ST. MARGARET’S SECONDARY SCHOOL.

Preliminary Examinations 2020

CANDIDATE NAME

CLASS REGISTER NUMBER

COMBINED HUMANITIESChoose an item.Paper 1 Social Studies

Secondary 4 Express / 5 Normal (Academic)

2272/012273/012274/01

20 August 2020

1 hour 45 minutes

Additional Materials: Score Sheet, Writing Paper

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Do not open this Booklet until you are told to do so.

Instructions to candidates:Write your index number, class and name on all the work you hand in.Write in dark blue or black pen.Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.

Section AAnswer all questions.

Section BAnswer both question.

Begin your answer to each question on a fresh sheet of paper.

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.Attach Score Sheet to Section A (SBCS).Submit Sections A (SBCS) and B (SRQ) separately.

The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

___________________________________________________________________This question paper consists of 6 printed pages.

[Turn over]

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SECTION A (Source-Based Case Study)

Questions 1 to 5 are0. compulsory for all candidates.

Living in a Diverse Society

Study the Background Information and the sources carefully, and then answer all the questions.

You may use any of the sources to help you answer the questions, in addition to those sources which you are told to use. In answering the questions, you should use your knowledge of the issue to help you interpret and evaluate the sources.

1 Study Source A.

Why was this cartoon drawn? Explain your answer. [5]

2 Study Sources B and C.

How similar are these two sources? Explain your answer. [7]

3 Study Source D.

How useful is this source as evidence about the effect of COVID-19 on social cohesion in Singapore? Explain your answer. [6]

4 Study Sources E and F.

Having read Source E, are you surprised by Source F? Explain your answer. [7]

5 “A crisis brings out the best in people.”

Using the sources in this case study, explain how far you would agree with this statement. [10]

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How has COVID-19 affected social cohesion in Singapore?

BACKGROUND INFORMATION

Read this carefully. It may help you to answer some of the questions.

In December 2019, the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), first appeared in Wuhan, China. China reported the first death on January 11. Within months, COVID-19, classified as a pandemic by the World Health Organization, has hit many parts of the world.

Timeline of the COVID-19 situation in Singapore from 23 January to 1 June 2020:

23 January: Singapore confirmed its first COVID-19 case, a 66-year old tourist from Wuhan. 4 February: Singapore saw its first local case of COVID-19 infection. The Ministry of Health

(MOH), Singapore raised the Disease Outbreak Response System Condition (Dorscon) level from yellow to orange where the public have to comply with control measures like *Home Quarantine Order (HQO) and **Leave of Absence (LOA).

23 March: By now, there was close to 100 confirmed COVID-19 cases, originating from returning Singaporeans in the community. More and stricter measures to combat the spread of COVID-19 were implemented after this huge spike. 

7 April: Circuit Breaker, a nationwide partial lockdown by the Government in response to the pandemic, starting from 7 April to 4 May was announced. Circuit Breaker was subsequently extended to 1 Jun.

As Singapore battles COVID-19, xenophobic behavior directed at Chinese in Singapore were in the news. There were waves of panic buying – toilet rolls, canned food, rice among other foodstuff and basic necessities flying off the shelves in supermarkets and grocery shops, bringing out the ‘ugly Singaporean’ that Prime Minister, Mr Lee Hsien Loong lamented about in his National Day Rally Speech in 2012. Despite so, there were Singaporeans from all walks of life who came together to help, support and cheer one another on during this challenging period.

Study the following sources to assess how COVID-19 has affected social cohesion in Singapore.

*Home Quarantine order (HQO): An individual on a HQO is isolated at home with the aim of limiting the spread of the virus in the community. A quarantine order is a directive with legal force. It has severe penalties for non-compliance.**Leave of Absence  (LOA): A LOA is a precautionary measure to prevent the possible transmission of infections. Those on LOA should stay at home, minimise contact with others and monitor their health closely.

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Source A: A cartoon drawn by a Singaporean cartoonist who posted it on his blog in mid-February 2020.

Source B: Views of Mr K Shanmugam, Minister of Law and Home Affairs to reporters during a visit to Changi Airport on 6 February 2020 where he interacted with the Immigration and Checkpoint Authority officers.

“The reaction of Singaporeans has been 'amazing'. You can see a collective coming together, a determination to deal with this, and everyone pitching in.”

