projects for which an EIA report is required
Category II projects for which an initial EIA is only required
Category III for which no environment analysis is required
The decision is publicly displayed for 2 weeksScoping The Ministry issues legally binding guidance on the
Scope of the Assessment Proponent prepares a ToR, after a mandatory public consultation. An Inter-Ministerial Technical Review Committee (TRC) reviews and approves the ToR.
Air Quality Monitoring There are several types of monitoring for air quality that are performed to various degrees and in different locations by various institutions.
Stakeholder, General Public Involvement and InterestThe public in Jordan shows interest in environmental matters. According to the World Values Survey, the general public in Jordan has a positive attitude towards environmental protection. Approximately half of the respondents (51%) elected to give priority to environmental protection even if it resulted in slower economic growth, a higher proportion than in comparator countries in Jordan and the Mediterranean regions.
Right to Seek Information from Public Authorities In 2007, Jordan issued an access to information law no. 47/2007 which gives the right to every Jordanian to access information available with the public sector. The law sets a time limit of 31 days for a response following the submission of the information request, defines categories of information that may not be accessed, and calls for issuance of regulations pertaining to the different articles of this law – which are still to be issued. The institutionalization of the EIA process has provided more opportunities than previously available for public participation.
Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)Jordan has a varied environmental non-governmental sector and significant grass-root environmental activity. There are eighteen environmental NGOs in Jordan that vary in their size, capacity, membership, and environmental theme of choice. Most of these work at the national level, though a few also work with local communities. In addition, many community based organizations are involved in environmental issues as evidenced by data from the UNDP-GEF Small Grants Program
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Jordan’s non-governmental sector contributes towards the environmental agenda. NGOs in Jordan work towards raising environmental awareness, mobilizing funds and providing technical assistance to communities and industries. Some NGOs are represented on Government committees such as the EIA technical review committee.
Environmental Standards Jordan Institute for Standards and Metrology (JISM) is the main agency responsible for issuing standards in accordance to standards and metrology law no. 22/2000. Technical committees consisting of relevant agencies and experts are established by JISM to develop specific standards, and the draft standards are shared with all relevant organizations for comment before its final approval. Often affected sectors are represented in the technical committee, such as representatives from the industrial sector being part of committee for setting standards on air emission limits. The committee approach contributes towards balancing interests of different parties; however, draft standards are not published for public feedback. Several environmental standards cover issues pertaining to water and air quality in Jordan. There are four main standards pertaining to water and wastewater:
1. Jordanian Standard 286/2008. Technical Regulations on Drinking Water. 2. Jordanian Standard 893/2006. Reclaimed Domestic Wastewater. 3. Jordanian Standard 202/1991. Industrial Wastewater. The standard sets norms for the release of industrial wastewater to the environment .4. Jordanian Standard 1145/2006. Uses of Treated Sludge in Agriculture.
Air Quality, there are two sets of standards: 1. Jordanian Standard 1189/2006: maximum allowable limits of air pollutants emitted from stationary sources. These standards set emission limits for total suspended particulates by type of industry as well as gaseous substances, and define acceptable measurement methods. 2. Jordanian Standard 1140/2006: Ambient air quality standards provide limits for ambient air quality for particulates (TSP and PM10) as well as gaseous substances (SO2, CO, NO2, H2S, and Pb).
Mainstreaming Environment into Sectoral Development The Ministry of Environment is developing with assistance from the EU a Strategic Environmental Assessment Framework (SEA). This framework would enhance the environmental mainstreaming process and further strengthen the role of MoEnv as a coordinating institution for environmental protection and promoting sustainability. Applying the SEA helps to promote integrated environment and development decision-making and increases and formalizes coordination across sectors, thereby helping Jordan move away from the ad-hoc approach to environmental integration which currently characterizes much of the interaction between MoEnv and other ministries.
The Aqaba Special Economic Zone (ASEZ)The Aqaba Special Economic Zone (ASEZ), a 375Km2 area, was envisaged by His Majesty, King Abdullah II, to establish a place within the Kingdom that takes into consideration the delicate balance between economic growth and development, the conservation and protection of the environment, and the sustainability of the local community along with its unique cultural heritage. In the year 2000, constitutional measures were implemented to establish the Aqaba Special Economic Zone Authority (ASEZA) through an extensive, thorough and comprehensive master plan that outlined the institutional framework to have full regulatory authority within the zone to set the stage for future development. ASEZ is governed by six Commissioners one of them is dedicated to the Environmental management of the Zone, which illustrates the importance of the environment to Jordan. ASEZA’s Department for Environment and Health Control is responsible for environmental management and protection of the
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terrestrial and marine resources of the area. ASEZA has the authority to create and implement new legislation.
Jordan’s entire coastline is only 27 km long, and it lies within the boundaries of ASEZ. The ASEZ effectively includes Jordan’s territorial waters and its entire marine catchment area.
Since the environmental resources of Jordan are among its most important assets, the ASEZ Master Plan addressed the need for strong environmental protection. Since 2001, ASEZA has built up a strong regime of environmental protection, including a risk-based environmental clearance mechanism for new industries, as well as monitoring and enforcement of standards on the existing activities.
Legal FrameworkFor applications in the ASEZ geographical boundaries the following set of regulations prevail.
ASEZ Law No. 32 for the Year 2000The Aqaba Special Economic Zone (ASEZ) was established under Law No. 32 of the year 2000. This law sets forth the establishment and perimeters of ASEZ, the Zone’s Authority (ASEZA), as well as the administration and financial affairs of ASEZA. The ASEZ Law also establishes the legal basis for economic activities in the zone, establishment of taxes and duties, zoning of lands and buildings, administration of coastal areas, entry and residency, and the environmental protection of the Zone.According to Article 52 of the ASEZ Law, the ASEZ Board of Commissioners is responsible for protecting and maintaining the environment in the Zone and for ensuring sustainable development. For this purpose, the ASEZ Authority shall assume the powers of the national environmental regulator - now the Ministry of the Environment.
Environmental Protection Regulation No. 21 for the Year 2001The Environmental Protection Regulation No. 21 for the year 2001, issued in accordance with articles 52 and 56 of the ASEZ Law, provides the basis for ASEZ’s regulation of the environment. The general provisions of this Regulation list a number of prohibited acts regarding waste management, use of seawater, and emission of harmful substances. They also assign ASEZA the responsibility for regulation and monitoring of groundwater resources, and licensing and drilling of wells. Moreover, the Regulation grants ASEZA the right to suspend the work of any activity that poses a threat to the environment.
The Regulation also sets out the legal framework for environmental management within the ASEZ, including the permitting and post permitting management tools for environmental protection. It addresses the measures to be taken to abate and prevent pollution of air, soil, and water by substances that are liable to create hazards to human health, or harm living and non-living resources.
Aqaba Marine Park Regulation No. 22 for the Year 2001The Aqaba Marine Park Regulation No. 22 for the year 2001, sets out the perimeters of the Marine Park and its aims. It describes the formation and structure of the committee responsible for establishing the Park's policies, preparing annual administration plans, defining financial allocations necessary for the Park, issuing administrative, financial and technical instructions, and any other functions required. It also stipulates a number of prohibited actions and activities, which may result in the destruction, damage or deterioration of the natural environment of its wild life or affect the aesthetics of the area.Regulation for the Development of Wadi Rum Area No. 24 for the Year 2001The Wadi Rum Protected Area is located in the southern part of Jordan, about 290 km south of Amman and about 60 km north east of the coastal city of Aqaba. It covers an area of 72,000 ha representing the largest protected area in Jordan and the Levant region, and covers almost one percent of the total surface area of the country. Last year it was listed on the duel list of UNESCO as a Natural and Cultural heritage.
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The Protected Area lies within the wider geographical scope of the legally recognized and geographically established ASEZA region defined by its regulation which grants all legal powers of land use planning, management and monitoring to the Wadi Rum Area Management Unit in all areas surrounding the Protected Area. This regulation, along with its means of application, forms the legal and operational basis for the buffer zone around the Protected Area.
Regulation and Licensing of Enterprises in the ASEZ No 13 for the Year 2001This Regulation deals with procedures and conditions for the registration and licensing of enterprises wishing to operate in the ASEZ, as well as the obligations of the registered enterprises. In particular, it requires that the initiation of any economic activity in the Zone must have an operational permit from ASEZA relating to the requirements for public health, public safety and the environment. Articles 6 to 12 set out the requirements including environmental requirements, which are part of the permitting requirements. They also specify the documentation, which should be submitted along with the permit application and the time periods for review and/or modifications. Without satisfying ASEZA of the environmental management safeguards of the activity, no operational permit can be given.
VI. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK The Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) is an integral part of the project implementation process to be applied during project construction, and operation and maintenance phases of the project. As this part of ESMF provides an outline for managing and monitoring adverse impacts (environmental and social) from the development phases, This ESMF which has been prepared with WB guidance will be the governing document for screening of applications prior to commencing with funding of any activities. This comprehensive plan by the CBJ clearly provides objectives and targets, internal and external responsibilities, methods and tools for implementation, time budget, monitoring frequencies, and financial resources. In other words, ESMF should be SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, and Time-based. The ESMF prepared by the CBJ has been approved by the Project Owner, and governed by the relevant environmental and social laws and guidelines .
Opportunities - Positive Social and Economic ImpactsOverall, the social and environmental development impacts of this project are expected to be positive. It will contribute to the generation of direct and indirect significant positive social and environmental impacts as follows:
Potential Positive Environmental Impacts- The main objective is to minimize the project's adverse environmental impacts and to
provide full cost effective compliance with the relevant environmental laws and regulations as stipulated by the World Bank.
