violence against womenpowerpoint

7/23/2019 Violence Against Womenpowerpoint

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Violence AgainstViolence Against

WomenWomen

Cecilia BaillietCecilia Bailliet


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UN Special Rapporteur onUN Special Rapporteur on

Violence against WomenViolence against Women The Universal phenomenon ofThe Universal phenomenon of

violence against women is theviolence against women is the

result of historically unequalresult of historically unequalpower relations between menpower relations between menand women, which have led toand women, which have led todomination over anddomination over and

discrimination against womendiscrimination against womenby men and to the preventionby men and to the preventionof womens full advancementof womens full advancement


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CEDAW Gen Rec. # 19CEDAW Gen Rec. # 19

ac! of economic independenceac! of economic independence

forces many women to stay in violentforces many women to stay in violent

relationships, unable to divorce andrelationships, unable to divorce andmaintain custody of childrenmaintain custody of children

"osta #ica, $onduras, Uruguay and"osta #ica, $onduras, Uruguay and

%ra&il have laws on economic%ra&il have laws on economic

violence' aggressor wipes out theviolence' aggressor wipes out thevictims economic means ofvictims economic means of

subsistence or propertysubsistence or property


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UN Declaration on ViolenceUN Declaration on Violence

against Womenagainst Women

Article 1 or t!e purposes o" t!isArticle 1 or t!e purposes o" t!is

Declaration t!e term $%iolence againstDeclaration t!e term $%iolence against

&omen$ means an' act o" gen(er)*ase(&omen$ means an' act o" gen(er)*ase(%iolence t!at results in or is li+el' to%iolence t!at results in or is li+el' to

result in p!'sical se,ual orresult in p!'sical se,ual or

ps'c!ological !arm or su-ering tops'c!ological !arm or su-ering to

&omen inclu(ing t!reats o" suc! acts&omen inclu(ing t!reats o" suc! actscoercion or ar*itrar' (epri%ation o"coercion or ar*itrar' (epri%ation o"

li*ert' &!et!er occurring in pu*lic or inli*ert' &!et!er occurring in pu*lic or in

pri%ate li"e.pri%ate li"e.


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U( )eclaration onU( )eclaration on

Violence Against WomenViolence Against Women

Article Violence against &omen s!all *eArticle Violence against &omen s!all *eun(erstoo( to encompass *ut not *e limite( to t!eun(erstoo( to encompass *ut not *e limite( to t!e"ollo&ing/ 0a 2!'sical se,ual an( ps'c!ological"ollo&ing/ 0a 2!'sical se,ual an( ps'c!ological%iolence occurring in t!e "amil' inclu(ing *attering%iolence occurring in t!e "amil' inclu(ing *attering

se,ual a*use o" "emale c!il(ren in t!e !ouse!ol(se,ual a*use o" "emale c!il(ren in t!e !ouse!ol((o&r')relate( %iolence marital rape "emale genital(o&r')relate( %iolence marital rape "emale genitalmutilation an( ot!er tra(itional practices !arm"ul tomutilation an( ot!er tra(itional practices !arm"ul to&omen non)spousal %iolence an( %iolence relate( to&omen non)spousal %iolence an( %iolence relate( toe,ploitation3e,ploitation3

0* 2!'sical se,ual an( ps'c!ological %iolence occurring0* 2!'sical se,ual an( ps'c!ological %iolence occurring&it!in t!e general communit' inclu(ing rape se,ual&it!in t!e general communit' inclu(ing rape se,ual

a*use se,ual !arassment an( intimi(ation at &or+ ina*use se,ual !arassment an( intimi(ation at &or+ ine(ucational institutions an( else&!ere tra4c+ing ine(ucational institutions an( else&!ere tra4c+ing in&omen an( "orce( prostitution3&omen an( "orce( prostitution3

0c 2!'sical se,ual an( ps'c!ological %iolence0c 2!'sical se,ual an( ps'c!ological %iolenceperpetrate( or con(one( *' t!e State &!ere%er itperpetrate( or con(one( *' t!e State &!ere%er itoccurs.occurs.