He raised examples of how Singaporeans have risen to the occasion: Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) personnel packing masks for distribution to Singapore households, Home Team officers taking on extra shifts and duties, grassroots leaders putting up posters in lifts overnight to tell residents where they can collect their masks and volunteers manning the counters to give out the masks.

Source C: Extract of a Channel News Asia (CNA) report on ‘The kampung spirit is still alive: Punggol residents step up amid coronavirus outbreak’, 6 February 2020.

In several HDB blocks in Punggol West, you can almost smell the kampung spirit in the air - through the faint scent of hand sanitisers and alcohol wipes in the lifts. Handwritten notes encouraged residents to use or take the items placed by fellow residents. "It's great, everyone provides these things to bring down the fear of the virus, it's a community effort," said Lawrence, a resident. "Even if you don't need or use the items, you feel a sense of security and the kampung spirit - if you have extra, why not share it?”

"Someone is willing to give one bottle away just so that everybody can use it. It is quite nice of them," Ms Leung added. "We believe that the kampung spirit is still alive, we just need to set an example."

Never be so busy as not to think of others.

Loneliness and the feeling of being unwanted is the most terrible poverty.

Sorry! Self-quarantine for 14 days. Pls leave food at the doorstep! Thanks!!!

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Source D: From the Joint Statement by Ministry of National Development, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Manpower on “Persons Placed on Home Quarantined Orders (HQO) and Leave of Absence (LOA)” published on 3 February 2020.

The Government has received feedback of landlords evicting tenants who are placed on LOA or HQO, and based on their nationality. There is no need for landlords to evict persons who are serving their HQO or LOA.

Landlords found to have irresponsibly evicted their residents may face restrictions and even be barred from renting out their flats to foreign work pass holders in future.

Source E: Excerpt of Malaysian Prime Minister’s announcement on 16 March 2020 of a nationwide restriction of Movement Control Order (MCO) from 18 – 31 March due to COVID-19 outbreak to avoid the spreading of new infections, amidst increasing cases in Malaysia. The MCO was extended twice subsequently to end on 12 May 2020.

All business premises have to be shut down, except for outlets such as supermarkets and grocery stores selling daily essentials during the movement control order.

The movement control order also means all Malaysians will be banned from travelling abroad, and that no tourists or foreigners will be allowed to enter the country. Malaysians who have returned from abroad have to self-quarantine for 14 days. 

Don’t worry and panic. Always remain calm. We have been doing well. I urge everyone to continue following the orders.

Also, there would be enough supplies of food, daily needs and healthcare products, including face masks, and they would be available for all. Let us exercise consideration, safety and unity during this period.

Source F: A Facebook post by Mr Amrin Amin, a Member of Parliament, Singapore, 17 March 2020.

I was at Woodlands 888 Plaza NTUC at 1230am today. I saw a family buying crates of eggs and other necessities. I asked them why. One of them answered ‘none of your business.’ [She is] almost right except that it affects us all now. When we rush, we whip up a frenzy, stocks run out, more people panic. So it is our business. It affects all of us as the crazy cycle feeds itself. In any case, the flow of goods and cargo between Singapore and Malaysia, including food supplies, will continue. Don’t worry.

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SECTION B (Structured-Response Question)

Questions 6 and 7 are compulsory for all candidates.

Being Part of a Globalised World

Study the extracts carefully, and then answer the questions.

Extract 1

Starbucks, although technically an American name, is a name known and spoken by people regardless where they are from or what language they speak. Originally just a narrow storefront in Seattle, Starbucks is now one of the largest international companies in the world, with more than 15, 000 stores in 50 countries. The first Starbucks opened in December 1994 in Singapore. It has since grown progressively to have over 130 outlets across Singapore as of mid-2020.

Extract 2

Technological advancements in telecommunications have facilitated communication and exchange of information across the world. The term telecommunications is derived from "tele", meaning at a distance, and "communications", meaning exchanging of information.

Extract 3

Multinational corporations (MNCs) are businesses with economic activities in more than one country and exert immense power in the globalized world economy. Many MNCs are richer and more powerful than the countries that seek to regulate them.

