ancient egypt mr. pagliaro seymour high school. a view of egypt by satellite nile delta deshret:...
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Ancient Egypt
Mr. Pagliaro
Seymour High School
A View of Egypt by SatelliteA View of Egypt by Satellite
Nile Delta
Deshret:
Sahara Desert
Kehm
et: Nile R
iverNubianDesert
Red Sea
Mediterranean Sea
Lower Egypt
Upper Egypt
Fertile Nile ValleyFertile Nile Valley
Egypt: Gift of the NileEgypt: Gift of the Nile
• Annual Flooding
Irrigation: the ShadufIrrigation: the Shaduf
HieroglyphicsHieroglyphics
Hieroglyphic “Cartouche”Hieroglyphic “Cartouche”
Hieratic ScriptHieratic Script
Egyptian ScribeEgyptian Scribe
Papyrus PaperPapyrus Paper
Papyrus PlantPapyrus Plant
Hieratic Scroll PieceHieratic Scroll Piece
Champollion & the Rosetta StoneChampollion & the Rosetta Stone
24 “letters” + 700 phonetic symbols
24 “letters” + 700 phonetic symbols
Hieroglyphics “Alphabet”Hieroglyphics “Alphabet”
Egyptian Math & DraftsmanshipEgyptian Math & Draftsmanship
1 10 100 1000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000
What number is this?What number is this?
Egyptian Creation MythEgyptian Creation Myth
The Gods & Goddesses Nut (Sky), Geb (Earth), their children Osiris (The Nile, the afterlife) and Isis (magic), and the God Thoth (Knowledge) and
Goddess Maat (Truth & Justice) who aided their birth against the will of Ra.
Egyptian Gods & Goddesses:“The Sacred ‘Trinity’”
Egyptian Gods & Goddesses:“The Sacred ‘Trinity’”
Osiris Isis Horus Osiris Isis Horus
The Ankh – The “Cross” of Life
Preparations for the UnderworldPreparations for the Underworld
Priests protected your KA, or soul-spiritPriests protected your KA, or soul-spirit
ANUBIS weighs the dead person’s heart against a feather.
ANUBIS weighs the dead person’s heart against a feather.
Materials Used in Mummification
Materials Used in Mummification
1. Linen 6. Natron2. Sawdust 7. Onion3. Lichen 8. Nile Mud4. Beeswax 9. Linen Pads5. Resin 10. Frankinsense
1. Linen 6. Natron2. Sawdust 7. Onion3. Lichen 8. Nile Mud4. Beeswax 9. Linen Pads5. Resin 10. Frankinsense
Egyptian MummiesEgyptian Mummies
Seti I1291-1278 B. C.
Seti I1291-1278 B. C. Queen Tiye, wife
of Amenhotep II1210-1200 B. C.
Queen Tiye, wife of Amenhotep II
1210-1200 B. C.
Ramses II1279-1212 B. C.Ramses II
1279-1212 B. C.
Journey to the UnderworldJourney to the Underworld
A boat for the journey is
provided for a dead pharaoh in
his tomb.
A boat for the journey is
provided for a dead pharaoh in
his tomb.
The dead travel on the “Solar Bark.”
The dead travel on the “Solar Bark.”
Shabtis: The Pharaoh’s Servants in the Afterlife
Shabtis: The Pharaoh’s Servants in the Afterlife
Egyptian Priestly ClassEgyptian Priestly Class
Preparation for the Afterlife
Preparation for the Afterlife
Egyptian Egyptian Book of the DeadBook of the Dead
Anubis Horus Osiris Anubis Horus Osiris
The Final JudgmentThe Final Judgment
Ammut:
Devourer
of Souls
Periods Time FrameNile Culture Nile Culture
BeginsBegins3900 B.C.
ArchaicArchaic c.3500 – 2650 B.C.
Old KingdomOld Kingdom c. 2650 – 2134 B.C.