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Article *Article *

Women are entitle( to t!e e5ual en6o'ment an( protectionWomen are entitle( to t!e e5ual en6o'ment an( protectiono" all !uman rig!ts an( "un(amental "ree(oms in t!eo" all !uman rig!ts an( "un(amental "ree(oms in t!epolitical economic social cultural ci%il or an' ot!erpolitical economic social cultural ci%il or an' ot!er7el(. 8!ese rig!ts inclu(e inter alia/7el(. 8!ese rig!ts inclu(e inter alia/

0a 8!e rig!t to li"e30a 8!e rig!t to li"e3 0* 8!e rig!t to e5ualit'30* 8!e rig!t to e5ualit'3 0c 8!e rig!t to li*ert' an( securit' o" person30c 8!e rig!t to li*ert' an( securit' o" person3 0( 8!e rig!t to e5ual protection un(er t!e la&30( 8!e rig!t to e5ual protection un(er t!e la&3 0e 8!e rig!t to *e "ree "rom all "orms o" (iscrimination30e 8!e rig!t to *e "ree "rom all "orms o" (iscrimination3

0" 8!e rig!t to t!e !ig!est stan(ar( attaina*le o"0" 8!e rig!t to t!e !ig!est stan(ar( attaina*le o"

p!'sical an( mental !ealt!3p!'sical an( mental !ealt!3 0g 8!e rig!t to 6ust an( "a%oura*le con(itions o" &or+30g 8!e rig!t to 6ust an( "a%oura*le con(itions o" &or+3

0! 8!e rig!t not to *e su*6ecte( to torture or ot!er0! 8!e rig!t not to *e su*6ecte( to torture or ot!ercruel in!uman or (egra(ing treatment or punis!ment.cruel in!uman or (egra(ing treatment or punis!ment.


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Article +Article +

States s!oul( con(emn %iolenceStates s!oul( con(emn %iolence

against &omen an( s!oul( notagainst &omen an( s!oul( not

in%o+e an' custom tra(ition orin%o+e an' custom tra(ition orreligious consi(eration to a%oi( t!eirreligious consi(eration to a%oi( t!eir

o*ligations &it! respect to itso*ligations &it! respect to its

elimination. States s!oul( pursue *'elimination. States s!oul( pursue *'

all appropriate means an( &it!outall appropriate means an( &it!out(ela' a polic' o" eliminating %iolence(ela' a polic' o" eliminating %iolence


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nter)American Con%ention on t!e 2re%entionnter)American Con%ention on t!e 2re%ention

2unis!ment an( Era(ication o" Violence Against Women2unis!ment an( Era(ication o" Violence Against Women

0Con%ention o" Belem (o 2ara0Con%ention o" Belem (o 2ara

Article 'Article ' Violence against women shall be understood toViolence against women shall be understood to

include physical, se-ual and psychological violence'include physical, se-ual and psychological violence'

that occurs within the family or domestic unit orthat occurs within the family or domestic unit orwithin any other interpersonal relationship, whetherwithin any other interpersonal relationship, whetheror not the perpetrator shares or has shared the sameor not the perpetrator shares or has shared the sameresidence with the women, including, among others,residence with the women, including, among others,rape, battery and se-ual abuse,rape, battery and se-ual abuse,

that occurs in the community and is perpetrated bythat occurs in the community and is perpetrated byany person, including, among others, rape, se-ualany person, including, among others, rape, se-ual

abuse, torture, tra.c!ing in persons, forcedabuse, torture, tra.c!ing in persons, forcedprostitution, !idnapping and se-ual harassment in theprostitution, !idnapping and se-ual harassment in thewor!place, as well as in educational institutions,wor!place, as well as in educational institutions,health facilities or any other place/ andhealth facilities or any other place/ and

that is perpetrated or condoned by the state or itsthat is perpetrated or condoned by the state or itsagents regardless of where it occurs0agents regardless of where it occurs0


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Article :Article :

1very woman has the right to1very woman has the right to

be free from violence in bothbe free from violence in both

the public and the privatethe public and the privatespheres0spheres0


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Article ;Article ;

#ight to life#ight to life 2hysical, 3ental and 3oral integrity respected2hysical, 3ental and 3oral integrity respected 2ersonal liberty and security2ersonal liberty and security

#ight not to be sub4ected to torture#ight not to be sub4ected to torture 5nherent dignity of her person and protection of5nherent dignity of her person and protection offamilyfamily

1qual protection before the law and of the law1qual protection before the law and of the law 6imple and prompt recourse to a competent6imple and prompt recourse to a competent

court for protection against acts that violate hercourt for protection against acts that violate her

rightsrights #ight to associate freely#ight to associate freely 7reedom of religion and beliefs within the law7reedom of religion and beliefs within the law 1qual access to public service81qual access to public service8