6 Extract 1 is about the rapid expansion of Starbucks to different parts of the world.

In your opinion, how has the popularity of Starbucks affected Singapore? Explain your answer

with reference to two impacts. [7]

7 Extracts 2 and 3 are about the advances in technology and the growth of MNCs in driving globalisation.

Do you think advancement in technology or the growth of MNCs is more important in driving the process of globalisation? Explain your answer. [8]

---- End of paper ----

Acknowledgements:Source A https://www.boredpanda.com/pray-for-wuhan-corona-virus-comics-joseflee/?utm_source=google&utm_medium=organic&utm_campaign=organicSource B https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/singaporeans-have-been-pitching-in-to-deal-with-wuhan-12383664?

cid=h3_referral_inarticlelinks_24082018_cnaSource C https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/wuhan-coronavirus-singapore-virus-punggol-kampung-spirit-12397614?

cid=h3_referral_inarticlelinks_24082018_cnaSource D https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/coronavirus-landlords-who-evict-tenants-on-home-quarantine-leave-of-absence-or-based-onSource E https://web.archive.org/web/20200316160541/https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2020/03/16/pm-malaysia-in-lockdown-from-wed-until-march-31-all-

shops-closed-except-for/1847204Source F https://www.onlinecitizenasia.com/2020/03/20/panic-buyer-at-fairprice-tells-mp-amrin-amin-none-of-your-business-when-he-questions-the-purchase-of-crates-of-

eggs/Extract 1 https://siulaw.typepad.com/international_ip_policy/2011/09/the-globalization-of-starbucks-and-its-effect-on-the-world-to-be-presented-ryan-hart.html

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Extract 2 https://people.eecs.berkeley.edu/~messer/PAPERS/93/Japan1/Extract 3 https://www.globalpolicy.org/economic-expansion/transnational-corporations-8-23.html

ANSWER SCHEME2020 Preliminary Examination

Social Studies

1) Study Source A. Why was this cartoon drawn? Explain your answer. [5]

Level of ResponseL1/1 mark: Describes or lifts source details

Example: The cartoon shows a food deliveryman leaving a note at the door of the person who ordered the

food which he delivered.

L2/2 marks: Inference, explained

Example: The food deliveryman was kind because he left a note “Stay strong” for the man who called for

food delivery as he was under “self-quarantine for 14 days”. People placed under quarantine should not be ostracized.

L3/3 marks: Message to Audience, explained

Example: This cartoon was drawn to encourage Singaporeans [Audience] to extend kindness to fellow

Singaporeans placed under quarantine as it could make one feel detached/alone/rejected/not cared for [message]. This is evident in “loneliness and the feeling of being unwanted is the most terrible poverty” which showed the rejection and misery felt by those under quarantine are terrible feelings to experience.

L4/4 – 5 marks: Purpose with intended outcome, explained Award 4 marks for message with intended outcome from AudienceAward 5 marks for message with intended outcome from Audience, in context

Example: This cartoon was drawn to encourage Singaporeans [Audience] to extend

kindness/consideration/support to fellow Singaporeans or those who are placed under quarantine [intended outcome] because being placed under quarantine could make one feel detached/alone/rejected/not cared for [message]. This is evident in “loneliness and the feeling of being unwanted is the most terrible poverty” which showed the rejection and misery felt by those under quarantine and that we are “never so busy as not to think of others”. This cartoon was drawn in mid-Feb 2020 likely in response to the situation where in Singapore we have started to place people exposed to/ in contact with Covid-19m positive cases under Home Quarantine Order (HQO) and heard of these people being shunned by others, in fear of Covid-19. Thus cartoonist wanted to use this illustration to encourage us to be kind and supportive to those placed under SHN and HQO etc in this trying times. [explanation with context]

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2) Study Sources B and C. How similar are these two sources? Explain your answer. [7]

Level of ResponseL1/1 mark: Describes sources, no comparison

Example: Source B is about the response of a Minister and Source C is an abstract of a news article.

L2/2 marks: Similarity AND/OR Difference, provenance or matching of details

Example: Sources B and C are different because Source A is interview with Minister whereas Source B is an

abstract of a news article.

L3/3 - 4 marks: Similarity OR Difference, content explainedAward 3 marks for Difference (with difference STATED ONLY i.e. no criterion)Award 4 marks for Similarity or Difference explained

Example: Sources B and C are similar in showing the unity of Singaporeans in the fight against Covid-

19. From Source B’s “The reaction of Singaporeans has been 'amazing'. You can see a collective coming together, a determination to deal with this, and everyone pitching in.”, we can tell that Singaporeans are banding together to do the best they could to help Singapore get through the pandemic. Similarly, from Source C’s “We believe that the kampung spirit is still alive”, “It's great, everyone provides these things to bring down the fear of the virus” and “Someone is willing to give one bottle away just so that everybody can use it. It is quite nice of them”, we can infer that Singaporeans are contributing in their little ways to make everyone feel that we can survive this pandemic together.

