washington heads the new government mr. pagliaro seymour high school
TRANSCRIPT
Washington Heads the New Government
Mr. PagliaroSeymour High School
Key objectives
1. Explain how the United States confronted the difficult task of forming a new government.
2. Show how the political ideas of Hamilton and Jefferson differed.
3. Describe how political differences evolved into a two-party system.
1788 Election
• Washington defeated 11 opponents• Swept electoral
college
Washington Shaped Executive Branch
• VP-John Adams• GW chose America’s
Best/Brightest for cabinet• Sec. of State-Thomas Jefferson• Sec. of Treasury-Alexander
Hamilton• Sec. of War-Henry Knox• Attorney General-Edmund
Randolph
What were their backgrounds?
Jefferson:Washington’s Secretary of State
Plantation owner and slaveholder fromVirginiaFavored farming and rural lifeBelieved America “lived and died” with itsfarmers (the agrarian class).
What were their backgrounds?
Hamilton:Washington’s Secretary of the Treasury
An orphan from the West IndiesSelf-made manOne of New York’s richest and most respectedcitizensBelieved businesses and strong centralgovernment would aid the new USA
The power of the federal government...
• Jefferson• Power belonged to
the states and the people
• REPUBLICANISM
• Hamilton• Power belonged with
a strong central government
• FEDERALISM
Whose interests should the federal government represent?
• Jefferson• “The Common Man”• Farmers
• Hamilton• The elite and the
educated business man
The National Debt
• Jefferson• Should only included
money owed by the Continental Congress, and not state debts
• Hamilton• Should include state
debts, and all states should pay it off equally
The U.S. economy...
• Jefferson• Based on agriculture
• Hamilton• Based on trade and
business
The U.S. Constitution...
• Jefferson• “Strict”
interpretation
• Hamilton• “Loose”
interpretation
“A national debt, if it is not excessive, will be to us a national blessing.”
Hamilton on “assuming the national debt”
“When a man assumes a public trust, he should consider himself as public property.”
“I was duped ... by the Secretary of the treasury [Alexander Hamilton], and made a fool for forwarding his schemes, not then sufficiently understood by me; and of all the errors of my political life, this has occasioned the deepest regret.”
Jefferson on “assuming the national debt”
The Bank of the United States (BUS)
• Paid for by the government and private investors.• Tax receipts• Paper $$$$$$
• Hamilton wanted to get the wealthy involved in American politics
• Split the politics of the United States
The beginning of America’s 2 party system of government:
Followers of Jefferson
Followers of Hamilton and Washington
Domestic Policy
• Judiciary Act of 1789• Attorney General• Federal court system
• District courts-general trials• Appelate court-geographically based• Supreme Court Appointments
• John Jay-Chief Justice• James Wilson• William Cushing• John Blair• John Rutledge
Domestic Policy
• Northwest Indian War (1790-1795)• Continued issues since Rev.• Ohio & Indiana areas of NW
Territory• Western Lakes Confederacy
• the Shawnee, Miami, Ottawa, Chippewa, Iroquois, Sauk, and Fox
• Little Turtle, Tecumseh, Blue Jacket
• High casualties among Americans
• Gen. “Mad Anthony” Wayne• Quick rout
• Treaty of Greenville & Jay’s Treaty
Economic Policy
• Whiskey Rebellion 1791-94• Excise tax on liquor-W. PA
farmer’s revolted• Militia Law, 1792• Aug. 7, 1794-Washington
commanded 13,000 troops to stop rebellion
• Arrested then pardoned tax offenders
• Hamilton’s Economic Program• Assume state debts,
National Bank & currency, encourage industry
Foreign Policy
• July 14, 1789-French Revolution erupted• Help French?-Francophiles• Citizen Genêt
• Proclamation of Neutrality, 1793• Neutrality Act, 1794
• Anglophiles???
• GB remained in NW Territory• Naval Act, 1794-6 warships
• Pinckney’s Treaty, 1795• Treaty of Tripoli, 1796
Washington’s Farewell Address
Farewell Address
• Dangers of Sectionalism• Dangers of Political Parties• Dangers of Entangling Alliances
Cabinet upon leaving office
• State: Timothy Pickering (3rd S. of. S.)• Treasury: Oliver Wolcott (2nd)• War: James McHenry (3rd)• Att. General: Charles Lee (3rd)
The Adams Administration
Election of 1796
• Adams def. Jefferson: 71-68 electoral votes• Jefferson=VP
• Sectionalist vote
Foreign Policy
• Issues:• British seizing American ships in Caribean• French attacking American ships headed
to England
Policy with France
• French upset over Jay’s Treaty• XYZ Affair-
”Millions for defense, not a cent for tribute”
• Quasi War-1798-99• Completed 6 frigates approved in 1794
• Treaty of Mortefontaine
Domestic Policy
• Alien & Sedition Acts-1798• Recent immigants=active Republicans
• Anti-administration???
• The Naturalization Act• The Alien Act• The Alien Enemies Act• The Sedition Act
Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions
• State opposition to Alien & Sedition Acts• Violation of 1st
Amendment• Jefferson (KY) &
Madison (VA)• Passed by state
legislatures
• Kentucky Resolution• Principle of
Nullification
Election of 1800-Mudslinging
Against Adams• Tool of the rich• Anglophile• monarchist
Against Jefferson• Atheist• Franco-phile• Revolutionary• adulterer
Election Results
Presidential Candidate
Party Home State
Popular Vote(a), (b), (c)
Electoral VoteCount Percentage
Thomas Jefferson
Democratic-Republican
Virginia 41,330 61.4% 73
Aaron Burr
Democratic-Republican
New York — — 73(d)
John Adams
Federalist
Massachusetts
25,952 38.6% 65
Charles Pinckney
Federalist
South Carolina
— — 64
John Jay Federalist
New York — — 1
Total 67,282 100.0% 276
Needed to win 70
Jefferson Burr no result
1st 35 ballots
8 6 2
36th ballot
10 4 2
Results
•Federalist HofR broke tie in 1801
•Hamilton supported Jefferson over Burr