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2rotocol to t!e A"rican C!arter on


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Art : 0;Art : 0;

6tates parties shall protect6tates parties shall protect

women from all forms ofwomen from all forms of

violence, particularly se-ualviolence, particularly se-ualand verbal violenceand verbal violence


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Art ; 0Art ; 0

6tate parties shall ta!e6tate parties shall ta!e

appropriate and e=ectiveappropriate and e=ectivemeasures to enact and enforcemeasures to enact and enforce

laws to prohibit all forms oflaws to prohibit all forms of

violence against women includingviolence against women including

unwanted or forced se- whetherunwanted or forced se- whetherthe violence ta!es place in privatethe violence ta!es place in private

or publicor public


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Art 11Art 11

6tates parties underta!e to protect6tates parties underta!e to protectasylum see!ing women, refugees,asylum see!ing women, refugees,returnees and internally displacedreturnees and internally displaced

persons, against all forms ofpersons, against all forms ofviolence, rape and other forms ofviolence, rape and other forms ofse-ual e-ploitation, and to ensurese-ual e-ploitation, and to ensurethat such acts are considered warthat such acts are considered warcrimes, genocide, and>or crimescrimes, genocide, and>or crimesagainst humanity and that theiragainst humanity and that theirperpetrators are brought to 4usticeperpetrators are brought to 4usticebefore a competent 4urisdiction0before a competent 4urisdiction0


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"onte-t of 6ocial )iscrimination"onte-t of 6ocial )iscrimination

Gen(er/ Su*or(inate role in "amil' an( communit'Gen(er/ Su*or(inate role in "amil' an( communit'&omen (e7ne t!emsel%es t!roug! t!eir relation&omen (e7ne t!emsel%es t!roug! t!eir relation&it! a (ominant man "amil' 0inclu(ing ot!er&it! a (ominant man "amil' 0inclu(ing ot!er&omen up!ol( norms o" con(uct upon t!e&omen up!ol( norms o" con(uct upon t!e

&oman. Victim *lames man=s %iolent c!il(!oo(&oman. Victim *lames man=s %iolent c!il(!oo(su*stance a*use etc. "or %iolence not sociall'su*stance a*use etc. "or %iolence not sociall'impose( co(es o" *e!a%iour.impose( co(es o" *e!a%iour.

Et!nicit'Et!nicit' Socio)Economic Status/ !ig! correlation *et&eenSocio)Economic Status/ !ig! correlation *et&een

po%ert' an( %iolencepo%ert' an( %iolence

>igrant?Displace( Status>igrant?Displace( Status Rural statusRural status @ac+ o" e(ucation as pertaining !uman rig!ts an(@ac+ o" e(ucation as pertaining !uman rig!ts an(

protection proce(ures ear o" social stigmatiationprotection proce(ures ear o" social stigmatiationin going pu*lic or stigmatiation o" c!il(renin going pu*lic or stigmatiation o" c!il(ren


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@ocation o" Violence/ 2u*lic?2ri%ate Dic!otom'@ocation o" Violence/ 2u*lic?2ri%ate Dic!otom'

Violence in !ome seen as normal orViolence in !ome seen as normal ormere crime o" passion 2ri%ate mattermere crime o" passion 2ri%ate matter

Communit'Communit' Wor+placeWor+place En route (uring migrationEn route (uring migration

smuggling in D2 or re"ugee campssmuggling in D2 or re"ugee camps War) rape o" "emale ci%ilians (ue toWar) rape o" "emale ci%ilians (ue to

et!nicit' "emale sol(iers e,pose( toet!nicit' "emale sol(iers e,pose( tose,ual a*use 0institutionalie( se,ualse,ual a*use 0institutionalie( se,ual%iolence%iolence


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2roof of violence2roof of violence

Se,ual %iolence occurs in pri%ate noSe,ual %iolence occurs in pri%ate no

&itnesses an( lea%e no p!'sical e%i(ence&itnesses an( lea%e no p!'sical e%i(ence

CC orce t!reat o" "orce coercion orCC orce t!reat o" "orce coercion orcoerci%e en%iroment ma' un(erminecoerci%e en%iroment ma' un(ermine