Sources B and C are different in telling us that the actions/initiatives taken to fight Covid-19 came from different groups [criterion]. Source B talks about the unity of Singapore at the national-level/ government-initiated as evident in “Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) personnel packing masks for distribution to Singapore households, Home Team officers taking on extra shifts and duties, grassroots leaders putting up posters in lifts overnight to tell residents where they can collect their masks and volunteers manning the counters to give out the masks”. This tells us the government is coordinating the different Ministries to shore up efforts to cope with the demands of the pandemic so as to keep Singaporeans safe. [explanation] But Source C talks about the “kampong spirit” which suggests community/ground-up initiatives/community doing their bit to help. This can be seen in “In several HDB blocks in Punggol West, you can almost smell the kampung spirit in the air - through the faint scent of hand sanitisers and alcohol wipes in the lifts. Handwritten notes encouraged residents to use or take the items placed by fellow residents” and “it's a community effort," and "Even if you don't need or use the items, you feel a sense of security and the kampung spirit - if you have extra, why not share it?”. From the evidence, we can tell that the neighbors use their means and ways to look out for, share with and care for their neighbors. [explanation]

L4/5 – 6 marks: Similarity AND Difference, explained Award 5 marks for similarity and difference (with difference STATED ONLY i.e. no criterion)Award up to 6 marks for similarity and difference (with criterion and difference stated clearly)

Example: Refer to above examples.

L5/7 marks: Similarity, Purpose within context of Covid-19, explained

Example: Sources B and C are similar in wanting to encourage Singaporeans [Audience] to remain

united and help each other in this fight against Covid-19 by sharing the contributions of Singaporeans from all walks of life [message] during this time so that more Singaporeans will

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help each other/ stay united in this difficult times [intended outcome], especially when the uncertainty has led to much selfish and ugly behaviour of Singaporeans [context] thus stories like these would remind Singaporeans that it is important that we band together to ride out this crisis.

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3) Study Source D. How useful is this source as evidence about the effect of Covid-19 on social cohesion in Singapore? Explain your answer. [6]

Level of ResponseL1/ 1 mark: Lifts details from source, no response to usefulness

Example: Source D is a joint statement issued by 3 ministries.

L2/2 marks: Useful based on provenance/ typicality.

Example: Source D is useful as it is a joint statement by 3 different ministries.

L3/3 - 4 marks: Useful or Not Useful, explained Award up to 4 marks for a well-explained answer

Example: Source D is useful in telling us that Covid-19 has threatened the social cohesion in Singapore

as landlords in Singapore, in fear of being infected by Covid-19, have not allowed their tenants home as seen in “landlords evicted tenants who are placed on LOA or HQO, and based on their nationality”. As a result of the much unknown yet highly infectious Covid-19, many fearing infection became much xenophobic and discriminated those on LOA and HQO as well as those returning from China, regardless whether the Chinese were In Wuhan or other parts of China. This resulted in much tension and unhappiness in Singapore between the tenants and the landlords as well as helplessness of the tenants.

L4/5 marks: Usefulness based on reliability by cross-checking against other sources or contextual knowledge, explained

Note: Cross-reference to A, B and C => challenges D

Example: [Cross-check]

Source C’s “community effort” and “kampong spirit” of having people “willing to give one bottle [of hand sanitiser] away just so that everybody can use it” made the residents in the neighbourhood thought that the gesture “is quite nice”, saw the “kampong spirit is still alive” and “feel a sense of security” shows the care extended to fellow residents living in the same neighbourhood during the pandemic, evidently very socially cohesive. Source C challenges Source D’s take that Covid-19 was threatening Singapore’s social cohesion with the Singaporean landlords mercilessly “evicting tenants who are placed on LOA or HQO, and based on their nationality” therefore the information in Source D is unreliable and not useful in telling me that Covid-19 is threatening the social cohesion in Singapore.

L4/6 marks: Usefulness based on reliability via purpose/context, explained

[Purpose]Source C is a joint statement by three ministries because the government had to take action to stop these unreasonable/unwarranted moves of the landlords to maintain order which could otherwise create a lot of unhappiness/ social tension, in an already uncertain situation. This is to

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send a very strong message to warn landlords that evicting tenants on LOA, HQO or based on nationality would not be condoned and is punishable so that landlords would stop the uncalled-for action. I would not doubt the reliability of Source C thus Source C is useful as evidence that Covid-19 threatens the social cohesion of Singapore.

