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IAS Geography2013 Paper

Paper 2

1(a) Map Location

https://www.doorsteptutor.com/Exams/IAS/Mains/Optional/Geography/Questions/

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1(b) Explain the topographical and structural characteristic of the Shiwalik Range.

On South of Western Himalayas from Yamuna to Ravi River

North – Duns (filled with gravels Antagiri) – Lakes or Tal like Bhimtal and Nainital

South – Steep Scrap

Poor Scrub Forests

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v2Z-RmfKPAM

1(c) Discuss the mechanism of Indian Monsoon.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7A5flepzZYk

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1(d) Identify the main industrial clusters of India and account for their development.

• Hooghly Industrial Belt

• Mumbai-Pune Industrial Region

• Ahmedabad-Vadodara Region

• Madurai-Coimbatore-Bengaluru Region

• Chhotanagpur Plateau Region

• Agra-Mathura-Meerut-Saharanpur

• Faridabad-Gurgaon-Ambala Belts

1(e) Explain the method of delineating crop-association regions with reference to India.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vzLfysV1kJQ

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2(a) Discuss the potentiality and present status of horticulture in the Western and Central Himalaya.

Economic and Environmental Reasons

Government Subsidies

Market Demand

2(b) Delineate the coalfields of India and mention their distinctive features.

• West Bengal – Raniganj

• Jharkhand and Bihar

• Damodar – Jharia, Bokaro & Karanpura

• North Koel

• Deogarh

• Rajmahal

• Hazaribagh

• Chattisgarh and MP

• Central – Singrauli, Sohagpura, Umaria, Johilla

• Satpura – Mohpani, Pathakhera, Kanhan, Pench

• N. Chattisgarh – Tatapani, Jhilimili, Sonhat, Chirimiri, Kurasia, Bisrampur

• S. Chattisgarh – Hasdo –Rampur< Korba, Mand-Raigarh

• Maharashtra – Kamptee, Wardha, Umrer, Bokhara

• Andhra Pradesh

• Odisha

• Upper Gondwana – Gujarat (Kutch, Surendranagar and Mehsana)

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2(c) Explain the role of multinationals in globalization of industries in India.

• MNC – Production in more than one nation

• Cheap labour, close market, government policies

• World as a village

3(a) Distributional pattern of industries in India does not provide requisite basis for division of the country into distinct industrial regions. Elaborate.

Labour Intensive Industries

Footloose Industries

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3(b) Discuss the role of institutional factors in shaping the pattern of Indian agriculture.

• Abolition of intermediaries

• Tenancy reforms (i.e., providing security of tenure)

• Ceiling and redistribution

• Consolidation

• Updating of land records

What do you u dersta d y You g I dia ? How can the present state of population composition be converted into an asset for the country?

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4(a) Comment on the feasibility of interlinking of rivers of India and its possible contribution to resolution of water crisis.

4(b) Define agricultural productivity. Mention the methods of its measurement and bring out the disparities in its regional distribution.• Land, Labour & Capital

• Yield per acre of crops

• Livestock per 100 acres

• Gross production or output per 100 acres

• Proportion of arable land

• Number of persons employed

• Cost of production expressed in terms of wages and labour costs, rent or interest

• Prices relative profitability and general economic conditions.

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4(c) Discuss the problems in realization of benefits of globalization and liberalization in industrial sector of India.

• Compete or Perish Situation

• Before liberalization, license raj was against competitive forces -> Loss Making Units

• Time lag between approval and actual inflow

• Wiping off the unskilled jobs & on-job trainers

• Ca ’t afford that i dustries ca ove out fro our cou try

5(a) City-regions as territorial unit for regional planning and development

• Example NCR – Growing population and migration

• CBD

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5(b) Snags in the food Security policy of India

• Schemes - Public Distribution System , National Food Security Mission, National Scheme on the Promotion & Strengthening of Agricultural Mechanization through Training, Testing and Demonstration , Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana

• Hunger

• Malnutrition

• Poverty

• Failure of PDS – Poor quality, illegal ration cards, point incorrect mass

• Poor management of food storage

5(c) Demographic dividend and its implications on Indian socio-economic environment

