domestic violence against men
TRANSCRIPT
- 1.DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AGAINST MENby Hattie treadwell cox
DOES IT REALLY EXIST
2. Abstract
Domestic violence, also referred to as intimate partner violence,
against men is happening far more than what is being reported to
the police. Research studies have confirmed that societys
traditional view of males as the stronger sex and females as the
weaker counterpart do contribute to the cause of unreported
violence against male victims. Because of societys perspective,
male victims of domestic violence are being subjected to
life-threatening violence, emotional distress and discrimination.
In addition, studies have shown that supportive resources do not
exist for male domestic violence victims as they do for female
victims, this further contributes to the attacks going
unreported.
3. Facing the Facts
4. Facing the Facts cont
Domestic violence against men is believed to be nonexistent.
The term Domestic Violence (DV), also referred to as Intimate
Partner Violence (IPV) is happening at a far greater rate against
men, than what is being reported to the police. In addition, the
men that do convey themselves as victims are often not believed,
and many times arrested as the persons behind the violence; this
contributes to their reluctance in reporting future
incidences.
5. Does Societys view have an effect on the number of times
domestic violence against men will be reported?
6. Facing the Facts cont
Domestic violence against men frequently goes unreported.
Men are not always the perpetrators at the scenes of DV situations,
subsequently, in many instances they are the victims. Domestic
violence against men does exist, but has not been given the
recognition needed to begin resolving this biased problem, based on
the number of female offenders reported is substantially low in
comparison to male perpetrators. Paraphrasing Simmons, Lehmann
& Collier-Tenison (2008), women constitute a small portion of
intimate partner violence arrests in the United States, which is
only 15%.
7. Does society supportwomens self-reporting of past abuse against
them as justification to enact violence against men?
Male victims are being abused and murdered by women as
justification of undocumented abuse against them in their past,
which is one of the main reasons DV against men goes underreported.
Clinicians working with female offenders often accept their clients
self-reports as valid (Henning, Jones & Holford, 2005), and a
number of theorists posit that most women who are arrested for
violence against their intimate partners are in-fact victims of IPV
themselves and should be treated as such (Simmons, 2008).
8. Studies have proven that women have the propensity to be equally
violent as men for the same reasons as male offenders. According to
Straus & Gelles (1986), the National Family Violence
Surveyrevealed that, 4.8% of men, or 2.6 million men nationwide,
reported being victimsof severe intimate partner violence by their
wives, violence that includes acts of punching, kicking, beating
up, and using a knife or gun (as cited in Hines, Brown, &
Dunning, 2007).
Are the perpetrators of domestic violence always men?
Are women more violent than their male counterparts?
9. Facing the Facts Cont
Domestic violence against men viewed as justified retaliation for
women
Women do carry out DV/IPV against men, without prior history of
abuse against them; however, most practitioners argue that women
are usually arrested for defensive actions used in the face of
assaults perpetrated by their spouse/partner (Henning, Renauer
& Holford, 2006).
10. Kimberg (2007), the National Violence Against Women Study
(NVAWS) revealed from telephone surveys that 1.5 million women and
834,700 men are raped and physically assaulted by an intimate
partner annually.
Should women arrested for using violence against an intimate
partner be treated as victims, offenders or a combination of the
two (Simmons, C., Lehmann, P. & Collier-Tenison, S.,
2008)?
According to Hines, et al. (2007), feminist argue, domestic
violence is a gendered problem of mens violence against women, and
if women do perpetrate violence against their male partners, it is
either in self-defense or they are identifying with the male
aggressor.
11. The views of society dictate how men are perceived in domestic
violence relationships, society perceives male victims as wimps,
who are not believed and refused the status of victim (Barber,
2008).
12. Facing the Facts cont
Domestic violence against men lacks supportive services and
resources
Supportive services should be created to research societys
traditional implications on male victims of DV/IPV. Men being the
stronger sex, and always responsible for inflicting the violence in
DV/IPV circumstances cannot be validated based on the
research information available.
13. The police respond to male victims by not believing them, and
many times arresting them as the perpetrators.
According to Hines, et al. (2007), researchers interested in the
plight of male victims of severe IPV have been unable to study them
because there has been no one place where abused men gather. In
addition, several studies show that the majority of women do not
cite self-defense as a motive for their violence against their male
partners, but rather anger, jealousy, retaliation for emotional
hurt, efforts to gain control and dominance and confusion (Hines,
2007).
14. Male victims of domestic violence are being discriminated
against by society.
Ridley & Feldman (2003), reported, the dearth of research on
female aggression may relate to predominant cultural norms which
assign women the role of caretaker and nurturer and therefore
unlikely to be physically aggressive.
15. The current amount of support services provided to male DV/IPV
victims reflects societys view on the issue.
The same support and resources available to female domestic
violence victims are not available to male victims. Hines (2009)
found that, out of 2,000 shelters in the United States, only a
handful offer beds to battered men and their children, and outreach
programs targeting male victims are essentially nonexistent (as
cited in Muller, et al. 2009). In addition, much of the healthcare
literature on IPV focuses on women IPV victims, including expert
advice and national guidelines on addressing IPV victimization in
women in the health-care setting (Kimberg, 2007).