Potential Positive Economic Impacts- Improving access to finance for the citizens in all Governorates.- Improved access to finance for MSMEs in Jordan and ultimately expand employment
opportunities through private sector development. In doing so, the operation will ultimately create sustainable private sector jobs in remote areas, including poor and agricultural areas, support entrepreneurship, reduce poverty and contribute to economic growth
- Strengthen the link between the financing and performance in achieving sustainable entrepreneurship, and more inclusive access to finance;
- Support new approaches to extend MSME finance on a larger scale; - Enhance the banking system capacity to evaluate the effectiveness of its MSE support;
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- Improve the incentives for banks to expand into MSE lending;- Design new financial products, and Islamic products in compliance with Shari’ah; - Providing employment opportunities for citizens, women; youth, engineers, technicians,
and local contractors to work in the implementation of the project, which include both men and women.
- Increasing productivity of business, and other services. - Provision of job creation and enhanced services in governorates.
Potential Positive Social Impacts- Ensure better opportunities for the remote, rural and underprivileged areas to meet
citizens’ needs with a special focus on women and youth to establish income-generating projects with the objective of achieving sustainable and balanced development.
- Increasing public awareness of rights and responsibilities, services to be provided, fees, access and dispute resolution mechanisms through communication, outreach and citizen participation.
- Enhancing citizen satisfaction with the services provided by GOJ in the governorates and building of public trust.
Management and Monitoring RequirementsThe CBJs need to report to project owner the progress of implementing mitigation measures within timeframe and capabilities agreed upon with the project owner. The monitoring reports should contain information about: types of activities undertaken, number of site visits conducted, number and types of problems uncovered according to the agreed key performance indicators, and other good practices seen evident in the field.
As this part of ESMF provides an outline for managing and monitoring adverse impacts from the development phases.This ESMF which has been prepared in close cooperation between the WB and CBJ with stakeholder consultation will ensure that the required compliance measures are in place prior to commencing with major construction or activities with a possible negative environment or social impacts. The comprehensive framework by the CBJ clearly specifies:
Objectives and targets; Internal and external responsibilities; Methods and tools for implementation; Time budget, monitoring frequencies; Financial resources; as well as The plan's management procedures
Tables 2, 3, 4, & 5 in Annex 2 of the ESIA/ESMF provide an outline for the potential adverse environmental and social impacts, proposed mitigation measures, and monitoring program, including Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). The tables also delineate responsibilities and explain costs of implementing.
MONITORING PROTOCOL
Monitoring & Evaluation Plan
A detailed environmental monitoring plan has been developed to verify that predictions of environmental impacts are accurate and that unforeseen impacts are detected at an early stage and allow corrective measures to be implemented, if needed.
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Environmental and Social monitoring is an essential component of project implementation. It facilitates and ensures the follow-up of the implementation of the proposed mitigation measure, as they are required. It helps to anticipate possible environmental hazards and/or detect unpredicted impacts over time. Aiming at providing information about key environmental and social impacts of the project, and effectiveness of mitigation measures, the CBJ in compliance with the WB and MOE regulations has outlines a detailed monitoring plan for projects that may trigger and a detailed EA according to the Jordanian Environmental Law or during constructional phase of the proposed project, to ensure key environmental and social impacts are mitigated to the extent required. The Monitoring Plan is developed and presented as part of the ESMF.
Key objectives of the lending banks monitoring plan include: Enabling the project owner/borrower and the World Bank to evaluate the success of mitigation
as part of project supervision. Allowing corrective actions to be taken whenever needed.
The plan contains objectives of monitoring, and specific targets to achieve, as well as main elements of monitoring like parameters to be monitored, full description of methods and equipment to be used for monitoring, sampling locations, frequency of measurements, threshold limits (per national and international standards), corrective action procedures, personnel responsible for monitoring, reporting and communication procedures.
Monitoring and procedures are set out in a way that: Early detection of conditions that necessitate particular mitigation measures is ensured Information on the progress and results of mitigation is furnished Prior to applying monitoring
plan, the contractor should have his plan approved by the project owner with a clearly delineated Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) to facilitate further evaluations
Monitoring includes: Visual observations Selection of environmental and social parameters at specific locations; Sampling and regular
testing of these parameters
Formulation and implementation of monitoring plan are to be budgeted within the contractor fee and clearly stated in the Terms of Reference.The project owner is entitled of evaluating outcomes of the monitoring plan in annual basis through conducting an annual plan review.
Monitoring will be undertaken at a number of levels. It will be undertaken at work sites under the direction and guidance of the environmental unit/specialist of the lending bank who is responsible for reporting the monitoring to the implementing agency- ie the PIU at CBJ Any negative potential social and environmental impacts will be effectively mitigated through the development of an Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) /Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) by CBJ, the proposed implementing agency.
CBJ will ensure that the borrowing banks adopt and implement the ESIA and ESMF (or screening of subprojects, and that IDA funds will not be used towards the funding of any category A type sub-projects or other projects included in a negative list provided by the WB to CBJ or projects that may trigger significant negative environmental impacts .
For social safeguard implementation, the client’s capacity needs to be assessed and arrangements will be made to ensure that the CBJ will have the necessary capacity for social safeguards management and
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monitoring. The CBJ will be responsible to ensure the necessary compliance of borrowers, banks, financial intermediaries, etc. An environmental/ social safeguards consultant will be hired by the WB to assist CBJ with services in assessing the environmental and social safeguards capacity, training and monitoring of the banks ,other FI and other micro-finance institutions as part of the criteria of selection outlined in the Operations Manual.
It is worth noting here that CBJ will be required to document the monitoring results and measure the benefits as part of the M&E process. A study will be undertaken to quantify some of the above benefits. As it will not be possible to quantify all of these benefits, CBJ will try to capture some of these impacts towards the end of the project .CBJ will thus have to set aside some funds for this study, noting that there will be an implementation completion report at the end of the project and this above mentioned economic benefits of the project will an integral part of this final report.
Construction Phase Operation PhaseLand Use Socio-economy
Economic disruption Air Quality and NoiseVisual Impact (Landscape) Runoff pollution and drainage
Air Quality and Noise Habitats, FloraRunoff Pollution Fauna (wildlife and livestock)
Archaeology Waste ManagementHabitats, Flora Archaeology
Waste ManagementFauna (wildlife and livestock)
Table (3) in Annex 2 outlines the overall package of environmental monitoring measures that will be implemented in relation to the facility as outlined in detail. The table also assigns general responsibilities for implementing each group of monitoring measures. Table (4) in Annex 2 outlines an initial monitoring plan for both constructional and operational phases of a given project. Prior to applying monitoring plan, the CBJ/lending bank/borrower will have his plan approved by the project owner with a clearly delineated Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) to facilitate further evaluations as suggested in Table (5) in Annex 2. Formulation and implementation of monitoring plan will be budgeted for and clearly stated in the Terms of Reference. The project owner is entitled of evaluating outcomes of the contractor's monitoring plan in annual basis through conducting an annual plan review.
The (CBJ PIU) need to ensure that lending bank report to them on a quarterly basis the status of the compliance with the ESIA/ESMF while CBJ will review these reports and interact with the lending banks on projects funded that may trigger more monitoring by the MOE and the lending banks and FIs. CBJ will then report to project owner the progress of implementing mitigation measures within timeframe and capabilities agreed upon with the project owner. Such monitoring reports should be kept by CBJ for review by the WB upon request that contain information gathered and generated by the lending banks on : types of activities undertaken, number of site visits conducted, number and types of problems uncovered according to the agreed key performance indicators, and other good practices seen evident in the field. The CBJ will propose a reporting schedule for the lending banks or FI’s to follow during the project's life.
Implementation Arrangements and Capacity Building Needs
The proposed Project will be implemented by the existing Project Implementing Unit (PIU) at CBJ. Therefore CBJ will be responsible for implementation of contracts/works, and the PIU will report to the WB on implementation (including compliance with the ESMF). CBJ will be accountable for the monitoring and reporting and for that CBJ should ensure that it has under its jurisdiction the staff trained to
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propagate training to the lending banks and to aggregate needed reports from the respective authorities or else allocate funds for the conduction of such report generation and aggregation. Lending banks will be responsible for compliance of the borrowers to the pertinent WB and GOJ environmental law and with the ESMF/ESIA and the ultimate supervision of their borrowers applications and implementation measures and thereby ensuring that all project works are in compliance with the ESMF.
Since not all borrowers/MSMEs are familiar with implementation of the monitoring system, institutional strengthening and training is needed.. The lending banks and MFIs need to report to CBJ who will retain and aggregate the needed reporting to project owner on the progress of implementing mitigation measures within timeframe and capabilities agreed with WB. Such monitoring reports generated by the lending banks and MFIs should contain information about: types of activities undertaken by MSMEs, number of site visits conducted, number and types of problems uncovered according to the agreed key performance indicators, and other good practices seen evident in the field.
Lending banks will have the capacity to undertake supervision of works and to ensure compliance with the required environmental measures. The PIU will be responsible to aggregate information on compliance with the ESMF, and include as a section in the reporting to the World Bank. Further, capacity of CBJ’s Environment and Social Safeguards Unit will be strengthened on World Bank safeguard policies, requirements and reporting. .
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ANNEX 1: CONSULTATIONS
Consultations- A stakeholder Consultations Workshop was conducted with the banking sector stakeholders including the CBJ PIU staff assigned to the MSME programme.