Middle KingdomMiddle Kingdom c. 2040 – 1640 B.C.
New KingdomNew Kingdom c.1550 – 1070 B.C.
Egyptian HistoryEgyptian History
Archaic PeriodArchaic Period
c. 3050 B. C. ?c. 3050 B. C. ?
Menes: Unified Upper/Lower EgyptMenes: Unified Upper/Lower Egypt
Narmer PaletteNarmer Palette
MastabasMastabas
Old KingdomOld Kingdom
• Pharaoh = king & god– Complete power– Owned everything– Ruled w/ help of Viziers
• Only nobility were mummified
• Old Kingdom = Period of Pyramid Building
Egyptian Social HierarchyEgyptian Social Hierarchy
Ancient Egyptian HousingAncient Egyptian HousingMiddle Class HomesMiddle Class Homes
Peasant Homes
Peasant Homes
Scenes of Ancient EgyptianDaily Life
Scenes of Ancient EgyptianDaily Life
Stepped Pyramid at SaqqaraStepped Pyramid at Saqqara
Built for Pharaoh Pharaoh Djoser
Djoser (Zo-zer) by the vizier ImhotepImhotep
Stacked mastabas
“Bent” Pyramid of King Sneferu
“Bent” Pyramid of King Sneferu
Giza Pyramid ComplexGiza Pyramid ComplexNorth 6 mm. at either end
East 6 mm. at either end
South10 mm. at West end,30
mm. at East end
West30 mm. at either end
North0° 2’ 30” W of true N
East0° 1’ 57” N of true E
South 0° 5’ 30” W of true N
West 0° 2’ 28” N of true E.
Plan of the Great Pyramid of Khufu
Plan of the Great Pyramid of Khufu
480.6 feet
Nearly 6 feet
The Great Pyramid is over 81 times as tall as Mr. Pags.
New Kingdom
Removal of the Hyksos
• Ahmose
• Queen Ahotep
• Kamose-brother of Ahmose
Thutmose III1504-1450 B. C.
Thutmose III1504-1450 B. C.
Ramses II1279-1212 B. C. Ramses II
1279-1212 B. C.
Tutankhamen1336-1327 B. C.Tutankhamen
1336-1327 B. C.
Some Famous Egyptian Pharaohs
The Valley of the Kings
Temple of Queen Hatshepsut
Temple of Queen Hatshepsut
1473-1458 B. C.1473-1458 B. C.
1st Tomb
Hatshepsut
• 1st female ruler
• Temples
• Obelisks
• Trade with Nubia & Punt
Thutmose III
• “Erase” Hatshepsut
• Expand trade w/ Nubia
• Created an empire– Conquered:
• Entire Nile Valley• Palestine• Syria
1352-1336 B. C. 1352-1336 B. C.
Ankhenaten: First Monotheist?Amenhotep IV
QueenNefertiti
Archaeologist, Howard Carter (1922)
Entrance to King “Tut’s” Tomb
1336-1327 B. C.1336-1327 B. C.
King Tutankhamen’s Death Mask
King Tutankhamen
King Tutankhamen’s Tomb
Treasures From Tut’s TombTreasures From Tut’s Tomb
Ramses II: 1300s BC-1212 BC
• AKA Ozmandias
• Ruled 66 years
• Died around age 90
• 44-56 sons and 40-44 daughters
• Egypt’s largest size as empire
• Pharaoh from Bible?
Ramses II• Battle of Kadesh
Abu Simbel:Monument to Ramses II
Who Are These Strange People?
Routes of the “Sea Peoples”
Invasion c. 1100 BC
Invasion c. 1100 BC
Nubian/Kushite Kingdom
• Moved to Meroe– Modern Sudan– Traditional
Egyptian civ. moved south
What happened in Lower Egypt?
• From 1085-33 BC, invaded by-–Assyrians
–Persians
–Macedonian-Greeks
–Rome