video in learning process
TRANSCRIPT
What is video?What is video?• Video is the technology of electronically
capturing, recording, processing, storing, transmitting, and reconstructing a sequence of still images representing scenes in motion.
• Video - „I see“, visual motion, picture and sound
• Video is actively used in education and has a great pedagogical value
• Video helps to engage students, it can be used as social learning activity...
TypesTypes• Analog video (VHS, Betamax)• Digital video (DVD, Blu Ray Disk,
QuickTime, AVI, WMV, MPEG4), recorded with digital video cameras
• Digital video provides better quality and sharing opportunities(video is a file!)
Analog video Analog video standardsstandards
Display ResolutionDisplay Resolution
Standard
One frame (width
and length)
Aspect ratio
Picture size in video editing software
DV-NTSC
720x480 4:3 720x534
DV-NTSC
720x480 16:9 960x534
DV-PAL 720x575 4:3 768x576DV-PAL 720x576 16:9 1024x576HDTV 1280x720 1280x576
HDTV1920x108
0 1920x1080
Aspect ratioAspect ratio• 4:3 : traditional television uses that, it can be
used if You plan to put some slides or pictures beside the video picture (videolectures)
• 16:9: HDTV uses that, try to prefer this, because but pixels used in digital video often have non-square aspect ratios and DV standard corresponds to wide-screen formats.
Video cameras and Video cameras and mediasmedias
• Analog or digital, from 1990-nties DV is dominating)• Web-cameras (webcams), on laptops, iMacs etc.• Different cassetes• DV (Digital Video): small, medium (DVCPRO,
Panasonic), large (DVCAM) and extra-large (DVCPRO XL).
• All DV cassettes use tape that is ¼ inch (6.35 mm) wide.
• Small or S-size is MiniDV cassette, most popular, are used for recording baseline DV, DVCAM as well as HDV
DVCAM-L, DVCAM-M and MiniDVDVCAM-L, DVCAM-M and MiniDV
File-based mediaFile-based media• Tapeless recording• Optical discs (DVD, Mini DVD)• Flash memory cards (SD cards)• Hard-disk drives• Sony XDCAM family of cameras can record DV onto
either Professional Disc or SxS cards.• Panasonic DVCPRO HD and AVC-Intra camcorders
onto P2 cards.• Panasonic AVCHD camcorders record DV video onto
Secure Digital memory cards.• JVC GY-HM750 records onto Secure Digital (SD) or SxS
memory cards.
Raw videoRaw video• Most DV and HDV camcorders can feed live DV
stream over IEEE 1394 interface also called FireWire, to an external file-based recorder (i.e. computer).
• Video is stored either as native DIF bitstream or wrapped into an audio/video container such as AVI, QuickTime and MXF.
• DV-DIF is the raw form of DV video. The files usually have extensions *.dv or *.dif.
Main raw formatsMain raw formats• DV-AVI is Microsoft's implementation of DV video file,
which is wrapped into an AVI container. This container is used primarily on Windows-based computers, though Sony offers two tapeless recorders, the HDD-based HVR-DR60[16] and the CompactFlash-based HVR-MRC1K,[17]for use with DV/HDV camcorders that can record in DV-AVI Quicktime-DV is DV video wrapped into Quicktime container. This container is used primarily on Apple computers (MOV-files).
• MXF-DV wraps DV video into MXF container, which is presently used on P2-based camcorders (Panasonic) and on XDCAM/XDCAM EX camcorders (Sony).
Additional accessoriesAdditional accessories• Cables (USB, FireWire)• Microphones (wireless with transmitters,
directional, condencer microphones)• Tripods• Chargers and batteries• Bags• http://www.tlu.ee/opmat/eope/videokoolitus/kaam
erate_lisaseadmed.html#
Types of educational videos• Video lectures („Talking heads“, tutorials): main
focus is the teacher who speaks directly to a live audience or the camera, with slides or without)
• Using authentic archive video material: digitized materials from libraries (europeana.eu), archives
• Animated screenshots: animated screenshots of using software together with a soundtrack in the form of ‘mini-movies’
• Instructional 'how to videos' of a practical activity: to show the process, procedures and different stages of doing something concrete
• Interviewing an expert or expert presentation: guest speakers, who present an alternative viewpoint, used for further discussions with students.