A stakeholder’s consultation workshop/meeting was conducted on Wednesday October 3, 2012 at the Central Bank of Jordan to debrief the stakeholders on the project and on environmental and social safeguards required by the WB from CBJ and potential participating banks in the MSME Programme and Chambers of Industry and Trade.
Attendees were:
Name Position E-mailAlaa Aldin Al Ashi Head of SME Dept-Arab
Hani Khader Head of Marketing/Cairo Amman Bank
Ms Samar.Taha Jordan Chamber of Industry/Assistant Manager
International Relations Department
Ms Nour Jarrar Senior Vice President for Strategic Planning/Arab
Banking Corporation
Samer Kirresh Senior Economist/Jordan Chamber of Commerce
Ms Khloud Hindiyeh Sustainability Manager/Arab Bank
Ms Rania Wahbeh Group Strategy-CSR Department/Ahli Bank
Tamer Halaseh Executive Finance Manager/Ahli Micro Finance
Company
Mr Mohamad Amaireh Assistant Executive Manager for Banking Supervision
Department /PIU Director-CBJ
Mr Marwan Saad Data Analysis and Studies Division for Banking Supervision CBJ/PIU
The meeting commenced with an introduction of the programme by the Assistant Executive Manager for Banking Supervision Department Mr Mohamad Amaireh/PIU Director who welcomed the guests. He mentioned that through the WB loan a line of credit will be established for banks to access and on lend to MSMEs with the objective of reaching out to governorates, women and youth and this disadvantaged groups in the MSME sector thus creating more jobs and enhance the economical situation in Jordan. The loan (70 million dollar) will be distributed to banks and MFIs who will then on lend
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to micro, medium and small sized enterprises, while take notice in the selection criteria of projects proposed for loans to be based on neutral or +ve environmental impacts.
WB consultant then welcomed the guest, and introduced herself. WB usually sets regulations to the loan program where selection is made upon certain criteria that including other financial and technical issues would take environmental aspects and social safeguard issues into consideration. WB will give the CB a line of credit to be utilized as sources of microfinance/small and medium enterprises funding.
The representative of the Jordan Chamber of Commerce Samer Kirresh argued that MSMEs lack sufficient experience which forms an obstacle for them for obtaining loans.
CBJ-Mohammad Amaireh responded that Banks actually are trying to give out loans to MSMEs. In fact, the government of Jordan and CBJ are working on solving this obstacle. CBJ however, cannot eliminate the safeguards that should be presented for ensuring micro, small and medium projects compliance and facilitation to access to funds and ease of collaterals. What will help improve the situation is this provision of technical assistance and a line of credit offered from the WB. Moreover, and despite the obstacles currently present, the Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation and the Credit Bureau have been working on developing an MSME strategy which is now is the process of approval where the Credit Bureau will work with MSMEs and help them build their capacities and organize the MSME sector.
Arab Bank representative Mr Alaa Ashi: What about the loaning percentages and the methods of loaning?
CBJ Mohammad Amaireh: Such an issue will be later thoroughly clarified and discussed as discussions are still on going between CBJ and WB
WB consultant: The program mainly targets women and youth and those in the governorates, selection criteria which should be taken into consideration when giving out loans by the banks. The regulations of the MSME program are in line with the world-wide applied and known WB social and environmental safeguards and regulations, and as an example child labor regulations and working hour’s limitations. Whether you as Bankers should search for in an MSME applicant is your responsibility to initially screen the applicant for eligibility using the OPM flow diagram and she went on to explain the screening of applicant’s process from an environmental and social safeguards aspect.
The program mainly targets micro, small to medium enterprises all of which are eligible to apply.
Dr Amal then discussed the Negative list of projects and the OP 12 in the handouts passed on to the attendees with special emphasis on the regulations regarding and child Labor, exploitation, gambling and projects that aim on producing deemed illegal products etc according to the list.
The loan obtained by the each MSME will be relatively small. In order for MSMEs to obtain the loan they will have to apply and upon applying to the bank a screening process by the environmental and social officer at the bank will take place according to the OPM flow diagram where Category I and II projects will
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be subjected to the national licensing authorities for trade and industry where each has a steering committee with members from different sectors (M. of Environment, M. Of Health, Labor, Municipalities, university academics, Ministry of trade and industry, Chambers of Commerce and Industry) who will look into the qualifications of the MSMEs.
As Bankers, you will be working as a Safeguard initializing the screening process for selection.
“The Negative list of Industries not eligible for Financing under the project” is a simple list that is in line with every day business in Jordan and is nothing to be afraid of. It is only a list that the World Bank has devised to ensure that applicants proposed projects for financing fall outside the list to ensure eligibility of the applying MSME for the WB loan
An important note is that Projects to be financed should not cause involuntary take of a land, relocation or loss of shelter, loss of economic sources, viability or cause involuntary restriction of access to legally designated protected areas.
The representative of the Jordan Chamber of Trade Mr Kirresh commented that No MSME can take another MSME out of business, this normally occurs in large enterprises such as in the telecommunication sector, therefore this criterion would not be of any trouble to the lending banks.
WB consultant: According to the Jordanian Environmental Law, Projects are categorized into 3 categories;
1. Category 1 : Large projects that require an EIA report 2. Category II: Medium projects that require an initial EIA report 3. Category III: Small projects that require no EIA or any environmental analysis.
Most of the projects that could be financed by the program lie in category III and a few in category II but that does not mean that Category III projects are rejected.
For projects that require and EIA, an “environmental approval” from the Ministry of Environment needs to obtain through an EIA. This is normally for projects that have a potential negative impact on the environment and normally it would cost around JDs 20-30,000. So most MSMEs would normally not opt to be in that category I. If in Category II or III the approval process is easier.
The MSME is then asked to fill in the questionnaire which Dr Amal went through and the loan application in cooperation with the delegate of the social and environmental safeguards loan specialist.
An Important issue that was discussed in the session, where the banks representatives suggested providing an Arabic version of the questionnaire or a bilingual form and OPM Flow and negative list.
WB consultant informed the attendees that the process will not be overburdening them , as the pertinent national environmental and social regulations ensure compliance however bi annual audits will be conducted by the WB where they would request from CBJ to have them solicit a list of loan beneficiaries and a random selection with checkups will
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made on the implemented projects to check whether they are complying with the environmental and social safeguards and regulations and laws or not
WB consultant said that as Bankers, you are considered the Radar of the program, where you are the first to get an initial indication of MSMEs projects categories before the applicant goes ahead seeking GOJ licensing and approval.
Arab Bank Representative: asked if this process applies only for new projects, or could be implemented for ongoing ones?
WB consultant: it could be for both, so long WB/CBJ funding is used Mohammad Amaireh: assured the attendees that the number of MSMEs who may be in
the red zone (category 3 zone) is envisaged to be limited, therefore the process is neither a very lengthy nor a hard one.
WB consultant: I suggest streamlining the program where the Jordanian Chamber of Commerce and chamber of Industry could play a supporting role to stream line and categorize their members’ applications to the program before going to the Banks seeking loans. This will make it more beneficial and easier for the Banks as both chambers have specialized units and staff for technical support and environmental and CSR.
The representatives of the Jordan Chamber of Industry commented that would be a good idea. However, our main problem would be lack of awareness of the industrials in the sector. Thus she suggested that they would be implementing awareness campaigns and workshops that aim to raise awareness about the program from the one side, and would help in categorizing projects of interested MSMEs before directly heading to the Banks from another side.
WB consultant: continued going through the questionnaire and emphasized on considering the benefits that each MSME project would bring for the economy from a social and environmental perspective. For instance, a questionnaire with many ‘YES’s would give an indication that the
proposed project requires environmental analysis Depending on the category of the project, loans should not be given out before
obtaining the Ministry of Environment’s approval for categories I and II projects. The representative of the Jordan Chamber of Commerce: Do you encourage working
with MSMEs in governorates? WB consultant: Yes definitely, the program actually prioritizes MSMEs outside the
borders of Greater Amman Municipality including gender/women and youth. Mr Khader of Cairo Amman Bank: asked on how they can Categorize Projects? Dr Amal: Projects could be normally water/wastewater treatment plants, dams,
roads, Schools and buildings, power generation, and chemical production industries and oil refineries.
ABC Bank representative: But by default, these projects cannot obtain loans because such projects would require much larger financing than the one this program offers
WB consultant: No they can, the loaning percentage or the amount of loan won’t change from a micro to small to medium projects. Even if the size of these projects was medium
28
they are still eligible to apply and cannot be banned from applying to the loan program, however the approval and scrutiny process and mitigation measures required by both the WB and M of Environment in Jordan is lengthy and costly for them which may deter them from applying for financing of such projects.
WB consultant: After the MSMEs have obtained the Banks approval and loan, it is the CBJ responsibility to make a check up every 6 month and choose random samples out of the qualified and effective list of MSME projects.
WB consultant to talk about the environmental and social aspects about the program. Regarding the nature of the agreement between the WB and the CBJ and a ESIA/ESMF
will be posted on the CBJs website and WB Infoshop as soon as the agreement is finalized.
WB will directly communicate with the CBJ not with the Banks themselves. CBJ will be the communication channel between the WB and the Banks.
WB consultant: In the ESIA/ESMF, samples are provided on what to look for in terms of environmental and social scrutiny for example such as food processing regulations, social impacts and construction projects.
Special notice should be made to OP 4.01 (Environmental Assessment and Public Participation) and to OP 4.12 (involuntary …)
Dr Amal mentioned that the Aqaba Special Economic Zone (ASEZ) is has its own regulations that apply and which govern MSMEs working in its geographical area.