%ictim=s a*ilit' to gi%e %oluntar' an(%ictim=s a*ilit' to gi%e %oluntar' an(

genuine connsentgenuine connsent

ECC %. Bulgaria Coerci%eECC %. Bulgaria Coerci%een%iroment means a*sence o" (irect proo"en%iroment means a*sence o" (irect proo"

or &itnesses o" t!e se,ual aggressionor &itnesses o" t!e se,ual aggression


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)e 4ure and de facto access to 4ustice)e 4ure and de facto access to 4ustice

C!iapas penal co(e 2ermits !us*an(s to correct &i"e %iaC!iapas penal co(e 2ermits !us*an(s to correct &i"e %iap!'sical a*use 0i" in6uries ta+e less t!an t&o &ee+s to !ealp!'sical a*use 0i" in6uries ta+e less t!an t&o &ee+s to !eal

Rapist re(eems c!astit' (ecenc' an( !onour o" !is %ictim i"Rapist re(eems c!astit' (ecenc' an( !onour o" !is %ictim i"

!e marries !er!e marries !er Domestic Violence/ State tolerates or con(ones (e "actoDomestic Violence/ State tolerates or con(ones (e "actooppression o" &omen &it!in t!e !omeoppression o" &omen &it!in t!e !ome

@ac+ o" Restraining or(ers (o not ta+e !us*an(s into custo('@ac+ o" Restraining or(ers (o not ta+e !us*an(s into custo('or (o not monitor or en"orce or(er &!en gi%en. Consi(eror (o not monitor or en"orce or(er &!en gi%en. Consi(er(anger o" aggressor to societ' not sa"et' o" t!e %ictim(anger o" aggressor to societ' not sa"et' o" t!e %ictim

%er) use o" me(iation) &oman an( man !a%e une5ual po&er%er) use o" me(iation) &oman an( man !a%e une5ual po&er

relations!ip agreement (oes not a((ress t!e causes an(relations!ip agreement (oes not a((ress t!e causes an(conse5uences o" t!e %iolenceconse5uences o" t!e %iolence 2ropert' rig!ts/ male ten(s to retain o&ners!ip an( control o"2ropert' rig!ts/ male ten(s to retain o&ners!ip an( control o"

propert' &omen trappe( in situations o" (omestic %iolence.propert' &omen trappe( in situations o" (omestic %iolence.Wi(o&s ma' *e e%icte( *' "amil' mem*ers.Wi(o&s ma' *e e%icte( *' "amil' mem*ers.


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)e 4ure and de facto access to 4ustice)e 4ure and de facto access to 4ustice

ailure to launc! imme(iate searc! "or t!e %ictim lo& priorit' in relation to ot!er crimesailure to launc! imme(iate searc! "or t!e %ictim lo& priorit' in relation to ot!er crimes

@ac+ o" !uman tec!nical or 7nancial resource@ac+ o" !uman tec!nical or 7nancial resource

@imite( nter%ention *' police an( prosecutors) &omen (o not trust corrupt ('s"unctional@imite( nter%ention *' police an( prosecutors) &omen (o not trust corrupt ('s"unctional6u(icial s'stem6u(icial s'stem

@imite( access to 6ustice *' &omen 0language costs *ias against &omen geograp!ic@imite( access to 6ustice *' &omen 0language costs *ias against &omen geograp!ic

(istance lac+ o" 6u(icial protection (uring procee(ings(istance lac+ o" 6u(icial protection (uring procee(ings ocus on p!'sical e%i(ence an( testimon' to t!e e,clusion o" ot!er t'pes o" e%i(enceocus on p!'sical e%i(ence an( testimon' to t!e e,clusion o" ot!er t'pes o" e%i(ence Victim not consi(ere( cre(i*leVictim not consi(ere( cre(i*le Aut!orities are not impartial in in%estigationAut!orities are not impartial in in%estigation Aut!orities *lame t!e %ictim "or &!at !appene(Aut!orities *lame t!e %ictim "or &!at !appene( Victim &ill not testi"' *ecause o" "ear o" reprisal "ear o" loss o" economic supportVictim &ill not testi"' *ecause o" "ear o" reprisal "ear o" loss o" economic support u(ges are *iase( "ear o" *eing la*elle( "eminist or e-eminateu(ges are *iase( "ear o" *eing la*elle( "eminist or e-eminate 2rosecutor &ill not see+ in(ictment unless sure case &ill &in *ase( on strong e%i(ence not2rosecutor &ill not see+ in(ictment unless sure case &ill &in *ase( on strong e%i(ence not

seriousness o" "actsseriousness o" "acts

@imite( statistics on rape mur(er etc@imite( statistics on rape mur(er etc mpunit' "or se,ual %iolencempunit' "or se,ual %iolence @enient sentencing@enient sentencing @ittle compensation to sur%i%ors No access to Counselling@ittle compensation to sur%i%ors No access to Counselling Sparse a%aila*ilit' o" S!eltersSparse a%aila*ilit' o" S!elters


