Vocabulario del Capítulo 6-2 5/1/2015Make into flashcards, carpetas, etc. by Wednesday, May 3 rd . Study every night!

1. el desayuno - (noun) breakfast2. desayunar- (verb) to eat breakfast3. de desayuno- (prep. phrase) for breakfast4. ¿Qué hay de desayuno? – What is there for breakfast?5. el cereal - (noun) cereal6. el durazno- (noun) peach7. la naranja - (noun) orange8. la manzana- (noun) apple9. el chocolate- (noun) chocolate10. el café con leche- (noun) coffee with milk11. el pan- (noun) bread12. el pan dulce- (noun) sweet bread (donuts, pastries)13. el pan tostado - (noun) toast14. dulce/s-(adj) sweet15. tostado/a/os/as-(adj) toasted16. el huevo- (noun) egg17. el tocino- (noun) bacon18. la cena- (noun) dinner19. cenar- (verb) to eat dinner20. de cena- (prep. phrase) for dinner21. ¿Qué hay de cena? – What is there for dinner?22. el pollo- (noun) chicken23. la carne- (noun) meat24. el res - (noun) beef25. el pescado- (noun) fish26. el arroz- (noun) rice27. el maíz- (noun) corn28. la zanahoria- (noun) carrot29. el bróculi- (noun) broccoli30. las espinacas- (noun) spinach31. el pastel- (noun) cake/ pie32. ¿Qué desayunas/ almuerzas/ cenas? – What are you eating for breakfast/ lunch/

dinner?33. ¿Qué quieres hoy de desayuno/ almuerzo/ cena? – What do you want today for

breakfast/ lunch/ dinner? 34. ¿Qué tal si almorzamos ensalada de pollo? How about if we eat chicken salad for

lunch? 35. Vamos a cenar pescado, arroz, y espinacas.- We’re going to eat for dinner fish,

rice and spinach.36. el horno- (noun) oven37. el microondas- (noun) microwave oven38. el refrigerador- (noun) refrigerator

39. La ayuda- (noun)- help40. Poner- (Irregular yo form “go” verb)- to put, to place, to set41. Poder- o-ue stem changing verb) – to be able to, to can42. Sacar- (verb)- to take out43. Ayudar- (verb)- to help44. ¿Necesitas ayuda? – Do you need help?45. Sí, saca el pollo y ponlo en el horno. Yes, take out the chicken and put it in the

oven.46. ¿Puedo ayudar? – Can I help (verb)?47. Saca el flan del refrigerador – Take the flan out of the refrigerator.48. ¿Por qué no preparas los sandwiches?- Why don’t you prepare the sandwiches?49. ¿Pongo la mesa? – Do I set the table?50. Sí, ponla, por favor – Yes, set it, please

La gramática:

51. Direct objects are nouns or pronouns that receive the action of a sentence.Example: I see the dog. (What do I see? The dog.) Dog is the direct object.

52. Direct object pronouns are used to replace a direct object noun that has already been mentioned.For example: In the sentence in # 46, I could replace the word, “dog” with the pronoun, “it” = I see it.)

53. Direct object pronouns: (These must agree in number and in gender to the noun they are replacing.Lo – him, it (masculine)La – her, it (feminine) Los – them (masculine)Las – them (feminine)

54. Placement of direct object pronouns : RULE 1: Place D.O. Pronouns before the conjugated verb.

o Example: ¿Quién prepara el flan? = ¿Quién lo prepara?

Flan is the direct object. It is masculine, singular , so it is replaced by “lo.”“Lo” is placed directly before the conjugated verb, “prepara.”

RULE 2: If there is an infinitive in the sentence, the direct object pronoun can be placed either before the conjugated verb, OR it can be attached to the infinitive.

o Example: ¿Quién va a preparar la cena? = ¿Quién la va a preparar? OR ¿Quién va a prepararla?

La cena is the direct object. It is feminine, singular, so it is replaced by “la.”

“La” can be placed directly before the conjugated verb, “va.” OR, it can be attached to the infinitive, “preparar.”

55. Making affirmative informal commands (telling someone you address as “tú” what to do):

For regular or stem changing verbs: Conjugate the verb to the “tú” form and then drop the “s”.

Example: Tú hablas – s = Tú Habla. = Speak. Tú comes – s = Tú come. = Eat. Tú pides – s = Tú pide. = Order.

56. These verbs have regular command forms. You can use them when talking about helping in the kitchen.

a. abrir- (verb) to openb. cortar - (verb) to cutc. calentar – (e-ie stem changing verb)- to heat upd. mezclar - (verb) to mix e. sacar - (verb) to take outf. añadir- (verb) to add

57. Some verbs have irregular affirmative informal command forms. Some of them are: a. Tener – Ten – Have. b. Venir – Ven – Come. c. Poner – Pon – Put/ Set. d. Ir – Ve – Go. e. Ser – Sé – Be. f. Hacer – Haz – Do/ Make. g. Salir – Sal/ Sal de – Go out/ leave.

58. When you use a direct object pronoun with an affirmative informal command: Attach it to the end of the command. Add an accent to the stressed vowel of the command, unless the command is only one syllable.Example: ¿Preparo la cena? ……….. Sí, prepárala.

Do I prepare the dinner? …….. Yes, prepare it.Example: ¿Pongo los vasos en la mesa? …….. Sí, ponlos allí.

Do I set the glasses on the table?...... Yes, Set them there.

LA CULTURA:

Ch 6 cultural notes:1. The foods we eat often reflect our ethnic traditions and history. In

Mexico, many foods trace their origins to pre-Columbian times. Atole, a drink first enjoyed by the Aztecs and the Mayas, combines corn meal, milk or water, and a flavoring such as chocolate, fruit, or even chile peppers. Atole is so popular that it even comes packaged like instant hot chocolate. What foods do we eat in the United States that were part of the Native American diet? 

2. Corn is a food staple in many Spanish-speaking countries, but Mexico claims it as its own. The first varieties of corn were grown near the present-day capital, Mexico City, and can be seen in the National Museum of Anthropology. In Nahuatl, the language of the Aztecs, one word for corn was elotl (ey’-lotl), which became elote in Mexican Spanish. What traditional dishes in the United States use corn as a staple ingredient?

3. In the United States, dinner is considered the main meal of the day, while lunch is a lighter meal. In Mexico and Spain, the biggest meal of the day, la comida, is served between 1:00 and 2:00 P.M. Family members come home from work and school to eat together. La cena, a light meal, ends the day around 9:00 P.M. Chileans and Colombians regard la cena as a formal evening meal for special occasions. Most days they eat a light supper early in the evening. How do your meal times compare?

4. In Mexico, many people buy snacks like cucumbers or roasted corn with chile powder, mango, pineapple, or watermelon from street vendors. For their afternoon snack, Argentines, Chileans, Uruguayans, and Colombians meet in tea-rooms to drink tea or coffee and eat sandwiches or pastries. Spaniards and Mexicans have a merienda around 6:00 P.M., a small snack such as chocolate and churros or pan. Compare your snacks to those in Spanish-speaking countries. Do you snack with your friends or family at a particular time? What do you eat?

5. Barbecue (from the Taíno word barbacuá) is one of the most traditional foods of Texas. One way of preparing barbecue is to grill it outdoors over a fire made with chunks of mesquite or other aromatic wood. Mexican Americans normally serve barbacoa with jalapeños, salsa, beans, and tortillas. What other traditional foods are popular in Texas?