Finally, WB consultant passed her contact details and informed them that she would be available to answer any questions they may have and would be available to support as needed.
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ANNEX 2: ESMF TABLES
Table (2): Potential Environmental and Social Impacts and the Responsible Entity for Mitigation
Phase Activity Measures to mitigate the activity impacts Responsible Entity
Process ofImplementingthe projects
Public health
To maintain the public health and to mitigate the impacts which affect citizens lives Ministry of Health and Ministry of Labor
Excavation waste
The Contractor shall get rid of remnants of excavation in safe places that have been previously selected by the concerned municipality. However, excavated soil/dirt will be used to refill.
The contractor
Historical and cultural properties
Digging works will occur only at a depth of 1 m but if any historical assets are found (chance finds) during drilling works, the work will be stopped immediately. The contractor will inform Archeology Department and work will not be resumed except after getting the required permission or finding an alternative project route.
Contractor, Department of Antiquities and Cultural
Heritage.
Dust
The vehicles used for transporting the materials will be covered and water will be sprayed during windy or stormy weather.
Contractor
Noise
During excavation the contactor shall undertake works during the daytime so as to cause least disruption and inconvenience to the local population. In the event that there are any complaints, then measurement will be taken.
Contractor
Emission of exhausts
All vehicles in the work location shall be licensed and insured and be exposed to check regarding emission of exhausts from environment authority, and to be sure that emission rates are not over the permitted limit.
Contractor
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Disabling the infrastructure and
services due to excavations
To avoid any damages that may occur to the communication cables, water networks, waste and rainwater, the contractor shall inform and get the required permissions/licenses before starting drilling and taking the required precautions in order not to harm the infrastructure. In the event that this happens inadvertently, the contractor will repair any damage immediately.
Contractor
Traffic Jam
To avoid or minimize potential and expected traffic jam in places where digging will take place, good coordination with relevant institutions such as municipalities, police traffic will be observed. This can reduce the impact to a minimum. There will also be official declarations/announcements of road closures as a result of excavations before the start of the project.
Traffic Authority and Contractor
Public Safety
Work sites signage will be placed to illustrate clearly the areas of excavation to avoid falling and accidents. The workers will be equipped in the workplace with safety equipment such as personal protective shoes and clothing, caps, goggles; appropriate to the nature of work situation as well as warning signals of phosphorus in the project sites, in order to maintain the safety of visitors to work sites. All who enter the work site will be provided with helmet and signs. Only specialist workers will be allowed to operate any machinery and equipment in order to reduce the incidence of accidents. As much as possible, implementation of any part of the project will be avoided during the night hours.
Contractor
Trees There will be no tree cutting, taking the necessary permissions from the owners of these trees (municipalities) will be needed so as not to damage trees. The contractor
Soil erosion To prevent soil erosion during the digging process the soil will be compacted. Also work will be stopped during heavy rains to reduce soil erosion and accidents. Contractor
Restore the work site as it was Work site will be restored as it was and any damage to the surrounding land and roads will be repaired. Contractor
Loss of Housing or access to assets
All the project activities, even if there will design changes, will not be done on public land but rather on private land and will not result in: (i) involuntary taking of land; (ii) relocation or resettlement; (iii) loss of assets or
CBJ and the lending Bank
31
access to assets, and (iv) loss of income sources or means of livelihood.loss of income
sources or means of livelihood's
Public Consultation for
projects impacting
communities
The fear of citizens
Media campaign will be implemented (local radio - newspapers - CBJ's website). Explanatory brochures will be distributed with the bills. Workshops will be held to explain the benefits and to answer the citizens' questions.
CBJ and the lending BankNotice for the
Citizens
Citizens will be notified of the dates of work. Field visits will be organized
Public Safety In order to maintain the safety of workers and the customers in the work site, all those who enter the
work site will be provided the tools necessary for safety. Put back the work place as it was before and will repair any damage that may result from works.
Cost for implementing the mitigation measures as outlined above will be embedded in the works borrower’s loan responsibility. A monitoring plan will be used as the monitoring stages required ensuring conformity with the principles and procedures laid down in the national environmental legislation during the planning project design construction and operation activities
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Table (3) The overall package of environmental monitoring measures that will be implemented and general responsibilities for implementing each group of monitoring measures.
WhatParameter to be
Monitored
Whereis the parameter to
bemonitored?
Howare the parameter to be
monitored/ type ofmonitoring equipment?
Whenis the parameter to bemonitored frequencyof measurement or
continuous?
MonitoringCost
What is the cost ofequipment or
contractorcharges to perform
monitoring
Responsibility
Public and Worker safety At constructionsite
Visual: Worker wearingEquipment
Weekly random times none Construction
Contractor
Excavation Waste At constructionsite
Visual:Trucks covered or
ground watered
Weekly:Random times
WeeklyMinor Construction
Contractor
Historical ,cultural and archaeological Assets At constructionsite Visual At all times Minor Construction
Contractor
Dust levels At constructionsite Dust visible
Weekly, more frequently
during dry, windy weather
MinorConstructionContractor,
Municipality
Noise Levels At constructionsite
Observing noise level and taking
measurement only if there are complaints
from residents
At all times Minor ConstructionContractor
Machineryengine
emissions
At constructionsite
Visual:Examine engine exhaust
Certification
Equipment first comes
to project siteMinor Construction
Contractor
Disruption of local traffic patterns Roads at or near construction site
Visual:Alternate
routes clearlyindicated
During traffic jams MinorConstruction
Contractor and Traffic Police
Public Safety At constructionsite Visual At all times Minor Construction
Contractor
Trees Trimming At constructionsite Visual At all times Minor
Department of Forestry,
ConstructionContractor
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Soil Erosion At constructionsite Visual At all times Minor Construction
Contractor
Accidents At constructionsite
Safety trainingfor workers,
accidentreports,
communityconsultation
Monthly
ConstructionContractor,
Ministries of Labor and
Health
Restoration of work site At worksite Visual at the end of work
period Minor ConstructionContractor
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Table (4) Summary of the General Mitigation Measures/Guidelines for the Proposed Project during the Construction and Operation Phases
Indicator Parameters to be Mitigated
Location Mitigation measure (incl methods &Equipment)
Frequency Relevant Authority/Responsibilities (incl. Review & reporting)
Cost (incl. equipment & individuals
Summary of the General Mitigation Measures/guidelines for the Proposed Project during the Construction PhaseLand Use (population relocation, involuntary land acquisition, any negative impacts on livelihoods and construction resulting in restriction to access of legally designated parks and protected areas are prohibited)
Loss of use of farming lands* Loss of private lands* Limited to agricultural lands* Limited to privately ownedlands
* Limited to privately ownedagricultural lands
* No compensations are budgeted for , land acquisitions will not be permittedas per OP 4.12CBJ will provide capacity and monitoring so that OP 4.12 is not triggered
At all times CBJ responsible for the safeguards and social capacity implementation and to ensure that the lending banks apply ESMF* General with liaison with relevant ministries and lands Directorate
No Compensation cost authorized under this project
EconomicDisruption ((population relocation, involuntary land acquisition, any negative impacts on livelihoods and construction resulting in restriction to access of legally designated
* Disturbance ofprivatebusinesses
* Small andmediumcommercial andindustrial privateenterprises
* Evasion of g loss of income* Engaging affected people in thedevelopment process
At all times CBJ responsible for the safeguards and social capacity implementation and to ensure that the lending banks apply ESMF* Generalliaisonwith relevant entities* Chambers of Industry andCommerce
N/A
* Disturbance todemography andloss ofemploymentopportunities
* Localities inthe closeproximity to theactivity
* Giving priority in hiring to localpopulation
At all times * CBJ responsible for the safeguards and social capacity implementation and to ensure that the lending banks apply ESMF* Contractor withliaison withconstruction
Cost associated withhiring process
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parks and protected areas are prohibited)
supervisor and Ministry of labor
VisualImpact(Landscape
* Visual impactdue toconstructionmachinerymovements andpreparation sitesfor construction
*particularlyaffectedpopulationcenters
* Well fencing construction sites withbarriers that would improve the visualaspects.* Planting trees in the areas of proximityto population centers* Incorporating landscaping andstructural elements in the affected areas
At all times * CBJ responsible for the safeguards and social capacity implementation and to ensure that the lending banks apply ESMF* Contractor withliaison withconstructionsupervisor and Ministry of Environment
* Equivalent toplanting trees alongwith labor needed* Cost associatedwith incorporatingenvironmentally friendlylandscapingelements
Air Qualityand Noise