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Traditional practices'Traditional practices'

n"ormal communit' 6ustice ma' usen"ormal communit' 6ustice ma' usetra(itional sanctions suc! as !onor +illings)tra(itional sanctions suc! as !onor +illings)cultural relati%ist argumentscultural relati%ist arguments


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"ase "iudad ?uare&"ase "iudad ?uare&

Bet&een 199: an( FF) :HHBet&een 199: an( FF) :HH

&omen mur(ere( t!ose cases&omen mur(ere( t!ose cases

in%ol%ing se,ual %iolence onl'in%ol%ing se,ual %iolence onl'con%icte( ::.:I.con%icte( ::.:I.


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Due Diligence Stan(ar(Due Diligence Stan(ar(

Declaration on t!e Elimination o" Violence againstDeclaration on t!e Elimination o" Violence against

Women 0199:Women 0199: State !as (ut' to pre%ent in%estigate punis! acts o"State !as (ut' to pre%ent in%estigate punis! acts o"

%iolence against &omen *' State or pri%ate persons%iolence against &omen *' State or pri%ate persons nter American Con%ention on t!e 2re%entionnter American Con%ention on t!e 2re%ention

2unis!ment an( Era(ication o" Violence Against2unis!ment an( Era(ication o" Violence AgainstWomen appl' (ue (iligenceWomen appl' (ue (iligence

8ra(itional perspecti%e !as *een response to acts o"8ra(itional perspecti%e !as *een response to acts o"%iolence. No& &e "ocus on pre%ention (ut' to c!ange%iolence. No& &e "ocus on pre%ention (ut' to c!angepatriarc!al gen(er structures &!ic! promote %iolencepatriarc!al gen(er structures &!ic! promote %iolenceagainst &omen.against &omen.


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Velasque& #odrigue& v0Velasque& #odrigue& v0

$onduras$onduras

:disappearance;:disappearance; State is responsi*le "or act o"State is responsi*le "or act o"

pri%ate person &!en "aile( topri%ate person &!en "aile( to

e,ercise (ue (iligence to pre%ente,ercise (ue (iligence to pre%entt!e %iolation or respon( to it.t!e %iolation or respon( to it.

@egal political a(ministrati%e@egal political a(ministrati%e

an( cultural measures to promotean( cultural measures to promotet!e protection o" !uman rig!ts.t!e protection o" !uman rig!ts.


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3aria 7ernandes "ase 5A"$# @@9 )omestic3aria 7ernandes "ase 5A"$# @@9 )omestic

ViolenceViolence

Brail "aile( to pre%ent an( respon( (espite clearBrail "aile( to pre%ent an( respon( (espite cleare%i(ence 0 !e s!ot an( trie( to electrocute !er lea%inge%i(ence 0 !e s!ot an( trie( to electrocute !er lea%ing!er paraplegic against t!e accuse( an( seriousness o"!er paraplegic against t!e accuse( an( seriousness o"c!arges trie( "or 1 'ears to prosecute !imJnterc!arges trie( "or 1 'ears to prosecute !imJnterAmerican Commission "oun( t!at t!e case coul( *eAmerican Commission "oun( t!at t!e case coul( *e%ie&e( as a part o" a general pattern o" negligence an(%ie&e( as a part o" a general pattern o" negligence an(lac+ o" e-ecti%e action *' t!e State in prosecuting an(lac+ o" e-ecti%e action *' t!e State in prosecuting an(con%icting aggressors Calle( "or Brail to train an( raisecon%icting aggressors Calle( "or Brail to train an( raisea&areness o" 6u(ges an( police simpli"' criminal 6usticea&areness o" 6u(ges an( police simpli"' criminal 6usticeprocee(ings to re(uce (ela's esta*lis! alternati%es toprocee(ings to re(uce (ela's esta*lis! alternati%es to6u(icial mec!anism to resol%e (omestic conKicts increase6u(icial mec!anism to resol%e (omestic conKicts increase

police an( prosecutorial capacities to ensure t!atpolice an( prosecutorial capacities to ensure t!atcomplaints are in%estigate( teac! &omen=s rig!tscomplaints are in%estigate( teac! &omen=s rig!ts

But S&iterlan( mo%ing a&a' "rom me(iation in (omesticBut S&iterlan( mo%ing a&a' "rom me(iation in (omestic%iolence cases to&ar(s in%estigation an( alla'ing o"%iolence cases to&ar(s in%estigation an( alla'ing o"c!argesc!arges


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CEDAW A8 %.