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4) Study Sources E and F. Having read Source E, are you surprised by Source F? Explain your answer. [7]

L1/1 mark: Lifts details from the sources without addressing question

Example: Sources E and F are words of the politicians from Malaysia and Singapore.

L2/2 marks: Surprise OR Not Surprise with WHAT Award 2 marks for surprise OR not surprise

Example: Having read Source E, I am not surprised by Source F. Both sources are telling people to stay

calm as seen in Source E’s “Don’t worry and panic. Always remain calm. We have been doing well.” And “there would be enough supplies of food, daily needs and healthcare products, including face masks, and they would be available for all” and Source F’s “In any case, the flow of goods and cargo between Singapore and Malaysia, including food supplies, will continue”.

Having read Source E, I am surprised by Source F. The people in both countries appear to be reacting quite differently despite the assurance and call for calm by the leaders. In Malaysia, the Malaysians have been said to be calm as evident in “Don’t worry and panic. Always remain calm. We have been doing well. I urge everyone to continue following the orders”. However in Singapore, Singaporeans are in a frenzy as seen in “I saw a family buying crates of eggs and other necessities”.

Having read Source E which tells us that “the movement control order also means all Malaysians will be banned from travelling abroad”, I am not surprised to see Singaporeans “buying crates of eggs and other necessities”, “rushing, whipping up a frenzy” in the supermarkets leading to “stocks running out” and causing “more people [to] panic”. With MCO enforced in Malaysia, I am not surprised Singaporeans are buying up all that they could in the supermarkets.

L3/3 - 4 marks: Surprise OR/AND Not Surprise with WHAT explained Award 3 marks for surprise OR not surprise, explained, Award 4 marks for surprise AND not surprise, explained

Example: Having read Source E, I am not surprised by Source F. Both sources are telling their people there

is enough food and essential items for all as seen in Source E’s “Don’t worry and panic. Always remain calm. We have been doing well.” And “there would be enough supplies of food, daily needs and healthcare products, including face masks, and they would be available for all” and Source F’s “In any case, the flow of goods and cargo between Singapore and Malaysia, including food supplies, will continue”. This is because food is a basic need and people are afraid they would not have enough food under lockdown situation therefore there is a need to tell people there is enough.

Having read Source E, I am surprised by Source F. The people in both countries appear to be reacting quite differently despite the assurance and call for calm by the leaders. In Malaysia, the Malaysians have been said to be calm as evident in “Don’t worry and panic. Always remain calm. We have been doing well. I urge everyone to continue following the orders”. However in Singapore, Singaporeans are in a frenzy as seen in “I saw a family buying crates of eggs and other necessities”. This is because Malaysians were going into lockdown and yet there seemed to be no panic whereas in Singapore, as of 17 March, there was no lockdown of any sort mentioned but yet, the panic buying is evident.

L4/ 5-7 marks: Not surprise with WHAT explained based on MOTIVE/PURPOSE OR/AND CONTEXT of (lockdown in Malaysia and fear of the economic relationship between SGP and M’sia being potentially affected)Award 5 marks for WHY based on purposeAward 6 marks for WHY based on context, up to 7 marks for a well-explained answer Award 7 marks for WHY based on purpose AND context

Example:

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PURPOSEHaving read Source E, I am not surprised by Source F. The politicians in both sources are urging their people, Malaysians and Singaporeans [Audience] to remain calm because there are enough food supply and essential items for all [message] as seen in Source E’s “Don’t worry and panic. Always remain calm. We have been doing well.” And “there would be enough supplies of food, daily needs and healthcare products, including face masks, and they would be available for all” and Source F’s “In any case, the flow of goods and cargo between Singapore and Malaysia, including food supplies, will continue”. Hopefully after hearing the messages of their leaders, the Malaysians and Singaporeans will behave more rationally and not rush to the supermarkets and hoard food and essential items. [intended outcome] This is because the politicians are afraid the panic buying could become unmanageable and dangerous resulting in havoc in the country.

PURPOSE AND CONTEXTI am not surprised by F which sees the MP Amrin Amin appealing to Singaporeans to remain calm as seen in “when we rush, we whip up a frenzy, stocks run out, more people panic”, “it affects all of us as the crazy cycle feeds itself” so that we would not escalate the panic buying to an untenable state. This is because the politician are afraid the panic buying could become unmanageable and dangerous resulting in havoc in the country.