* Introductionof diseasesespeciallyrespiratorydiseases throughdust and gasemissions* Elevatedlevels of noisecausing hearingproblems to residents,workers as wellas affectedpeople* Soiling anddegradation ofvisibility* Acidificationby gasemissions,causing adverseimpacts on soil,
* affectedpopulationcenters* Constructionpreparation sites
* Performing preventative and correctivemaintenance to construction machinery* Using protective gear suitable forprotecting against dust, gas, and noiseemissions* Spraying surfaces of high soiling anddust generation rates.* Monitoring gas, dust and noiseemissions and ensuring compliance withlocal and
At all timesduringconstruction
* CBJ responsible for the safeguards and social capacity implementation and to ensure that the lending banks apply ESMF* Contractor withliaison withconstructionsupervisor and Ministry of Environment
* Costs associatedwith preventativeand correctivemaintenance ofconstructionmachinery* Costs ofperforming gas,dust, and noiseemissionsmonitoring* Cost of usingprotective gear andeducating workerson best practices andhousekeeping* Costs associatedwith communicatingwith concernedparties for majoractivities
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property,vegetation,animal, and allliving aspects
international emissionthresholds* Scheduling working hours,transportation activities, and machinerymobilizations within day hours* Educating workers on best practicesand housekeeping* Continuously liaising with concernedparties for major activities, and ensuringeffectiveness of complaints andcommunication channels for grievances
RunoffPollution
*Sedimentation,spillage, anddischarge ofpollutants* Flood risk dueto alteration offloodplains* Health risk ofusing pollutedwater reservoirs(drinking andagriculture)* Alteration toland drainageand addition towatercoursecrossings* Potentialcontaminationto shallow
Waterways along, anddownstreamagricultural lands
* Avoiding operations in wet weathers* Selecting appropriate timing of the year* Using sufficient drainage structures tominimize runoff in inside ditches* Treating erosions and mass wastingsites* Disconnecting road sediment sourcesto watercourses* Monitoring
At all timesduringconstruction
CBJ responsible for the safeguards and social capacity implementation and to ensure that the lending banks apply ESMF*Contractor withcontinuous liaisonwith:* Constructionsupervisor,* Ministries of Agriculture, M of Environment ,and Water and Irrigation
* Costs equivalent toproper drainageconstructions* Costs associatedwith preventativeworks* Costs of site andwater resourcesmonitoring
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groundwater construction sites andapplying periodic maintenance tomachinery and equipment
Habitats * Habitatdestruction anddisturbance
All along theconstructioncamping,excavation, andpreparationlocations
* Ensuring crossing structures do notpass fragile habitats to minimizedestruction, fragmentation, and pollution* Localizing quarries, cut and fill, andpreparation sites in less fragile andendangered habitats* Site monitoring by ecosystemspecialist* Educating workers on site onecosystem conservation concepts
At all times during
construction phase
CBJ responsible for the safeguards and social capacity implementation and to ensure that the lending banks apply ESMF* Contractor withliaison withconstructionsupervisor* Environmentconservation entities
* Liaison andcommunicationcosts* Costs associatedwith site monitoring* Costs associatedwith workerseducation
* HabitatFragmentation* Terrestrial andaquatic Habitatspollution
Fauna(wildlife andlivestock)
* Blockage ofanimalmovementbetween theirhabitats
In farm and pasture lands, woods and forests
* Mapping and identifying affected largemammals and their home range and fencing.Mapping their movements* Identifying appropriate site for theconstruction of wildlife passes* Site monitoring
At all times duringconstruction phase
* CBJ responsible for the safeguards and social capacity implementation and to ensure that the lending banks apply ESMF Contractor inliaison withconstructionsupervisor* Environmentalconservation entities
* Liaison andcommunicationcosts* Costs equivalent toresearches andmapping* Costs associatedwith site monitoring* Costs associatedwith workerseducation
* Entrapment ofmammalsduring floodingseasons atcertain sites dueto water patternalteration
Certain sites ofwaterways
* Animal Certain sites of
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persecution dueto increasedaccess to remoteareas
waterways by ecosystemspecialist* Allow natural water flow cycle* Educating workers on site onecosystem conservation concepts(As a minimum requirement, and basedon mapping of mammal’s home range,one crossing passage structure should belocated within each individualmammalian species. Some mammalshave small home range, other bigmammals have bigger home range due totheir dispersal nature).
Flora * Destructionandfragmentation ofvegetation coverdue to roadconstruction
At construction locations
* Mapping and identifying affectedspecies* Recultivating affected vegetations tothe extent possible
At all times during construction phase
* CBJ responsible for the safeguards and social capacity implementation and to ensure that the lending banks apply ESMF Contractor inliaison withconstructionsupervisor* Environmentalconservation entities
* Liaison andcommunicationcosts* Costs equivalent toresearches andmapping* Costs associatedwith site monitoring* Costs associatedwith workerseducation
WasteManagement
* Spills of solidand liquid waste
All along theConstruction,camping,
* Confining vehicle maintenance and
At all times duringconstruction
CBJ responsible for the safeguards and social capacity implementation and to ensure that
* Costs associatedwith periodicmachinery
39
fromconstructionmachinery andvehicles
excavation, andpreparationlocations
refueling to areas in construction campsdesigned to contain spilled lubricants andfuels* Using of special containers withcomplete labeling* Using of second containment tanks foroil collection and handling
phase the lending banks apply ESMF* Contractor withliaison withconstructionsupervisor* GeneralDirectorate ofRoads * LocalMunicipalities
maintenance andcheck up* Costs of providingappropriatecontainers/ secondcontainment andlabeling
* Improperdisposal ofcleaning upwaste afterconstructioncompletion
Constructioncamping,excavation, andpreparationlocations
* Collecting, storing and disposing toapproved disposal sites, according toMOE requirements* To the extent possible, reusing,recycling and properly disposing of allconstruction materials
At all times duringconstruction phase
* CBJ responsible for the safeguards and social capacity implementation and to ensure that the lending banks apply ESMF Contractor withliaison withconstructionsupervisor* GeneralDirectorate ofRoads * LocalMunicipalities
* Costs associatedwith periodicmachinerymaintenance andcheck up* Costs of providingappropriatecontainers/ secondcontainment andlabeling
* Improperdisposal ofdomestic waste from trade, industrial andfrom workingcamps
Constructioncamping,excavation, trade, industry andpreparationlocations
* Provision of garbage bins andsanitation facilities. All toilet facilitiesshould be located at least 300m fromwater sources or existing residences.* Educating workers on site on wastehandling and recycling
At all times duringconstruction phase
CBJ responsible for the safeguards and social capacity implementation and to ensure that the lending banks apply ESMF* Contractor withliaison withconstructionsupervisor* GeneralDirectorate ofRoads * LocalMunicipalities
* Cost associatedwith hocking upworking camps atavailable sanitationnetworks* Costs of wastebins for soliddomestic wastes* Costs of educatingworkers on site
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concepts* Constructionequipment washoff
Constructioncamping,excavation, andpreparationlocations
* Collecting and disposing contaminatedwater in an industrial network or dumpedinto a specialized landfill.
At all times duringconstruction phase
* CBJ responsible for the safeguards and social capacity implementation and to ensure that the lending banks apply ESMFContractor withliaison withconstructionsupervisor* GeneralDirectorate ofRoads * LocalMunicipalities
* Cost associatedwith hocking upworking camps atavailable industrialnetworks* Costs of potentialhauling ofwaste water to designated M. of Env. And municipality approvedindustrial landfill
Archaeology * AccidentalDiscovery
In work sites * Immediate stoppage of work should beperformed in case of accidentaldiscovery* Consult with the General Departmentof Antiquities should a potentialdiscovery occurred
At all times duringconstruction phase
CBJ responsible for the safeguards and social capacity implementation and to ensure that the lending banks apply ESMF* Contractor inliaison withconstructionsupervisor* GeneralDepartment ofAntiquities
* Costs associatedwith stoppage hoursby Contractor* Costs associatedwith manpower andtransportation byGeneral DepartmentAntiquities for newDiscoveries
* Potentialchange to thesetting andcharacter ofidentifiedarchaeologicalsites due tolandscapeimprovement
At work sites * Apply protection techniques to theexposed archaeological elements (forinstance, using cladding techniques) tohelp protect against dust, smoke, and fire
* CBJ responsible for the safeguards and social capacity implementation and to ensure that the lending banks apply ESMF Contractor inliaison withconstructionsupervisor* GeneralDepartment Antiquities
* Costs associatedwith applyingprotectiontechniques (USD persquare meter) andmanpower (hourlyrates in USD) byContractor* Costs ofcommunication andtransportation to thesite by GeneralDepartment of Antiquities* Potentialdamage to theexisting sitesdue to heavy
41
machinerymobilization,introduction ofvibrational, oratmosphericelementsallowing for abuffering zone* Keeping equipment and vehicleswithin the limits of the initially disturbedareas during all stages of the project* Fully and continuously liaising andcoordinating with the Department Antiquities in allstages of the project:* Consult with the Dept. ofAntiquities should loss ordamage to the sites detected* Contractor inliaison withconstructionsupervisorandBridges
* Potentialdamage to theexisting sitesdue to heavymachinerymobilization,introduction ofvibrational, oratmosphericelements
Across the work zone
* Keeping equipment and vehicleswithin the limits of the initially disturbedareas during all stages of the project* Fully and continuously liaising andcoordinating with the GeneralDept of Antiquities in allstages of the project:* Consult with the General Dept,of Antiquities
