VISION

WHAT TO LOOK FOR

THE EYE

CONSISTS OF 5 AREAS:

Cornea

Iris

Lens

Retina (rods and Cones)

Optic Nerve

The Eye

SCAN HERE THE EYE

Interesting Facts

The nerve root at the top of the mouth is the same nerve that controls vision

Kids who don’t have a lot of oral stimulation (tube fed children) may be at greater risk for delayed visual maturation

Positioning for vision also affects oral structures.

VISION

Defined as:

Sensory function relating to sense of:Light

Form

Size

Shape

Colour

And is:

Most distant of senses

Stimulates, reinforces and pulls together other sensory information

80% of incidental learning occurs through vision (if we are sighted)

Acccdrnig to rseaech at Hravard Uinervitsy, it deosn't mttaer waht oredr the ltteers in a wrod are, the olny iprmoatnt tihng is taht the frist and lsat ltteer be in the rghit pclae.

This is bcuseae the human mind deos not raed ervey lteter by istlef, but the wrod as a wlohe

VISION

Impacts:Cognition

Communication

Gross motor development

Fine motor development

Social-emotional development

POPULATION

40-70% of kids with visual impairments are likely to have additional disabilitiesUp to 92%% of children with severe physical disabilities have a visual impairmentSmall number of children are functionally blindVisual impairment affects development

VISUAL MATURATION

Vision develops in an organised developmental way

Attention-understandingLights/objects/peopleFixation/shifting/trackingNear/farPeripheral/centralFamiliar/unfamiliarParts/wholeSimple/complexLarge/small

BLINDNESSTOTAL BLINDNESS

NO FUNCTIONAL VISION

NO LIGHT SENSE

LEGAL BLINDNESS IS 20/200

LOW VISIONREDUCED ACUITY

FAR SIGHTED (CAN’T SEE CLOSE)

NEAR SIGHTED (CAN’T SEE AT DISTANCE)

PERPHERAL FIELD LOSS

CENTRAL FIELD LOSS

ASTIGMATISM

CATERACTS

RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA

WHAT TO DO?

REPORTS BY OPTOMETRIST OR OPTHAMOLOGISTLOW VISION CLINICSTEACHER OF THE VISUALLY IMPAIREDADAPTATIONS:

CORRECTIVE LENSESBRIGHT DESIGNSSPACINGSIZINGCONTRASTCLUTTER REDUCTION

T H I S A B O O K

THIS IS A BOOK

This is a book

This is a book

R R R

R R

VISUAL IMPAIRMENT

PARTIAL OR TOTAL IMPAIRMENT AFFECTING ABILITY TO PERFORM DAILY TASKS

THIS INCLUDES BLINDNESS, LOW VISION, AND BY ICF (International Classification of Function) CORTICAL (Cerebral) VISUAL IMPAIRMENT

CORTICAL (CEREBRAL) VISUAL IMPAIRMENT

OCCURS IN THE BRAIN BETWEEN IMAGE DEVELOPMENT AND INTERPRETATION

OCCURS IN EITHER DORSAL OR VENTRAL STREAM OF PASSAGE

VENTRAL STREAM

VISUAL LIBRARY OF THE BRAINObjects and shapes

Facial recognition

Facial Expressions

Shapes (no letters)

DORSAL STREAM

POSTERIOR PARIETAL CORTEXProcessing information

FRONTAL LOBEFocusing information

MOTOR CORTEXUtilizing information

CVI

AFFECTS:Perception

Recognition/processing

Motor response

CVI

DOES NOT OCCUR IN ISOLATION

MOST DIAGNOSED VISUAL IMPAIRMENT IN N. AMERICA (2005)

UP TO 92% OF CHILDREN WITH NEUROLOGICAL IMPAIRMENTS DEMONSTRATE SYMPTOMS OF CVI

CVI

Getting our CVI ‘ducks in a row’

CVI

MORE CVI….

CVI STRATEGIES

STRATEGIES

PERIPHERAL VISION HELPS

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are needed to see this picture.

CONTRAST AND POSITION

CONTRAST?

STRATEGIES

THINGS TO REMEMBER

Make no assumptions about what your student can seeAllow processing timeUse real/concrete objectsGet your student’s attentionPosition objects appropriatelyThink about the backgroundUse multisensory approach

ANDBe consistentBe sure of your voice toneUse contrastUse primary colours

REMEMBER…simple baby simple……

FINALLY,

How we work with our kids with visual impairments, affects how they interact with their world