But I am also not surprised to see Singaporeans “buying crates of eggs and other necessities”. MP Amrin’s post was on 17 March, a day after the Malaysian PM announced MCO in Malaysia where “all Malaysians will be banned from travelling abroad”. We know that much of our food items are imported and we import a lot of fresh produce from Malaysia on a daily basis thus with the announcement of the MCO, the fear of not being able to get fresh produce or a food shortage led to panic buying as many were uncertain if the MCO would affect the flow of goods between Malaysia and Singapore despite the assurance from the government.

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5) “A crisis brings out the best in people.”Using the sources in this case study, explain how far you would agree with this statement.

[10]Level of Response

L1/1 mark: Writes about statement, no valid source use

Example: I agree that a crisis brings out the best in people.

L2/ 2 – 4 marks: Agree OR Disagree, supported by valid source use and explanationAward 2m for use of 1 source Award 3m for use of 2 sources. Award 4m for use of 3 sources.

Example: See below.

L3/ 5 – 8 marks: Agree AND Disagree, supported by valid source useAward 5 marks for use of 2 sources (1+ve, 1-ve). Award 6 marks for use of 3 sources (1+ve, 2-ve / 2+ve, 1-ve)Award 7 marks for use of 4 sources (2+ve, 2-ve)Award 8 marks for use of 5-6 sources (3+ve, 2-ve or 3+ve, 3-ve or 4+ve,2-ve)

Note: Sources A could be accepted to support either agree or disagree. As for Source E, while could be accepting as supporting either agree or disagree, if not used in the response, is alright.

Example: I agree that a crisis brings out the best in people. Source A shows a food delivery man leaving a note

“Stay strong” with the food he delivered to a person who was under “self-quarantine”. This act of encouragement from a Singaporean to another which on an ordinary day is unlikely to happen occurred perhaps because of the empathy he felt for this person who self-quarantined for the good of the rest in Singapore during Covid-19. This little act of kindness has me concluding that indeed a crisis brings out the best in people. Minister Shanmugam said in Source C that “the reaction of Singaporeans has been amazing. You see a collective coming together, a determination to deal with this and everyone pitching in” like “ SAF personnel packing masks for distribution to Singapore households” and “grassroots leaders putting up posters in lifts overnight to tell residents where they can collect their masks and volunteers manning the counters to give out the masks”. From this source, we see many in Singapore from different walks of life chipping in, going beyond their call of duty to take on more or volunteer during this pandemic. Indeed, a crisis brings out the best in people. Source D’s “kampong spirit is still alive” where sanitizers and alcohol wipes supplied by residents of the estate for others to use show the “community spirit” where “everyone provides these things to bring down the fear of the virus” making all “feel a sense of security and the kampong spirit”. Source D shows that indeed during this pandemic, it is heart-warming to see people looking out for one another when during non Covid-19 times, most are likely to not care much about the goings and doings of their neighbours. In Source E, the Malaysian Prime Minister mentioned “Don’t worry and panic. Always remain calm. We have been doing well. I urge everyone to continue following the orders.” This suggests that in Malaysia which was clearly in crisis state as MCO was announced, the Malaysians were still cooperating and it seemed like there was no pandemonium. Thus I agree with this statement.

I would disagree with the statement. The cartoonist who drew Source A showing a deliveryman leaving after placing the food order at the gate but turned back to leave a note of encouragement “Stay Strong” with the food order for the person who was in self-quarantine. Quite evidently, the cartoonist wants to encourage more people to show care for the people around, especially when being in quarantine could be trying, by reminding us that “loneliness and the feeling of being unwanted is the most terrible poverty”. If indeed crisis brings out the best in people, there would not be this cartoon. In fact I think Source D shows the exact opposite of the statement. In fact Source D showed the ugliness and xenophobia of Singaporeans when the “landlords evicted

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tenants who are placed on LOA or HQO, and based on their nationality” or refused to allow their tenants entry to their rental units because of the landlords’ fear of being infecting with Covid-19. It was so bad that the government had to step in to warn landlords that they may face restrictions and even be barred from renting out their flats to foreign work pass holders in future”. To have the government step in to manage the situation quite evidently is not a sign that crisis brought out the best in people. Instead of a crisis bringing out the best in people, Source F, on the contrary, showed a very ugly side of Singaporeans as seen in “I saw a family buying crates of eggs and other necessities. I asked them why. One of them answered ‘none of your business’. She is almost right except it affects us all now.” Not only was there the rudeness but all the act of panic buying which “whips up a frenzy, stocks run out, more people panic” creating a pandemonium in the pandemic despite the assurance of ‘the flow of goods and cargo between Singapore and Malaysia, including food supplies will continue”. Thus a crisis actually brings out the ugly instead of the good.