CBJ responsible for the safeguards and social capacity implementation and to ensure that of the lending banks apply ESMF* Contractor inliaison withconstructionsupervisor* GeneralDept. of Antiquities
* Costs associatedwith providing agathering area forconstruction vehicles byContractor* Costs of providingneeded maintenancefor constructionvehicles to reducenoise and smokeemissions byContractor* Costs of remedyactions (equipment,material andmanpower) in caseof loss or damage* General costs ofcommunication andtransportation to thedamaged or affected
42
should loss ordamage to the sites detected
site
* Alteration ofaccessibilityroads to theexisting sites
At work Zone * Provide adequate road signage alongroutes of access* Provide adequate instruction for sitevisitors on official local media* Fully and continuously coordinate withthe concerned local authorities
CBJ responsible for the safeguards and social capacity implementation and to ensure that the lending banks apply ESMF* Contractor inliaison withconstructionsupervisor* LocalMunicipalities
* Costs of procuringand installing roadsignage *Costs of periodicpublicannouncements onofficial media * Costs associatedwith surveillancevisits by localMunicipalities* General costs ofcommunication andcoordinationbetween all parties
* Risk oflooting andvandalism
At work zones * Surveillance visits to the sites shouldbe conducted by the relevant authoritiesto reduce any potential for looting andvandalism* Educate workers in the site on theconsequences of unauthorized collectionof artifacts* Conduct public awareness campaigns toincrease level of conservation responses
CBJ responsible for the safeguards and social capacity implementation and to ensure that the lending banks apply ESMF* Contractor inliaison withconstructionsupervisor* GeneralDept ofAntiquities* Ministry ofTourism and Culture* LocalMunicipalities* Local public media
* Costs associatedwith surveillancevisits (announcedand unannounced)by the GeneralDirectorate ofAntiquitiesand other authorities* Costs associatedwith publicawarenesscampaigns byMinistry of Tourismand Culture
Summary of the General Mitigation Measures/Guidelines for the Proposed Project during the Operation PhaseOperation Phase (Standard Routine Maintenance Work)
43
Indicator Parameters to be Mitigated
Location Mitigation measure (incl methods &Equipment)
Frequency Responsibilities (incl. Review & reporting)
Cost (incl. equipment & individuals
Minor construction work (population relocation, involuntary land acquisition, any negative impacts on livelihoods and construction resulting in restriction to access of legally designated parks and protected areas are prohibited)
Impeding pedestrian access without providing safe access and alternative routing
Privately owned land
AnnouncementMaintenance work done in eveningsInforming publicConstruction permits
Once per week
CBJ responsible for the safeguards and social capacity implementation and to ensure that the lending banks apply ESMFMunicipality, lending banks and ultimately CBJ
Cost associated withdesign improvement
Air Qualityand Noise
* Air acidificationleading to soil andproperty degradation* Air contaminationby heavy metals motoremissions leading topoisoning of livingaspects and healthimpacts to closepopulations
* At work Zones * Putting a national strategyfor the abatement of air qualitydeterioration associated withvarious developmentalactivities* Formulating and enforcingair quality standards* Applying onsite monitoringprocedures* Promoting environmentally -
At all times * CBJ responsible for the safeguards and social capacity implementation and to ensure that the lending banks apply ESMF Ministry of Tourismand Culture* Local Municipalities* Local public media
* Costs associatedwith strategyplanning* Costs of puttingand enforcingstandards* Costs of onsitemonitoring andpromotingalternatives
44
* Elevated noise levelsdue to motor vehiclesusing the road
friendly alternatives* Enhancement of air qualityinformation and publicawareness
Runoffpollution anddrainage
* Costs associatedwith strategyplanning* Costs of puttingand enforcingstandards* Costs of onsitemonitoring andpromotingalternatives new road construction
At work Zones * Monitoring vehicularpollutants* Promoting clean energy* Monitoring affected watercourses and bodies for quality* Enforcing pollutionprevention regulationsProviding stops and serviceareas with proper wastefacilities
At all times * CBJ responsible for the safeguards and social capacity implementation and to ensure that the lending banks apply ESMFMinistry of Tourismand Culture* Local Municipalities* Local public media
* Costs associatedwith site and watermonitoring* Costs associatedwith publicawarenesscampaigns byMinistry of Tourismand Culture
Habitats * Habitat disturbance
At work Zones * Promoting ecosystemconservation concepts throughconducting public awarenesscampaigns* Restoring/ Rehabilitating ofdamaged habitats at crossingand entrances to the crossingto the extent possible* Site monitoring byecosystem specialist andconcerned parties
At all times * CBJ responsible for the safeguards and social capacity implementation and to ensure that the lending banks apply ESMF Environmentalconservation entities* Local Municipalities* Official Local media
* Costs associatedwith site monitoringfor ensuringecosystem integrity* Costs ofconducting publicawarenesscampaigns
* Habitatfragmentation(foraging areas)* Terrestrial andaquatic Habitatspollution
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Fauna(wildlife andlivestock)
* Access prevention oflarge and medium sizemammals to ecologicalrequirements such aswater bodies andforaging areas due tofencing
At work Zones * Monitoring and maintainingpaths and underpasses toensure safety and ease ofmovement for wildlife* Providing maintenance tounderpasses
At all times/seasonal
** CBJ responsible for the safeguards and social capacity implementation and to ensure that the lending banks apply ESMF Environmentalconservation entities* Ministry ofAgriculture, localMunicipalities, andherdsmen and tribal/Bedouins societies* Local public media
* Costs of sitemonitoring* Cost associatedwith road andunderpassmaintenance* Costs ofconducting publicawarenesscampaigns* Cost associatedwith formulatingregulations andenforcement* Access
prevention ofLivestock
All along the work sites
* Monitoring and maintainingpaths and underpasses toensure safety and ease ofmovement for wildlife* Providing maintenance toUnderpasses
At all times/seasonal
* Potential entrapmentof mammals duringflooding seasons atcertain sites* Potential animal kills
through road crossing
All along the work sites
* Monitoring drainagestructures
At all times/Seasonal
* Potential animal andbird persecution and/or
hunting
All along the work sites
* Minimizing human activitiesnear crossing passes to avoiddisturbances to wildlife usingthem* Putting and
At all times/Seasonal
46
enforcingregulations on animal huntingactivities along the road* Promoting ecosystemconservation concepts throughconducting public awarenessRestoring/ Rehabilitating ofdamaged habitats at crossingand entrances to the crossingto the extent possible* Site monitoring byecosystem specialist andconcerned parties campaigns
Flora * Increased potentialof wood cutting andvegetation removal byroad users
Woods andcultivated areas inthe closedproximity
* Minimizing human activitiesin the cultivated areas aroundthe new road* Putting and enforcingregulations on wood cuttingactivities along the road* Promoting ecosystemconservation concepts throughconducting public awarenesscampaigns
At all times/seasonal
* CBJ responsible for the safeguards and social capacity implementation and to ensure that the lending banks apply ESMF Environmentalconservation entities* Ministry ofAgriculture* Local Municipalities* Local public media
Costs of site monitoring* Costs ofconducting publicawarenesscampaigns* Cost associatedwith formulatingregulations andenforcement
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WasteManagement
* Improper disposal ofdomestic wastes inparking and serviceareas* Improper dischargeof hazardous wastes(spills of vehicular oiland fuel)* Generation of byproductwastes likeshredded tires
* Parking andservice areas alongthe new highway* All along thework zone
* Providing appropriate bins inparking and service areasalong the road* Adopting a recycling systemin parking and service areasfor recyclable materials like,plastic containers, paper andcardboard, cans, and glass* Using appropriate wastecontaining and collectingsystem for hazardous wastes(used oil and fuel spills)* Promoting good practicethrough conducting publicawareness campaigns
At all times * CBJ responsible for the safeguards and social capacity implementation and to ensure that the lending banks apply ESMF Local Municipalities* Local public media
* Costs of procuringbins for domesticwaste andrecyclables* Costs associatedwith the properdesign of hazardouswaste collectionsystem* Cost of conductingawarenesscampaigns onlittering andrecycling concepts
Archaeology Alteration ofaccessibility roads tothe work sites
Archaeologicalsites lying within 5km buffering zone
* Providing adequate roadsignage along routes of accessfor visitors* Providing adequateinstruction for site visitors onofficial local media* Establishing a visitors'complaint system* Fully and
At all times * CBJ responsible for the safeguards and social capacity implementation and to ensure that the lending banks apply ESMF General Directorateof Antiquities* Ministry of Tourismand Culture* Local Municipalities* Local public media
* Costs of periodicpublicannouncements onpublic media* Costs associatedwith surveillancevisits by localMunicipalities* Costs ofimplementing avisitors' complaintsystem* Regular costs ofcommunication andcoordination
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continuouslycoordinating with theconcerned local authorities
between concernedparties
49
Table (5) Summary of the Monitoring Program for the Proposed Project during the Construction and Operation PhasesIndicator Parameters to be
Mitigated Location Measurement
(incl methods & Equipment)
Frequency Responsibilities (incl. Review & reporting)
Cost (incl. equipment & individuals
KeyPerformanceIndicator(KPI)
Summary of the General Mitigation Measures/guidelines for the Proposed Project during the Construction PhaseLand Use(population relocation, involuntary land acquisition, any negative impacts on livelihoods and construction resulting in restriction to access of legally designated parks and protected areas are prohibited)
* Loss of use of farming lands* Loss of private lands* Limited to agricultural lands* Limited to privately ownedlands
