Warm-up: Wednesday List 3 things you learned from yesterdays spice trade activity Ch. 22 Asian Transitions in an Age of Global Change Indian Ocean Trading Network 2 general characteristics of the trading system: 1.No central control 2.Military force was usually absent The broadest demand and the highest prices were for spices, which came mainly from Ceylon (Sri Lanka) and the Indonesian archipelago European Explorations For Spices, About 1500 Then Europeans get involved Portuguese Trading Empire The Portuguese concluded that only the use of military force would allow them to break into the Indian Ocean trading system They only had gold and silver to exchange How does this go against the system of mercantilism? As a result, the Portuguese seized key ports around the Indian Ocean to create a vast trading empire. Portuguese Trading Empire Aim establish monopoly over spice trade Control supply = set high prices = get rich! Portuguese trading posts were designed not to conquer territory but to control trade routes by forcing merchant vessels to stop and pay duties By the mid-16 th Century, Portuguese merchants had built more than 50 trading posts between west Africa and east Asia Dutch Trade Routes English and Dutch Trading Empire Like the Portuguese, the English and Dutch built trading posts on the Asian coasts but they did not attempt to control shipping on the high seas The English and Dutch had two main advantages over the Portuguese Faster, cheaper, and more powerful ships Joint-stock companies English and Dutch Trading Empire Joint-stock companies enabled investors to realize profits while limiting risks to their investments English East India Company Dutch United East India Company (VOC) Companies had government support to buy, sell, and build trading posts and even make war, but they were privately owned Advanced nautical technology, military power, efficient organization, and relentless pursuit of profit allowed the joint-stock companies to form a global trade network The companies had the power of a sovereign nation, and came to dominate the regions Dutch East India Company Trading company founded in 1602 to protect trade in the Indian Ocean The company prospered through most of the 17th century as the instrument of the powerful Dutch commercial empire in the East Indies (present-day Indonesia). It was dissolved in The Dutch government granted the company a trade monopoly in the waters between the Cape of Good Hope at the southern tip of Africa and the Straits of Magellan between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans with the right to conclude treaties with native princes, to build forts and maintain armed forces, and to carry on administrative functions through officials who were required to take an oath of loyalty to the Dutch government. Trading Post Empires: Philippines and Indonesia In most cases the Europeans traded peacefully with the Asians (partly because they were unable to subjugate them) The two exceptions were the Philippines and Indonesia where Europeans were able to use massive force to establish imperial regimes Indonesia In Indonesia, the Dutch focused on trade and did not try to win converts to Christianity Took from Portuguese (Today Indonesia is 88% Muslim) Indonesia The VOC established a monopoly over the spice trade, seeking less to rule than to control spice production Used a variety of techniques Formed local alliances, uprooted plants on islands they did not control, attacked people who sold their spices to others Philippines - Spanish Colony The Spanish arrived in the Philippines in 1565, controlled most of the coastal regions by 1575, and controlled most of the archipelago during the 17 th Century Spanish activities revolved around trade and Christianity (Today the Philippines are 83% Roman Catholic) Philippines - Spanish Colony The most prominent area was the port of Manila which supported the trade of silk from China with New World silver from Mexico Progress Monitoring Transparency 7 of 7 Kahoot Review! Warm-up: Thursday Ming China Expansion, Retreat, Arrival of Europeans KAHOOT! Forbidden City Japan Reunification and Isolation The Seclusion of Japan