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THE UNITED STATES & WORLD WAR II Mr. Pagliaro, Seymour High School, @PagsAPUSH

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Ideologies to understand Militarism-N-dominance of the armed forces in the administration or policy of the state Fascism-N-radical, authoritarian nationalist political ideology Communism-N-movement aiming at classless and stateless society with state ownership of production and the end of wage labor and private property Totalitarianism-N-a political system where the state, usually under the power of a single political person, faction, or class, recognizes no limits to its authority and strives to regulate every aspect of public and private life wherever feasible

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Growing Threat of War 1931- Japan conquered Manchuria 1932 Stimson Doctrine proclaimed by US No recognition of territory taken by force Corresponded to Kellogg-Briand Pact

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Hitlers Rise to Power 1933-Became Chancellor of Germany 1934-Named Fhrer und Reichskanzle Gleichschaltung ("bringing into line"): economic Depression the Versailles treaty Communism the "Judeo-Bolsheviks other "undesirable" minorities 1935-Military build up, Luftwaffe, navy

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Germany Invaded the Rhineland March 7, 1936

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Creation of Axis 1939-Pact of Steel/Rome-Berlin Axis 1940- Tripartite Pact

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Neutrality Acts Passed in 1935, 36, 37, and 39 Commitment to isolationism Support from Washingtons Farewell 1935-Arms embargo to belligerents 1936-No loans; didnt cover civil wars 1937-Arms embargo to Spain (civil war); cash & carry policy 1939-Aid to help democracy w/ cash & carry Failed attempts to pass Ludlow Amendment

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FDRs I hate war Speech (1936)

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German Aggression 1934-German-Polish Non-Aggression Pact 1936-39 Aid in Spanish Civil War 1938- March:/ Austria annexed to German Third Reich Sept.: Munich Pact signed by UK, France, Germany, Italy Gave Czech Sudetenland to Germany

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Now we have peace in our time! Herr Hitler is a man we can do business with. British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain Appeasement: The Munich Agreement, 1938

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More German Agression 1939- Aug: MolotovRibbentrop Pact-USSR/Germany-non-aggression Sept/Oct: Nazis invaded Poland

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If Hitler had to fight the British and FrenchIf Hitler had to fight the British and French Hitler and Stalin sign a non-aggression pact and divide Poland.Hitler and Stalin sign a non-aggression pact and divide Poland. If Hitler had to fight the British and FrenchIf Hitler had to fight the British and French Hitler and Stalin sign a non-aggression pact and divide Poland.Hitler and Stalin sign a non-aggression pact and divide Poland.

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Nazis Invaded France-June 1940 Blitzkrieg offensive Elimination of France opened Denmark Norway Netherlands Belgium Failed in Battle of Britain July-Oct. 1940

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BLITZKREIG Attack with the Luftwaffe (Airforce) Fighters (air superiority) Stuka (Dive bombers) Bombers Destroy Communications (radio) Destroy Transportation (bridges, RR) Destroy Military Targets (bases, supply) Step One

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BLITZKREIG PANZERSNext come the PANZERS (tanks) Hitlers military designers had developed extremely advanced tanks. Their tanks were light years ahead. Advance very quickly, and destroy any remaining targets that the Luftwaffe had left behind. (Comm, Trans, Military) Step Two

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BLITZKREIG Finally come the infantry They had been training for several years and these troops were VERY ready. Hitlers troops were already battle experienced b/c of the Spanish Civil War. Their job was to MOP UP anything left. Step Three

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BLITZKREIG The Blitzkrieg was a style of battle, that had never been seen before. It was extremely successful, it was so overwhelming that no one had a defense to it. When other nations saw this attack they were not sure if Hitler was THAT good, or was Poland THAT bad Conclusion

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Cartoonist shows how Hitler walked through Europe unopposed. blitzkriegHitlers blitzkrieg military tactics made his armies near impossible to stop.