* Limited to privately ownedagricultural lands
* No compensations are budgeted for , land acquisitions will not be permitted* Official reportingfrom the field * Collectingfeedback/complaints fromland owners,users/farmers, andpublic by means ofcomplaints systemat Municipalities
At all times * CBJ responsible for the safeguards and social capacity implementation and to ensure that the lending banks apply ESMF* Generalwith liaisonwith relevantministries and lands Directorate(surveyors,reporters, andhighermanagement)* GeneralDirectorates ofAgriculture(surveyors,reporters, andhighermanagement)* Farmersassociations* Real estateassociations
No Compensation cost* Cost of fieldinvestigations* Cost ofcommunicationwith affectedpeople and otherstakeholders,including theestablishment of acomplaints system* Costs associatedwith furnishingfield reports andreviewing
* Increase innumber ofcommentsresponded to* Decrease innumber ofannualcomplaintsreceived* Enhancedproductivitymeasurements
EconomicDisruption (Disturbance todemography andloss ofemploymentopportunities) (population relocation,
* Disturbance ofprivatebusinesses
* Small andmediumcommercial andindustrial privateenterprises* Localities inthe closeproximity to theactivity*
* Evasion of g loss of income* Engaging affected people in thedevelopment process
Quarterly * CBJ responsible for the safeguards and social capacity implementation and to ensure that the lending banks apply ESMF Generalliaisonwith relevant entities
Cost associated withhiring process*Cost associatedwith conductingsurveillance visitsfor bothdemographicresearch and
* Increasednumber of localworkers hiredin the project* Increase innumber ofcommentsresponded to* Decrease innumber of
* Disturbance todemography andloss of
* Giving priority in hiring to localPopulation*
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involuntary land acquisition, any negative impacts on livelihoods and construction resulting in restriction to access of legally designated parks and protected areas are prohibited)
employmentopportunities
Localities inthe closeproximity to thenew highway* Workingcamps andconstructionpreparation areas
Conductingdemographicsurveys for thepopulation in theclose proximity, andfurnishing reports* Conducting siteinspections toworkers camps* Running acomplaints system
* Chambers of Industry andCommerce* Contractor withliaison withconstructionsupervisor and Ministry of labor* Representativesof Department ofStatistics* Representativesof labordepartment
labor annualcomplaintsreceived
VisualImpact(Landscape
* Visual impactdue toconstructionmachinerymovements andpreparation sitesfor construction* Efficiency ofFencing aroundconstruction sites* Quantity oftrees planted inthe areas ofproximity topopulationcenters, * Amount ofincorporatinglandscaping and structuralelements* Degree of visualchange
*particularlyaffectedpopulationcenters* Constructionsites
* Well fencing construction sites withbarriers that would improve the visualaspects.* Planting trees in the areas of proximityto population centers* Incorporating landscaping andstructural elements in the affected areas* ApplyingHousekeepingprocedures atconstruction sites* Site surveillance(furnishing reports)* Interviews withaffected people* Running acomplaints system
Quarterly * Contractor withliaison withconstructionsupervisor and Ministry of Environment
* Equivalent toplanting trees alongwith labor needed* Cost associatedwith incorporatingenvironmentally friendlylandscapingelements* Cost of applyinghousekeepingprocedures and bestpractices (includedin the contractorfee)* Costs associatedwith conductingsurveillance visitsand collectingfeedback frompublic
* Increase ofPositive publiccompliance* Increase innumber ofcommentsresponded to* Decrease innumber ofannualcomplaintsreceived
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Air Qualityand Noise
* Introductionof diseasesespeciallyrespiratorydiseases throughdust and gasemissions* Elevatedlevels of noisecausing hearingproblems to residents,workers as wellas affectedpeople* Soiling anddegradation ofvisibility* Acidificationby gasemissions,causing adverseimpacts on soil,property,vegetation,animal, and allliving aspects* Noise levels* Degree of usingprotective gear* * Obligation toapplying bestpractices andhousekeeping
* affectedpopulationcenters* Constructionpreparation sites
* Performing preventative and correctivemaintenance to construction machinery* Using protective gear suitable forprotecting against dust, gas, and noiseemissions* Spraying surfaces of high soiling anddust generation rates.* Municipal and public health agencies monitoring of ambient gas, dust and noiseemissions and ensuring compliance withlocal and international emissionthresholds* Scheduling working hours,transportation activities, and machinerymobilizations within day hours* Educating workers on best practicesand housekeeping* Continuously liaising with
Quarterly * Contractor withliaison withconstructionsupervisor and Ministry of Environment
* Costs associatedwith preventativeand correctivemaintenance ofconstructionmachinery* Cost ofmonitoring airparametersincluding noiselevels (estimated atannually 25,000USD assumingequipment areavailable, if not,cost may reach75,000 USD)* Cost associatedwith monitoringcompliance withusing protectivegear andhousekeeping inthe working site(included in thecontractor's andsupervisor's fees)* Costs associatedwith monitoringspraying events(included in thecontractor's fee)
* Keepingpollutantconcentrationswithinthreshold limits* Increase innumber ofcommentsresponded to* Decrease innumber ofannualcomplaintsreceived
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concernedparties for major activities, and ensuringeffectiveness of complaints andcommunication channels for grievances
RunoffPollution
* Alteration toland drainageand addition towatercoursecrossings* Avoidance ofworking in wetweathers* Water quality waterbodies (Chemicaland Biologicalparameters)
*Waterways along, anddownstreamagricultural lands* Constructionsites anddrainingformations* Surroundingplains* Creeks, waterbodies, andshallowgroundwater
* Site surveillance(furnishing reports)* Physicalinspection ofdrainage formationsalong theconstruction sites* Water qualityStandard OperatingProcedures (SOPs)and provision oftesting equipment
Quarterly forwater qualityand drainagemonitoring
Contractor withcontinuous liaisonwith:* Constructionsupervisor,* Ministries of Agriculture, M of Environment ,and Water and Irrigation
* Costs associatedwith preventativeworks(included in thecontractor's fee)* Costs of site andwater resourcesmonitoring* Costs associatedwith site visits
* Nosignificantchange inwatercourseobserved* Keepingpollutantconcentrationswithinthreshold limits
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Habitats * Degree andmagnitude ofhabitat pollutiondue toconstructionactivities* Degree ofworkersperceptiontowardsecosystemconservation* Site restorationafter workcompletion
All along theconstructioncamping,excavation, andpreparationlocations* *Acknowledgedfragile habitatsin a proximity ofthe constructionsite
* Surveillance visits*Furnishingfield reports & Inspection visitsto the affectedhabitat sites.* Periodicevaluation (ongoingcompetency) ofworkers onecosystemconservation
At all times duringconstruction phase* Periodic, forevaluatingworkers
* Contractor withliaison withconstructionsupervisor* Environmentconservation entities
* Liaison andcommunicationcosts* Costs associatedwith site monitoring* Cost ofconducting siteinspection andassociatedreporting andreview* Costs ofeducating workerson the ecosystemconservation* Costs of siterestoration afterwork completion
*No Habitat destruction will be allowed* Affectedhabitat restoredto its originalstate with prevailing penalties* WorkersevaluationpassedregardingecosystemconservationSite restoration after work is completed (all borne by the contractor)
Fauna(wildlife andlivestock)
* Blockage ofanimalmovementbetween theirhabitats
*In farm and pasture lands, woods and forests*Certain sites ofWaterway* Constructionsites* Endangeredsites
* Site surveillanceand incident reports* Amount ofconstructionssupporting animalmovement andprotection* Periodicevaluation (ongoingcompetency) ofworkers onecosystemconservation
*At all times duringconstruction phase* Periodic, forevaluatingworkers
* Contractor inliaison withconstructionsupervisor* Environmentalconservation entities
* Liaison andcommunicationcosts* Costs equivalent toresearches andmapping* Costs associatedwith site monitoring* Costs associatedwith workerseducation
* Decrease innumber ofincidentsreported* Increase innumber ofcommentsresponded to* Decrease innumber ofannualcomplaintsreceived
* Entrapment ofmammalsduring floodingseasons atcertain sites dueto water patternalteration* Animalpersecution dueto increasedaccess to remoteareas
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Flora * Destruction&fragmentation of vegetation cover* Tree-cutting rate* Direct signs of tree destruction* Direct signs of vegetationfragmentation and alteration
At construction locations* Vegetationsites of specialconcern
* Mapping and identifying affectedspecies* Periodicevaluation ofworkers onecosystemconservation
At all times duringconstruction phase * Periodic, forevaluatingworkers
* Contractor inliaison withconstructionsupervisor* Environmentalconservation entities
* Liaison andcommunicationcosts* Costs equivalent toresearches andmapping* Costs associatedwith site monitoring* Costs associatedwith workerseducation
* Decrease innumber ofincidentsreported* Increase innumber ofcommentsresponded to* Decrease innumber ofannualcomplaintsreceived
WasteManagement
* Spills of solidand liquid wastefromconstructionmachinery andvehicles* Degree of spill pollution due to construction and hazardous waste improper disposalin the site* Degree ofdomestic solidwaste improperdisposal* Degree ofimproperdischarge ofmachinerywashoff* Availability andsuitability ofdumpsters
All along theConstruction,camping, sitesexcavation, andpreparationlocations
* Confining vehicle maintenance andrefueling to areas in construction campsdesigned to contain spilled lubricants andfuels* Using of special containers withcomplete labeling* Using of second containment tanks foroil collection and handling* Construction siteinspection* Provision andcontinuous reviewof onsite wastemanagement system* Provision of
At all times duringconstruction phase* Continuousfor siteinspection andavailability ofdumpsters* Periodic forWastemanagementsystem review
* Contractor withliaison withconstructionsupervisor* GeneralDirectorate ofRoads * LocalMunicipalities and Ministry of Environment and M, of Health