• Video blogs 'think aloud‘: personal reflection of learner or teacher on some subject, record their thoughts and actions, tone, humour and spontaneity.
• Video case studies/simulations/role plays: the intention is to simulate an event such as a lab experiment where safety might potentially be at risk or to engage in a role-playing situation in the form of a case study where the students can experiment with different responses and behaviors. Video in this case provides ‘real life’ context, and/or emotional impact
• Videoing real events and situations: The purpose is to capture an action that cannot be physically brought into the classroom (any outdoor event or situation, trips etc.)
• Presentation/performance skills and feedback: The aim is to capture, review and enhance performance of individuals and groups through reflection and discussion. Recorded perfomances.
• Students create their own video: the most interactive and pedagogically effective variant. Students create their own portfolios, participate in projects on concrete topics and record videos (upload them on the web).
Main processesMain processes• Idea, purpose and scenario• Technical preparation• Flming• Importing video to computer• Editing• Publishing and distributing (usually online)• Embeding videos into learning environments,
blogs, web-pages etc.
Technical preparationTechnical preparation• Charged batteries• Camera(s) in bags• Tapes or flash memory cards• Tripod• Microphones (charged) and properly
adjusted• Light (if needed)
FilmingFilming• Use the tripod!• Follow the scenario ( if you have one)• Make a number of scenes (do not film all the
movie without stop)• Shoot one scene at least 2-3 times (so You can
choose the best one)• Try different compositions and corners, general,
portrait and detailed perspectives.• Film also some cover plans (some neutral objects
around) to insert them in some long or boring places.
• Zooming should be slow and smooth
Imorting your clips to Imorting your clips to computercomputer
• Connect camera to your computer using FireWire or USB cables
• or take out memory card and insert to the card-reader
• Open video editing program• Choose Import video (Capture video, Add video)• Or just copy and paste clips from camera (phone)
to hard disk of the computer.
Editing softwareEditing software• Free and easy to use: Windows Live Movie Maker,
iMovie, Pinnacle VideoSpin, Cinerella• Commercial and professional:Avid – most popular, for PC and MacAdobe Premiere – compatiable with other Adobe
products, for Mac and PC.Pinnacle Studio – easy to use, enough possibilitiesApple Final Cut – professional software for Mac-
platformCyberlink PowerDirector – new, easy to use, PC-
platformCorel VideoStudio – animation, 3D possibilities, PC.
Remember, Remember, commercial software commercial software manufacuters offer manufacuters offer
free trials for 30 days!free trials for 30 days!
Publish your videoPublish your video• Choose the putput file in your video editing
program : wmv in Movie Maker, avi, mov, mpeg2, mpeg4, flv
• Digital video requires a lot of space: 1 frame is 1 MB, 1 hour is 12,9 GB (uncompressed).
• DVD capacity is usually 4 GB• Blu-Ray disks: from 25 GB to 200 GB (good for HD
video)• Make a good quality file for DVD (AVI, MP4, MOV)
and compressed smaller files for web (wmv, flv, mp2)
Compression Compression standardsstandards
• H.264/MPEG-4 Part 10 or AVC : standard for recording, compression, and distribution of high definition video (HDV)
• MPEG-2: lossy compression, used in DV broadcasting (satellite TV), DVD, Blu-Ray.
• MPEG-4: compression of AV data for web (streaming media) and CD distribution, voice (telephone, videophone) and broadcast television applications , Mobile phones (3GP).
Share!Share!• YouTube: www.youtube.com (2 GB, 15 minutes)• Vimeo: www.vimeo.com (500 MB per week, no
time limits)• Veoh: http://www.veoh.com (no time limits, 1 GB
without Veoh Web Player and no limits if You have one!)
• DailyMotion: http://www.dailymotion.com/ (150 MB, 20 minutes)
• TeacherTube: http://teachertube.com/ (100 MB)
Embed!Embed!• Every video channel has embedding oppotunities
(codes).• Copy the code and paste it to Your blog, website,
learning environment in HTML-editor.• Let’s try: http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=nJ0nlh5FU5A• Find and click the Share-button below videoclip
and then Embed-button – you can see the code below, just copy it and paste to Your blog in HTML-view.
If You have some If You have some questions or comments, questions or comments,
get in touch!get in touch!
Veronika RogalevichEducational technologist
Tallinn University Center of [email protected]