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1940: Norway, Denmark, Holland, Belgium, Netherlands and France

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American Aid 1940- Bases for Destroyers w/ Britain Convoy system reinstated 1941- Lend-Lease Act Sale of military surplus to Allies Aid to Britain & USSR Hitler attacked USSR Atlantic Charter Signed

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December 16, 1940: Do you think it was a mistake for the U.S. to enter the first World War? Yes: 39% No 42% No opinion 19% December 16, 1940: Do you think it was a mistake for the U.S. to enter the first World War? Yes: 39% No 42% No opinion 19%

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Great Britain......................$31 billion Soviet Union......................$11 billion France...............................$ 3 billion China.................................$1.5 billion Other European.................$500 million South America...................$400 million The amount totaled: $48,601,365,000 U. S. Lend-Lease Act, 1941, US becomes the arsenal of democracy U. S. Lend-Lease Act, 1941, US becomes the arsenal of democracy

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lend lease The US offered Lend Lease as a last defense to stay out of war. It was given to Britain during the Battle of Britain in 1940, the Soviet Union after Hitlers invasion in 1941 and China. The US became the arsenal of democracy.

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Back in the states American policies, elections, and their influence at the time

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Good Neighbor Policy 1933 FDR renounced right to intervene in Latin America 1940 Havana Conference US & 20 Latin American allies upheld Monroe Doctrine Hold off German intervention in orphaned colonies See cartoon p. 836

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German-American Bund 1930s American-Nazi Association Attacked: Roosevelt administration Jewish influences Communism "Moscow-directed" trade unions

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America First Committee Charles Lindbergh

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FDR seeks 3 rd term NomineeFranklin D. Roosevelt Wendell Willkie PartyDemocraticRepublican Home stateNew YorkIndiana Running mateHenry A. WallaceCharles L. McNary Electoral vote44982 States carried3810 Popular vote27,313,94522,347,744 Percentage54.7%44.7% Promised to remain out of war

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Jan. 1941- FDR Four freedoms Speech; outlined: 1. Freedom of speech and expression 2. Freedom of worship 3. Freedom from want 4. Freedom from fear

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Pearl Harbor & Germany First American entry into World War II

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atlantic1 Nazis invaded USSR, June 1941 FDR and Winston Churchill meet on the USS Augusta in the North Atlantic to sign the Atlantic Charter, August 12, 1941. common principles The hopes for a better future for the world.

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atlantic1 FIRST, we seek not conquest of land or territory.. SECOND, no territorial changes of land between nations. THIRD, Restoration of sovereign rights and self-government FOURTH, Access to raw materials for all FIFTH, World economic cooperation SIXTH, Freedom from fear and want SEVENTH, freedom of the seas EIGHTH, Disarmament of aggressors NINTH, a United Nations for world peace.

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map/japan

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Japan & Pearl Harbor Japan imported American steel, oil, gas 1940-Japan invaded Vietnam; FDR Embargo 1941-Japanese assets frozen; no sale of gas Japan saw two options 1. Withdraw from Manchuria 2. Attack US @ Pearl Harbor

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Attempts at Resolution Japanese Plan A: partial withdrawal from China 11/6/41 Japanese Plan B: withdrawal from Vietnam IF America provided oil, stopped aid to China, and helped gain supplies from Dutch colonies 11/14/41 American Hull Note: Secretary of State Cordell Hull Immediate full withdrawal from Vietnam & China End of embargo afterwards 11/26/41 Japanese fleet set sail to attack Pearl Harbor on Nov. 25, 1941

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Pearl Harbor

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Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto

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Pearl Harbor from the Cockpit of a Japanese Plane

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Pearl Harbor, Dec. 7, 1941 Japanese Goal Immobilize Pacific Fleet 4 battleships sunk, 4 damaged, 188 U.S. aircraft were destroyed, 2,402 men were killed and 1,282 wounded United States unified for war

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Approximately 100 ships of the U.S. Navy were present that morning, consisting of battleships, destroyers, cruisers and various support ships. USS Arizona (BB39) Battleship USS West Virginia (BB48) Battleship USS California (BB44) Battleship USS Oklahoma (BB37) Battleship USS Nevada (BB36) Battleship USS Pennsylvania (BB38) Battleship USS Tennessee (BB43) Battleship USS Maryland (BB46) Battleship USS Vestal (AR4) Repair ship USS Neosho (AO23) Oiler USS Detroit (CL8) Light cruiser USS Raleigh (CL7) Light cruiser USS Utah (AG16) Target Ship USS Tangier (AV8) Seaplane Tender

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map/japan

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Infamy7

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After FDRs Day of Infamy speech asking for a declaration of war against Japan, Congress approved the declaration. FDR signed the declaration of war against Japan on Dec. 8, 1941 After FDRs Day of Infamy speech asking for a declaration of war against Japan, Congress approved the declaration. FDR signed the declaration of war against Japan on Dec. 8, 1941