* Costs associatedwith periodicmachinerymaintenance andcheck up* Costs of providingappropriatecontainers/ secondcontainment andlabeling* Costs ofprovidingappropriatedumpsters,hazardous wastecontainers, andrecycling bins* Costs associatedwith siteinspections* Costs associatedwith adopting asound wastemanagementsystem onsite
* Decrease innumber ofspillageincidentsreported* Increase inpreventativeactions taken* Decrease incorrectiveactionsperformed
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appropriatedumpsters,hazardous wastecontainers, andrecycling bins
including periodicreview
Archaeology * AccidentalDiscovery* Stoppage ofwork (procedures)
In work sites * Immediate stoppage of work should beperformed in case of accidentaldiscovery* Consult with the General Departmentof Antiquities should a potentialdiscovery occurred
*Weekly site visits* Periodic/annual forreviewingstoppageproceduresfor siteinspection*Weekly vibrationmeasurement
* Contractor inliaison withconstructionsupervisor* GeneralDepartment ofAntiquities
* Costs associatedwith stoppage hoursby Contractor* Costs associatedwith manpower andtransportation byGeneral DepartmentAntiquities for newdiscoveries
* Decrease innumber ofaccidentaldiscovery
* Potentialchange to thesetting andcharacter ofidentifiedarchaeologicalsites due tolandscapeimprovement
At work sites and in particular near Sites ofcultural valueand identifiedarchaeologicalsites under directeffect
* Apply protection techniques to theexposed archaeological elements (forinstance, using cladding techniques) tohelp protect against dust, smoke, and fire* Furnishinginspection reports
* Contractor inliaison withconstructionsupervisor* GeneralDepartment Antiquities
* Costs associatedwith applyingprotectiontechniques (USD persquare meter) andmanpower (hourlyrates in USD) byContractor* Costs ofcommunication andtransportation to thesite by GeneralDepartment of Antiquitiesfor siteinspection* Cost associatedwith monitoring
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bycontractor(embedded withcontract) andantiquitiesdepartment
* Potentialdamage to theexisting sitesdue to heavymachinerymobilization,introduction ofvibrational, oratmosphericelements
*Across the work zone** Sites ofcultural valueand identifiedarchaeologicalsites
* Conducting siteinspections andfurnishing reportson any noticeabledamage
* Contractor inliaison withconstructionsupervisor* GeneralDept. of Antiquities
* Cost of siteinspection bycontractor(included in thecontractor's fee)and antiquitiesdepartment* Cost ofmonitoringvibration levels(included in thecontractor's fee)
* Decrease innumber ofdamagesreported
* Alteration ofaccessibilityroads to theexisting sites
At work Zone* Access routesto existingarchaeologicalsites and placesof cultural value
* Measuringfeedback from sitevisitors throughrunning complaintssystem* Conducting siteinspections andfurnishing reportson any accessibilityissues
* Contractor inliaison withconstructionsupervisor* LocalMunicipalities
* Costs of procuringand installing roadsignage *Costs of periodicpublicannouncements onofficial media * Costs associatedwith surveillancevisits by localMunicipalities* General costs ofcommunication andcoordinationbetween all parties
* Increase innumber ofcommentsresponded to* Decrease innumber ofannualcomplaintsreceived
* Risk oflooting andvandalism
At work zones * Conducting siteinspections andfurnishing reports
* Contractor inliaison withconstruction
* Costs associatedwith surveillance
* Decrease innumber oflooting and
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on any incidents supervisor* GeneralDept ofAntiquities* Ministry ofTourism and Culture* LocalMunicipalities* Local public media
visits (announcedand unannounced)by the GeneralDirectorate ofAntiquitiesand other authorities* Costs associatedwith publicawarenesscampaigns byMinistry of Tourismand Culture
vandalismincidents
Summary of the General Mitigation Measures/guidelines for the Proposed Project during the Operation PhaseOperation Phase (Standard routine Maintenance work)Indicator Parameters to be
Mitigated Location Mitigation
measure (incl methods &Equipment)
Frequency Responsibilities (incl. Review & reporting)
Cost (incl. equipment & individuals
KeyPerformanceIndicator(KPI)
Socio economy(population relocation, involuntary land acquisition, any negative impacts on livelihoods and construction resulting in restriction to access of legally designated parks and protected areas are prohibited)
* Impeding land access Work sites Site surveillancereports* Interviews withfarmers, Bedouins, herdsmen,residents* Running acomplaints system
Monthly forsitesurveillance* Annual forinterviews* Continuousfor runningcomplaintssystem
** CBJ responsible for the safeguards and social capacity implementation and to ensure that the lending banks apply ESMFNGOs, Farmersassociations* municipalities* Statisticaldepartments
Cost associated withconductingsurveillance visits* Costs ofinterviews andanalyzing feedback* Costs associatedwith running acomplaints system
* Increase innumber ofcommentsresponded to* Decrease innumber ofannualcomplaintsreceived
Air Qualityand Noise
* Number of incidentsof connectedrespiratory diseases
* Populationcenters downwind of the
* Studying National healthrecords of
* Annualsurvey for thehealth records
* CBJ responsible for the safeguards and social capacity
* Costs ofconducting annual
* Decrease innumber ofrespiratory
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* Concentrations ofheavy metals, NOx,SOx, and VOCsmissions* Noise levels
work Zones respiratoryconnected diseases* Measuringconcentrations ofair parameters andnoise levels usingmonitoringcalibratedequipment andappropriatemonitoringmethods
* Study Monthlymonitoring reports forthe airpollutants andnoise levels
implementation and to ensure that the lending banks apply ESMF* Local Municipalities* Local public media* M. Of Health
health surveys* Cost of monitoringair parametersincluding noiselevels (estimated atannually 25,000USD assumingequipment areavailable, if not, costmay reach 75,000USD)
connecteddiseases* Keepingpollutantconcentrationswithinthreshold limits* Increase innumber ofcommentsresponded to* Decrease innumber ofannualcomplaintsreceived
Runoffpollution anddrainage
* Physical evidence offlood events* Water quality increeks and waterbodies (Chemical andBiological parameters)* Water quality ofshallow groundwater(Chemical andBiological parameters)
At work Zones Surroundingcreeks, valleys,watercourses,Dams, andshallowgroundwater
* Grab samplingtechniques* Field testingequipment* Laboratorytesting equipmentand accreditedtesting procedures
Monthly forqualitymonitoring* Seasonallyfor physicalinspection todrainage andfloods
* * CBJ responsible for the safeguards and social capacity implementation and to ensure that the lending banks apply ESMFMinistry of Tourismand Culture* Local Municipalities* Local public media
Cost of collectingand performingchemical andbiological testing*Cost of collectingand performingchemical andbiological testing
* Decrease innumber of floodoccurrences* Keepingpollutantconcentrationswithinthreshold limits
Habitats Ecosystem integrity At work Zones Endangeredthat may have habitats
Site inspection andcomparison withrecorded originalstatus, furnishingreports
Seasonal * CBJ responsible for the safeguards and social capacity implementation and to ensure that the lending banks apply ESMF* Environmentalconservation entities* Local Municipalities* Official Local media*Royal Society for the Conservation of Nature
* Costs associatedwith site monitoringfor ensuringecosystem integrity* Costs ofconducting publicawarenesscampaigns and reporting
* Affectedhabitat kept inits original state
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Fauna(wildlife andlivestock)
* Blockage/entrapmentincidents (wildlife andlivestock)* Kills and huntingincidents
At work Zones* Passage andcrossing points
* Fieldsurveillance todrainage andcrossing points andfurnishing reports* Reporting onFauna killings andhunting
* Periodic forfieldsurveillancesto drainage
* * CBJ responsible for the safeguards and social capacity implementation and to ensure that the lending banks apply ESMFEnvironmentalconservation entities* Ministry ofAgriculture, localMunicipalities, andherdsmen and tribal/Bedouins societies* Local public media
Costs of surveillancevisits
* Decrease innumber ofincidentsreported
Flora Vegetation removaland wood cutting
Sites withspecial concernand woods
Site inspection andcomparison withrecorded originalstatus, furnishingreports
seasonal ** CBJ responsible for the safeguards and social capacity implementation and to ensure that the lending banks apply ESMF* Environmentalconservation entities* Ministry ofAgriculture* Local Municipalities* Local public media
Costs associatedwith site inspectionand furnishingreports
* Affectedvegetation keptin its originalstate* Increase innumber of treesplanted
WasteManagement
* Usage of recyclingbins and dumpsters inparking and serviceareas* Public perception andacceptance to recyclingmeasures
* All along thework zone
* Site inspectionand furnishingfield reports* Interviewingroad users andservices shopsowners, and usingmedia adds(questionnairescould be used aswell
* Monthly forsiteinspections* Periodic forinterviews andusing mediaadds
* CBJ responsible for the safeguards and social capacity implementation and to ensure that the lending banks apply ESMF *Local Municipalities* Local public media
* Cost of conductingsite inspections andfurnishing reports* Costs ofinterviewing roadusers* Media cost ofconductingawarenesscampaigns onlittering and
* Increase innumber ofpositive reportsfrom the field
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recycling concepts
Archaeology * Availability of accessroads to thearchaeological sitesand associatedfacilitation* Satisfaction degreefor visitors to thearchaeological sitesand providedfacilitation
* Access roadsto thearchaeologicalsites
* Site inspectionand furnishingfield reports* Interviewing sitevisitors andcollecting feedbackthrough complaintssystem (fieldquestionnairescould be used)* Using mediacampaigns
* Monthly forsiteinspections* Periodic forinterviews andusing mediaadds
* CBJ responsible for the safeguards and social capacity implementation and to ensure that the lending banks apply ESMF*General Directorateof Antiquities* Ministry of Tourismand Culture* Local Municipalities* Local public media
* Costs associatedwith regular siteinspections* Costs of collectingfeedback from sitesvisitors and runninga complaints system* Costs of designand implementationof media adds
* Increase innumber ofcommentsresponded to* Decrease innumber ofannualcomplaintsreceived
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