26/28

)ue diligence)ue diligence

Rati7cation o" !uman rig!ts instrumentsRati7cation o" !uman rig!ts instruments Constitutional guarantees o" e5ualit' "or &omenConstitutional guarantees o" e5ualit' "or &omen National legislation an( or a(ministrati%e sanctionsNational legislation an( or a(ministrati%e sanctions

pro%i(ing a(e5uate re(ress "or &omen %ictims o"pro%i(ing a(e5uate re(ress "or &omen %ictims o"

%iolence%iolence 2olicies or plans o" action t!at (eal &it! t!e issue o"2olicies or plans o" action t!at (eal &it! t!e issue o"

%iolence against &omen%iolence against &omen Gen(er sensiti%it' o" t!e criminal 6ustice s'stem an(Gen(er sensiti%it' o" t!e criminal 6ustice s'stem an(

policepolice Accessi*ilit' an( a%aila*ilit' o" support ser%icesAccessi*ilit' an( a%aila*ilit' o" support ser%ices E,istence o" measures to raise a&areness an( mo(i"'E,istence o" measures to raise a&areness an( mo(i"'

(iscriminator' policies in t!e 7el( o" e(ucation an( t!e(iscriminator' policies in t!e 7el( o" e(ucation an( t!eme(iame(ia

8!e collection o" (ata an( statistics concerning %iolence8!e collection o" (ata an( statistics concerning %iolenceagainst &omenagainst &omen


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Re"ugee @a&Re"ugee @a&

A re"ugee !as a &ell)"oun(e( "ear o" persecution on accountA re"ugee !as a &ell)"oun(e( "ear o" persecution on accounto" political opinion religion nationalit' race or social group.o" political opinion religion nationalit' race or social group.

Women as a social group) internal an( e,ternal perceptionWomen as a social group) internal an( e,ternal perception

>i,e( protection groun(s>i,e( protection groun(s Gen(er relate( persecutionGen(er relate( persecution Gen(er speci7c persecution/ rape G> "orce( a*ortionGen(er speci7c persecution/ rape G> "orce( a*ortion Cre(i*ilit' pro*lems/ Rape 8raumaCre(i*ilit' pro*lems/ Rape 8rauma Conte,t o" gen(er (iscrimination supports protection claim.Conte,t o" gen(er (iscrimination supports protection claim. State pro%es una*le or un&illing to !elp &omen (ue toState pro%es una*le or un&illing to !elp &omen (ue to

(iscrimination.(iscrimination. slam Caseslam Case Lasinga CaseLasinga Case 8ra4c+ing/ 0


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3atter of #odi3atter of #odi

Alvarado 2ena, %5AAlvarado 2ena, %5A9BBB9BBB >s A%alra(o=s !us*an( (islocate( !er>s A%alra(o=s !us*an( (islocate( !er6a& trie( to cut o- !er !an(s &it! a6a& trie( to cut o- !er !an(s &it! a

mac!ete +ic+e( !er in t!e a*(omen tomac!ete +ic+e( !er in t!e a*(omen to

pro%o+e an a*ortion use( !er !ea( topro%o+e an a*ortion use( !er !ea( to

*rea+ mirrors an( &in(o&s &!ippe( !er*rea+ mirrors an( &in(o&s &!ippe( !er

&it! electrical cor(s an( pistols an(&it! electrical cor(s an( pistols an(

rape( !er in "ront o" t!e c!il(ren. S!erape( !er in "ront o" t!e c!il(ren. S!e

trie( to attain assistance "rom t!e polictrie( to attain assistance "rom t!e polic

an( 6u(iciar' &!ic! re"use( to inter"erean( 6u(iciar' &!ic! re"use( to inter"ere

in "amil' matters.in "amil' matters.

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