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Germany First America vowed to avenge Pearl Harbor Germany First strategy: 1. Defeat Germany Dont give up Britain/USSR guarded USA If Nazis controlled Europe = unconquerable 2. Full scale assault on Japan

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Latin America, Philippines, and United States Alliances Diplomacy and the Big Three

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Latin America Based on Good Neighbor Policy Aid to protect Caribbean

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Philippines Anti-imperialist sentiments in US & islands US pledged independence movement in 1935 Gen. D. MacArthur sent to organize military Battle of the Philipines (1941-42) Battle of Bataan (1942) Bataan Death March

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U.S. Surrenders at Corregidor, the Philippines March, 1942

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76,000 prisoners [12,000 Americans] Marched 60 miles in the blazing heat to POW camps in the Philippines. Bataan Death March: April, 1942

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American Propaganda US retook Philippines in 1944

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Paying for the War

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Winston Churchill, Franklin Roosevelt, Joseph Stalin The Big Three

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Conferences Cairo 1943 China, GB, USA (no Stalin) Established Allied position on Japans Empire Tehran 1943 Agreed to Operation Overlord (D-Day) & plans for UN Yalta 1945 Established conditions of Nazi surrender Demilitarized Germany, divided it among GB, US, USSR, FRA Discussed Independent Poland; USSR entry vs. Japan Potsdam 1945 Truman (not FDR) Goals: establishment of post-war order, peace treaties issues, and countering the effects of war

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US & Russian Soldiers Meet at the Elbe River: April 25, 1945

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Horrors of the Holocaust Exposed

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Crematoria at Majdanek Entrance to Auschwitz: Work Makes You Free

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Slave Labor at Buchenwald

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American Military Spending & Price Control Wartime Mobilization

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Impact of War Military spending revived economy Unemployment plummeted Cost of war industry ended Depression War Productions Board

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Price Control OPA (Office of Price Administration) Rationed consumer goods Government price controls avoided inflation

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War Production Board

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OPA Posters/Ration Books

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Office of War Information Writers War Board Propaganda Machine

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posters

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Infamy9

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posters

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Aiding Americas War Efforts African Americans & Women

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African Americans during WWII Continued migration to North & West 1.6 Million moved from South Executive order against discrimination in defense industry Fair Employment Practices Commission Double V Campaign Victory over fascism abroad, and victory over discrimination at home We call upon the president and congress to declare war on Japan and racial prejudice in our country. Certainly we should be strong enough to whip them both. -The Pittsburgh Courier

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league cartoon1 6 million to work in industry Baceros, Mexican workers brought to work in US 1.6 million Black families leave the South Speeded up the assimilation of ethnic groups into American society.

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African Americans @ War 2.9 Million registered for draft 1 million served 50-125k in combat Segregated Units ie. Tuskegee Airmen

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Womens Role during WWII Rosie the Riveter Married women into workplace

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ROSIE R OSIE THE R IVETER W OMEN MANNED THE FACTORIES WHILE THE MEN WENT OFF TO FIGHT.W OMEN MANNED THE FACTORIES WHILE THE MEN WENT OFF TO FIGHT. T HIS HELPED LAY THE FOUNDATION FOR WOMEN S RIGHTS IN THE WORK WORLD AND HELPED US WIN THE WAR ..T HIS HELPED LAY THE FOUNDATION FOR WOMEN S RIGHTS IN THE WORK WORLD AND HELPED US WIN THE WAR ..

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Japanese Internment and Korematsu v. United States Civil Liberties and Civil Rights during World War II

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Executive 9066

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It took more than 40 years later before the U.S. admitted fault and began to make $20,000 reparations to camp survivors 1944 Supreme Court case, Korematsu vs. U.S., affirmed the constitutionality of this terrible act.

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US 442 nd Combat Regiment

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Manhattan Project and Trumans Decision The US and the Atomic Bomb

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Manhattan Project FDR authorized atomic bomb Einstein letter, 1939 Fat Man Little Boy

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Dropping the Atomic Bomb President Truman authorized bombing Hiroshima & Nagasaki 1945 3 months after V-E Day Little Boy, Hiroshima, viewed from Enola Gay Fat Man, Nagasaki

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Trumans Decision 1. Use conventional weapons extra thousands American deaths 2. Show force: Elicit Japanese surrender 3. Prevent Soviet intervention 4. Gain Soviet cooperation in postwar plans

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Victory Newsreels VE DayVJ Day Victory Parades