• Demographic dividend: Period of 20-30 years when fertility rates fall due to significant reductions in child and infant mortality rates with increase in average life expectancy

• South and west India already undergone most of demographic dividend

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5 d Pla i g a d develop e t of Tri al ‘egio s i I dia

• Tribal Sub plan – 1974

• Central Sector Scheme of Grain Banks in tribal villages - 1996

• Integrated Tribal Development Projects (ITDP) - 1998

• Tribal Research Institutes (TRIs)

• National Scheduled Tribes Financial Development Corporation – 2001

5(e) Map Location

https://www.doorsteptutor.com/Exams/IAS/Mains/Optional/Geography/Questions/

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6(a) Write a note on geopolitics of the Indian Ocean realm.

• Strategic Importance

• Oil Line of West

6(b) Comment on the basis of creation of new States in India in 2000.

• Chhattisgarh: Caste distinctiveness led by upper peasant Brahmins and Kurmis, new state - tribal

• Uttaranchal: Cultural, social (caste), and economic distinctiveness, hills are heavily Brahmins

• Jharkhand: new state – tribal, coal and steel with 65% revenue and 35% population

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6(c) Enumerate the basic indicators of development and explain their application in identification of the spatial diversity in development in India.

EmploymentPovertyHealthEducationSocial CohesionSafety and SecurityGood Governance

HDI: Life expectancy, education and per capita income

Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI): Basic literacy rate, infant mortality, and life expectancy

7(a) Write a note on emergence of National Settlement System in colonial India & discuss factors contributing to urbanization in post-independence period.

• Absence of a single point of power

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7(b) Define slums and explain their problems.

• Compact settlement with poor tenements, mainly temporary, crowded with inadequate sanitary and drinking water facilities in unhygienic conditions.

• Indoor pollution

• Crime and Social problems

• Higher incidence of communicable diseases

• Poor air and water quality

7 Dis uss the o je tives of Visio 0 0 i creation of viable village complex in India for I lusive ‘ural Develop e t progra e.

• PURA - Provision of Urban amenities in Rural Areas

• People’s Participatio• Inclusive rural development

• Holistic village cluster development

• Converting Village Clusters into Territorial Production Complexes

• Developing forward and backward linkages

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8(a) Identify the earthquake-prone zones and suggest strategy for their management.

• 59% area under moderate to severe earthquake

• National Disaster Management

• Earthquake resistant buildings

• Early warning Systems

• Prevention, Mitigation and Preparedness

8(b) Describe the impact of linguistic diversity on the development of various regions of India.

• India – Museum of Languages

• Constitution approved 22 languages in 1950

• Belgaum – Marathi vs Kannada

• Assam – Bengali vs Assamese

• Leads to rise in regionalism, demand for separate states, formation of regional political parties, border disputes

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8(c) Describe how urbanization creates air and water pollution in India.

• Haphazard development and problems related to sprawl

• Development of slums

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OgGhJ3ulk2g


IAS Geography2013 Paper

Paper 1

Section A

1(a) Differences between Normal cycle and Arid cycle of Davis.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kloIivJ2u9c

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1(b) Differentiate Storm Surges and Seiches.

• Seiches – Standing waves in Partially bound water bodies

• Surge – Coastal flood with low pressure weather systems

1(c) Uniqueness of fauna in the Notogean realm.

Map with Location

Australian Realm

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1(d) Impact of Pleistocene Ice Age on the crust of the Earth.

1(e) Types of endemic plants and their degree of vulnerability to extinction.

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2(a) With suitable examples, bring out the impact of local winds on the climate of an area.

2(b) What are the characteristics that make CHC a serious threat to the ecosystem? Give examples.

CO2

(Carbon

Dioxide)

CH4

(Methane)

N2O

(Nitrous Oxide)

CHC-11

(Chlorofluoro-

carbon-11)

HFC-23

(Hydrofluoro

-carbon-23)

CF4

(Perfluoro-

methane)

Pre-industrial

concentration

About 280

ppm

About 700

ppb

About 270 ppb Zero Zero 40 ppt

Concentration

in 1998

365 ppm 1745 ppb 314 ppb 268 ppt 14 ppt 80 ppt

Rate of

concentration

change

1.5 ppm/yr 7.0 ppb/yr 0.8 ppb/yr -1.4 ppt/yr 0.55 ppt/yr 1 ppt/yr

Atmospheric

lifetime

5 to 200 yr 12 yr 114 yr 45 yr

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c What is Base level ? E plain the t pes of base level.

a Offshore Acoustic “tud helped the development of the concept of sea floor spreading. E plain.

