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VETIVER SYSTEM PROTECTS ESTUARY DIKES IN THE MEKONG DELTA, VIETNAM Paul Truong TVNI Technical Director Pham Thanh Hai Chief Engineer, Dike Department, Bac Lieu Province, Vietnam June 2015

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Page 1: VETIVERSYSTEMPROTECTS&ESTUARY&DIKES&& … dikes.pdfINTRODUCTION& & &The&estuarine&region&of&the&Mekong&River&in&the&Mekong& Deltaisalowlyingandflatarea,whichissubjectedtodailydal&&

VETIVER  SYSTEM  PROTECTS  ESTUARY  DIKES    IN  THE  MEKONG  DELTA,  VIETNAM  

Paul  Truong  TVNI  Technical  Director    Pham  Thanh  Hai    

Chief  Engineer,  Dike  Department,  Bac  Lieu  Province,  Vietnam    

June  2015  

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INTRODUCTION    

 The  estuarine  region  of  the  Mekong  River  in  the  Mekong  Delta  is  a  low  lying  and  flat  area,  which  is  subjected  to  daily  Ldal    movement.  Thus  rendering  it  an  ideal  locaLon  for  aquaculture,  parLcularly  prawn  (shrimp)  farming.  

   Due  to  its  flat  topography,  dikes  are  needed  to  protect  the  prawn  ponds  from  daily  Ldal    movement,  king  Ldes,  Ldal  surge  during  the  rainy  season  and  occasional  typhoons.  

 These  dikes  are  built  mostly  from  locally  dredged  alluvial  materials,  silt  and  silty  clay,  which  are  highly  erodible.  So  they  are  oSen  breached  and  required  regular  and  costly  maintenance  and  rebuilding.  

   When  properly  implemented  and  maintained,  the  following  presentaLon  clearly  shows  the  effecLveness  of  the  VeLver  System  in  stabilising  and  protecLng  two  dikes:  one  for  12  years  and  another  for  8  years  from  the  adverse  elements  menLoned  above.    

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A  typical  estuarine  flat  at  the  mouth  of  the  Mekong  River  in  the  Mekong  Delta,  with  naLve  vegetaLon:  

Mangrove  on  low  area  and  salt  tolerant  species  on  higher  

ground    

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Established  prawn  ponds  

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New  prawn  ponds  

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This  photo  was  taken  in  June  2007,  four  years  aSer  the  construcLon  of    this  11km  long  dike.  It  was  built  as  a  trial  site  to  determine  the  suitability  of  VS  in  stabilising  its  ba]ers  

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VeLver  grew  well  on  the  sea  facing  (outside)  

ba]er,  which  was  subjected  to  king  Ldes  and  occasional  Ldal  

surges  

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VeLver  grew  well  on  the  inside  ba]er,  which  was  not  

subjected  to  king  Ldes  and  Ldal  surges  

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This  outside  ba]er  was  subjected  to  regular  king  Ldes  and  occasional  Ldal  surges  with  highly  saline  brackish  water  (not  full  strength  sea  water).  

VeLver  survived  and  thrived  under  this  condiLon.    

Water  level  during  king  Lde  

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Eight  Years  Later  

The  same  dike  12  years  aSer  the  construcLon  (8  years  aSer  the  previous  

photos)  showing  excellent  veLver  growth    

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According  to  the  dike  maintenance  engineer,  

veLver  planLng  stabilised  the  ba]ers,  as  well  as  keeping  the  dike  surface  drier  and  firmer  thus  more  stable  during  

the  wet  season      

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Excellent  veLver  growth  on  both  inside  and  outside  ba]ers  

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Excellent  veLver  growth  in  dry  season  and  up  to  2m  tall  in  the  

wet  season  

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Inside  ba]er  

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Outside    ba]er  

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NEW  DIKE  June  2007  

Following  the  success  of  the  trial,  the  local  authority  embarked  on  building  a  much  larger  and  longer  dike:  42km  long,  to  protect  a  

series  of  new  ponds    

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ConstrucLon  of  new  dike  started  in  June  2007  

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Eight  Years  ASer  PlanLng  

 A  very  well  protected  dike  and  stable  road  

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Outside  ba]er  

Inside  ba]er  

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MAINTENANCE        

   It  is  obvious  that  prawn  farmers  benefit  greatly  from  VeLver  

planLng,  it  also  provided  an  economic  incenLve  to  other  farmers  living    along  the  dike.  By  law,  farmers  are  not  allowed  to  dig  up  or  destroy  veLver  plants  but  they  are  free  to  harvest  it  for  their  own  uses  such  as  fodder,  mulch,  thatch  or  string  making  and  burning  to  control  weeds,  as  well  as  grazing  their  stock  on  the  ba]ers.      

   

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VeLver  harvested  for  fodder  in  the  dry  season  

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Regrowth  aSer  harvesLng  even  in  the  

dry  season  

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Burning  to  control  weeds  in  the  dry  season  

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Regrowth  aSer  burning  to  control  weeds    

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Heavily  grazed  in  the  dry  season  

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PLANTING  DESIGN    

 The  recommended  planLng  design  for  ba]ers  like  these  is  one  row  near  the  edge  of  the  road  and  one  at  its  foot.  The  space  in  between  to  be  planted  in  rows  on  contour,  with  VI  between  0.8-­‐1.0m,  depending  on  slope  gradient.    

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 Although  these  photos  show  that  either  the  planLng  was  not  carried  out  as  recommended  or  veLver  died  out,  it  has  successfully  stabilised  these  ba]ers,  indicaLng  that  veLver  root  mass  is  more  important  than  contour  rows  in  stabilising  relaLvely  low  gradient  and  short  slope,  such  as  these  ba]ers.  

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Growth  in  the  wet  season  

Keeping  road  free  from    debris    

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CONCLUSION  AND  RECOMMENDATION    

 When  properly  implemented  and  maintained,  VeLver  System  is  very  effecLve  in  stabilising  and  protecLng  estuarine  dikes  from  the  adverse  elements  commonly  experienced  in  coastal  zone.      

 ParLcipaLon  of  local  populaLon  is  the  key  element  to  its  success.  This  involves  educaLon,  providing  guidelines,  instrucLons  and  support  to  the  local  people.    

 Last  but  not  least,  the  enforcement  of  a  firm  regulatory  program  by  the  local  authority