L4/ 9 – 10 marks: L3 + one of the following 3 routes: through analysing at least one source in relation to its reliability, utility or sufficiency

Example: Source D is reliable as it was a joint statement by 3 ministries to warn the errant landlords to stop their eviction of tenants on HQO or SHN. This showed that the crisis brought out the ugly Singaporean. But the information in Source D is not sufficient for me to come to the conclusion where I disagree with the statement because Source D showed the action of one group of Singaporeans and to say the pandemic brought out the ugly Singaporeans is not a fair statement as the other sources clearly showed the different ways in which Singaporeans rallied to help one another cope and ride through Covid-19. While Source D shows the ugly Singaporeans, I would not think this source is doing justice to many Singaporeans who did good in this crisis.

by sharing example(s) from their contextual knowledgeExample:I agree that a crisis brings out the best in people as seen in the current pandemic where there are so many grounds up initiatives to help one another stay afloat in this pandemic from students initiating food drives and reaching out to the homeless, the younger and more IT-savvy hawkers helping the older hawkers to join Facebook to promote their food and using food delivery service to keep their businesses afloat, to the smaller individual acts of kindness where a person ordered food delivery to be shared amongst the delivery man and others in his trade to the SG United website where we could choose how we wish to contribute to the many initiatives to help the vulnerable tide through Covid-19 . There is so much good that was brought out in people in this crisis showing the different and many ways in which Singaporeans do good – from donating to the carious causes to volunteering our time so that the able will help the less abled and disabled to overcome this crisis.

by giving a balanced conclusion / resolutionExample:As the sources have shown, this pandemic has brought out the good and bad in people thus it can be difficult to conclude if the good brought out in people in a crisis outweighs the bad or vice versa. In a pandemic and times of uncertainty like this case of Covid-19 where much is unknown and having had relatively sheltered and peaceful times in Singapore, we cannot really blame people for the very inert and selfish human instinct of self-preservation for survival thus the ugly Singaporeans seen in Sources D and F. Fortunately, there is also a sizeable majority of Singaporeans who looked out for one another as seen in Sources A and C. Also, the importance of good governance as seen in the way the government stepped in to calm the people to allay their fears and stabilise the sentiments of fear and worry as best as they could through actions and words as seen in Sources D, E and F. In conclusion, I would tend to agree that a crisis brings out the good in people when it dawns upon people that we cannot go at it on our own.

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SECTION B (Structured-Response Question)

Being Part of a Globalized World

6 Extract 1 tells of the expansion of American coffee shop, Starbucks globally.In your opinion, how has the popularity of Starbucks affected Singapore? Explain your answer with reference to two impacts. [7]

L1: 1m

Describe about the topic i.e. Starbucks.

L2:2m-4m

Identifies/ Describes Impacts(s)- Award 2m for identifying one way and 3 marks for identifying two impacts- Award 3m for describing one way and 4 marks for describing two impacts- At least 2 details are needed for description to be accepted

Eg. The presence of over 130 Starbucks in across the island has made Starbucks the biggest coffee chain in Singapore. The other coffee chains like Coffee Bean and Tea Leaves and local chains like Toast Box, Killiney Coffee and Ya Kun are much smaller and fewer in comparison.

OR/ANDEg. The presence of 130 Starbucks across Singapore had made the coffee-drinking landscape boring with the homogeneity and predictability. With so many Starbucks on this tiny island, we are likely to see a Starbucks in a shopping mall be it in Orchard Road or neighbourhood shopping mall.

L3:5m-7m

L2 + Explains impact(s)- Award 5-6m for explaining one impact- Award 6-7m for explaining two impacts

Eg. The presence of over 130 Starbucks in across the island has made Starbucks the biggest coffee chain in Singapore, with a Starbucks in almost shopping mall in Singapore be it in Orchard Road, or the heartland. The presence of 130 Starbucks in Singapore makes it difficult for other overseas coffee brands to come to Singapore resulting in a monopoly and homogeneity in the coffee shops in Singapore, leaving local consumers wanting alternatives with not many choices.