16. Discussion on the Facts
17. Discussion on the Facts
The research material for this review taken from Argosy University
Online Library, and all articles are from peer-reviewed
journals.
There is a strong need for updated research information on male
DV/IPV victims.
The journal writings support that domestic violence against men is
a prevalent issue that is deficient in research.
Supported services for men in this area need to be established, so
that a basis of contact to identify victims that would otherwise go
unreported to law authorities based on the unfair gender biased
treatment they fear will be encountered, or being victimized again
from a previous experience.
18. Discussion on the Facts
Women are not the only victims of domestic violence, it is a gross
error to conceptualize and classify spousal violence as a womans
issue rather than a human issue (Neely & Robinson-Simpson,
2001).
There is little research on how often females perpetrate violence
against males that have victimized them in the past; this could be
used for future research.
All of the researched journal articles agree that the research on
domestic violence is sparse and that more research is needed in
determining if this problem occurs enough to warrant urgent
concern.
19. Conclusions
20. Conclusions
Society views men as the physically stronger sex, and females as
physically weaker; therefore, men are initially assumed the
perpetrators in responses to domestic violence. Feminist typically
argue that intimate partner violence is committed only by men
against women (Hines, Brown & Dunning, 2007). Will societys
view on the crime, domestic violence against men have an effect on
the number of times reported?
21. Conclusions
Male victims of DV do not have the support services available to
them, as do female victims. Much of the literature relating to DV
focuses on women as the victims of abuse and does not address DV
against men (Barber, 2008).When men do not report the DV/IPV
against them, they further substantiate societys claim.Men are
discriminated against and are often not believed when they report
the DV against them. Societys idea that men are always the
perpetrator of DV against women will have an effect on the number
of times violence against men is reported. Without police reports,
hospital records, and restraining orders as valid records to show
the issue is bigger than what society perceives, men will continue
to go unrecognized as victims.
22. Conclusions
Society should pay more attention to addressing impartiality
towards men by developing equal support services to male
victims.Intimate partner violence by women against men has been the
subject of much debate (Hines, et al., 2007). One huge consequence
of unreported violence against men is women murdering men for
alleged violence against them in the past. A second result is the
violence against men will increase, as society ignores the
situation by upholding traditionally outdated gender biases as it
relates to differences in physical abilities of men and
women.
23. Conclusions
Therefore, future research should be put to these questions, will
an increase in supportive services and resources for male victims
of domestic violence increase the number of times reported, also
will reporting domestic violence against men have an effect
on
societys perception of men as the initial perpetrators. Lastly,
more studies are needed on the subject of DV against men to close
the huge gaps in the present amount of research available; very
little has been investigated on the subject.
24. References
Barber, C. F. (2008). Domestic violence against men. Nursing
Standard, 22(51),35-39.
Emery, C. (2010). Examining and extension of Johnsons hypothesis:
Is male perpetrated intimate partner violence more underreported
than female violence? Journal of Family Violence, 25(2), 173-181.
doi: 10.1007/s10896-009-9281-0
Henning, K., Jones, A. & Holdford, R. (2005). I didnt do it,
but if I did I had a good Reason: Minimization, denial, and
attributions of blame among male and female domestic violence
offenders. Journal of Family Violence, 20(3), 131-139. doi:
10.1007/s10896-005-3647-8
Henning, K., Renauer, B. & Holford, R. (2006). Victim or
offender? Heterogeneity among women arrested for intimate partner
violence. Journal of Family Violence, 21(6), 351-368. doi:
10.1007/s10896-006-9032-4
Hines, D., Brown, J. & Dunning, E. (2007). Characteristics of
callers to the domestic Abuse helpline for men. Journal of Family
Violence, 22(2), 63-72. doi: 10.1007/s10896-006-9052-0
25. References
Kimberg, L. S. (2008). Addressing intimate partner violence with
male patients: A review and introduction of pilot guidelines.
Journal of General Internal Medicine, 23(12), 2071-2078. doi:
10.1007/s11606-008-0755-1
McNeely, R. L. & Robinson-Simpson, G. (1988). The truth about
domestic violence revisited: A reply to Saunders. Social Work,
33(2), 184-188.
Muller, H., Desmarais, S. & Hamel, J. (2009). Do judicial
responses to restraining order requests discriminate against male
victims of domestic violence? Journal of Family violence, 24(8),
625-637. doi: 10.1007/s10896-009-9261-4
Ridley, C. A. & Feldman, C. M. (2003). Female domestic violence
toward male partners: Exploring conflict responses and outcomes.
Journal of Family Violence, 18(3), 157-170.
Simmons, C., Lehmann, P. & Collier-Tenison, S. (2008). From
victim to offender: The effects of male initiated violence on women
arrested for using intimate partner violence. Journal of Family
Violence, 23(6), 463-472. doi: 10.1007/s10896-008-9173-8