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3(b) Discuss Dew point and the various forms of condensation.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q7iBhFFoHig

3(c) Bring out the relationship between climate and vegetation in the Mountain Biome.

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4(a) Compare the Subsidence and Glacial control theories on the formation of coral reefs.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tpFTk2y6uE0

4(b) Explain the levels of Noise pollution and the legislative measures to control it.

Category of Area/Zone Limits in dB(A) Leq *

Day Time NightTime

Industrial area 75 70

Commercial area 65 55

Residential area 55 45

Silence Zone 50 40

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https: //www.youtube.com/watch?v=qh4WzFBW_cM


AS Geography

2013 Paper

Paper 1

Section B

5 a Elle Chur hill “e ple is a arde t supporter of Deter i is . Explain. • American School

• Supporter of Environmental determinism

• Worked along with Huntington and Taylor

• Influenced by Darwin and Ratzel

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5(b) Role of Venezuela in the production and export of oil.

• World's largest exporters of oil & world's largest proven oil reserves at an estimated 296.5 billion barrels (20% of global reserves) as of 2012.

• In 2008, crude oil production in Venezuela was the tenth-highest in the world at 2,394,020 barrels per day (380,619 m3/d)

• 8th largest net oil exporter in the world.

• Founder member of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC).

5 Misra’s theoreti al stages of Rural – Urban Process.

Central Village at local levelService Center at micro regional levelGrowth Point at sub regional levelGrowth Center at regional levelGrowth Point at national level

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5(d) Countries most affected in case of shut-down of Nuclear power.• Of 30 countries with nuclear power plants, only France,

Hungary, Slovakia and Ukraine use them mainly for electricity

• Belarus, Iran, Jordan, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates and Vietnam are against it

• China, India and South

Korea are pursuing

ambitious expansions

of their nuclear power

capacities

5(e) Relevance of Heartland theory in Contemporary world.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yN3TXWJ1Xcw

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6(a) What is Geriatrics ? What are the problems associated with Geriatric population ?

• The word implies elderly (old age) (20 million in 1951 to 57 million in 1991 & projected at 324 million by 2050 in India)

• Health Issues

• Dependency ratio

• Population Pyramid

• Recent: National Policy on Older Persons, National Old Age Pension Program, Annapurna Program

• NGOs like Help Age India

• Cochin - Urban Community Dementia Services

6(b) Discuss the changing pattern of production and export of Coffee in the world.

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6(c) What are the basic postulates in the Central place Model of Christaller?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9tiuYHKl9L8

7 a Ur a “olid Waste Ma age e t poses the greatest challenge in Metropolita pla i g. Ela orate.• Generation, reduction, reuse, recycling, handling,

collection, transfer and transport, transformation (e.g., recovery and treatment), and disposal

• Dr. Burman Report - Prohibit street littering, organize a waste-collection system, conduct awareness programs, provide adequate community storage facilities and color-coded bins, promote segregation at the source, covered transport vehicles, process waste through appropriate technologies including the composting, recycling, and recovery of materials

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7(b) Analyse the reasons for a comparatively poorer development of fishing grounds in tropical areas.

7(c) Explain the parameters for assessment and the spatial pattern of Human Development Index in the world.

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8(a) Urban Geography is nothing but ity i area a d ity as area.

Elaborate.

• City as Area: Internal Morphology and Locational aspect – Sector Theory, Multiple Nuclei theory, role of CBD

• City in Area: Within an area why? – Growth theories, Christaller and Losch Model, Rank Size rule, Primate City, functional roles of city in a larger region (REASON with examples)

8(b) Analyse the causes for changes in the pattern of world trade.

Specialization fuelled by Globalization

Regional Blocs – EU & NAFTA (trade creation), outside blocs we can see trade diversions

Economies moving towards energy independence

Polarization and Nationalism - Make in India

Recent: Brexit, ISIS

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