OR/AND

Eg. The presence of 130 Starbucks across Singapore has a positive impact on Singapore SMES such as the suppliers of pastry like cakes and muffins that are sold in Starbucks to consumers to go with their coffee. With more Starbucks in Singapore, there will be more orders for pastries, and other consumables for Singapore businesses providing such supplies to Starbucks. This would mean more profit for local businesses and creation of employment opportunities for more Singaporeans.

Other possible impacts: Creation of lifestyle hangouts/common space for students to study or do their homework

instead of the library => increasing social spaces Loss of local kopi culture in favour of the “cooler” and more “branded” coffee – a status of

affluence Americanisation with view that drinking Starbucks coffee and being in a Starbucks is

fashionable, trendy Threatens the survival of local coffee shops as more and more people opt for Starbucks Healthy competition for local coffee chains like Ya Kun, Killiney Kopi and Toast Box –

forcing the local coffee chains to level up in terms of ambience, variety on the menu, pricing, quality to stay in business => local coffee chains become more attractive to consumers and for them to stay profitable.

7 Extract 2 and 3 reflect the advances in technology and the growth of MNCs in driving globalisation.

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Do you think advancement in technology or the growth of MNCs in more important in driving the process of globalization? Explain your answer. [8]

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L1:1m-2m

Writes about the topic (globalization) without addressing the question

Eg. Globalization made the world more interconnected and the interconnections made the world globalized.

L2:3m-4m

Describes advancement in technology and growth of MNCs - Award 3m for describing either advancement in technology OR growth of MNCs- Award 4m for describing advancement in technology AND growth of MNCs

Eg. I think technology in communications is important in driving globalization. From telephones that allowed voice communications initially in situ to mobile phones that allowed us to have conversations on the move to the invention of the smartphones that we know and use today which is no longer limited to voice calls. The advancement in telecommunication technology has very much changed the way we interact and live – we can not only make voice calls, but send messages, do video calls and conferencing and even use the mobile phone to do our grocery shopping and use it to go on the Internet to access all kinds of information.

I think growth of MNCs is important in driving globalization. MNCs are businesses with economic activities in more than one country is important in driving globalization. These MNCs control a lot of international trade and investment worldwide. The MNCs have business dealings and operations across the world. For example, foreign-owned pharmaceutical and biotechnology MNCs like Roche established set up business operations in Singapore, creating jobs for many Singaporeans, establishing collaborations with local institutions to conduct research and develop solutions to improve healthcare around the world.

L3: 5m-7m

Explains how the two driving forces have contributed to the process of globalization - Award 5m for explaining either advancement in technology OR growth of MNCs- Award 6-7m for explaining advancement in technology AND growth of MNCs

Eg. I think advancement in technology is important in driving the process of globalization. Technology in communications have advanced - from telephones that allowed voice communications initially in situ to mobile phones that allowed us to have conversations on the move to the invention of the smartphones we know and use today which is no longer limited to voice calls. The advancement in telecommunication technology has very much changed the way we interact – with a simple Internet link and a mobile phone, we can now be talking to different people from different parts of the world at the same time even when we are on the move, closing the distance and time between people. Importantly, it is not just two-way but the technological advancement in telecommunication has made it possible for many parties to be holding a conference via platforms like Zoom or Google Meet from different parts of the world but at the same time thus further drawing the world closer and smaller. Thus advancement in telecommunication technology that increased interconnectedness and shrunk the world, is important in driving globalization.

OR / AND

Eg.I think growth of MNCs is important in driving globalization. MNCs are businesses with economic activities in more than one country is important in driving globalization. These MNCs control a lot of international trade and investment worldwide. The MNCs have business dealings and operations across the world. For example, foreign-owned pharmaceutical and biotechnology MNCs like Roche established set up business operations in Singapore, creating jobs for many Singaporeans, establishing collaborations with local institutions to conduct research and develop solutions to improve healthcare around the world. These collaborations with local institutions and employment of Singaporeans by Roche illustrate the interdependent relationship between Roche and countries where they set up offices in and institutions they partner as they leverage on one another’s strengths and expertise in reaching their goals. As MNCs grow and cast their operations wider and further across the world in search of collaborative opportunities to grow their businesses facilitating the exchange of ideas as well as benefitting the host countries like Singapore economically, the world becomes more interdependent and interconnected.

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