vert. immunohema(updated 05-2010)

8/2/2019 Vert. Immunohema(Updated 05-2010)

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IMH-CMT-012

TRINITY UNIVERSITY OF ASIACollege of Medical Technology

COURSE OUTLINEIMMUNOHEMATOLOGY

(IMH 100)

INSTRUCTOR : Rene Jesus Alfredo R. Dinglasan, RMT DEPARTMENT :College of Medical Technology CONTACT NUMBER :7022882 loc. 233 / 09062414555E-MAIL : [email protected] HOURS : Wednesdays 9:00 AM 12:00 NN and1:00-4:00 PM

MISSION STATEMENT OF TRINITY UNIVERSITY OF ASIA:

Vision: A premier Christian University in Asia and the Pacifictransforming a Community of learners as leaders towards ahumane society.

Mission: To promote the formation of integrally-developed, competent,productive

and socially responsible citizens by:

instilling Christian Values in all its academic programs, co-curricularand extra-curricular activities

providing effective and efficient services for a quality learningenvironment;

extending our ideals of service learning to our partners byempowering communities to be self-reliant and collaborating withother institutions;

encouraging self-improvement among employees to gain highercompetence and better skills towards service excellence; and

exercising situational and service leadership in the sound managementof our human and material resources.

Core Values: Integrity Teamwork Social

Responsibility Excellence Innovation

GOAL OF THE COLLEGE OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY: To develop Medical technologists imbued with Christian ideals who

deliver compassionate health care services to improve the quality of life ofthe people and communities they serve.

OBJECTIVE OF THE COLLEGE OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY:

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The College of Medical Technology is committed to help prospectivemedical technologists gain knowledge and acquire skills in the theoreticaland practical aspects of Medical Technology. It facilitates training of studentsin developing qualities, attitudes and values needed to become competitiveand effective members of the Health Care Delivery System of the country andthe global community.

COURSE DESCRIPTION: This course deals with the study of immunologicprinciples applied in blood group specific antigens and antibodies and its

application in transfusion medicine. It also deals with mechanisms of bloodtyping and crossmatching, antihuman globulin testing, detection andidentification of antibodies, screening of donors for blood donation, bleedingtechniques, and preparation, storage, and disposal of blood components andblood productsPRE-REQUISITES: Biochemistry, Human Anatomy and Physiology, Medical

Technology Laws and BioethicsPLACEMENT: Fourth Year, First SemesterCOURSE CREDIT: 3 units ( 2 units lecture, 1 unit laboratory)CONTACT HOURS: 3 hours lecture per week, 3 hours laboratory perweek

TERMINAL COMPETENCIES: At the end of the course, the student shouldbe able to:

1. Acquire a deep sense of responsibility and ethical attitudes towardsblood banking practice.

2. Explain the principles and procedures in immunohematology,collection, processing, preservation, storage, distribution of blood andits components and derivatives

3. Accurately perform the techniques of blood typing and compatibilitytesting and other methods in immunohematology

4. Recognize other minor blood group systems and their clinical use.

5. Explain the formation of the A,B and H antigens

6. Explain the concepts in the operation and organization of the bloodbank

7. Demonstrate quality assurance in the performance ofimmunohematology tests

---------------------------------------------------------------CONTENTOUTLINE------------------------------------------------------------

Time Alloted LearningObjectives

Content Assessment

Week 1 At the end of this

unit, the studentshould be ableto:1. Explain the

TUA Mission-Vision and thegoal of theCollege ofMedical

1. Orientation on:

a. the TUA Mission-Visionb. Goals of theCollege of Medical

Technologyc. Course syllabusd. Grading system

2. Historical

Short quiz

Long quizRecitationResearch work

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Technology.

2. Discuss thecontributions ofthe differentscientists whocontributedmuch inimmunohematol

ogy.3. Explain thedefinitions of themore commonlyused terms inimmunohematology.

4. Discuss thefuture trends inimmunohematol

ogy including thenew automatedmethods inblood banking.

5. Explain thebasic principlesin genetics inrelation toimmunohematology.

developments inimmunohematologyand blood transfusionpractice

3. Future trends inimmunohematology

4.Basic principles in

genetics

Week 2 At the end of thisunit, the studentshould be ableto:1. Explain theprinciples inimmunology thatare being usedinimmunohematology.

2. Discuss theuse ofunderstandingthe principles ofimmunology ininterpretingresults in

1. Relationshipbetween immunologyandimmunohematology

2. Detection of redcell antigen-antibodyreactions

3. Antihumanglobulin testing

Short quizLong quizRecitation

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immunohematology.

3. Identify anddescribe themethods used todetect red cellantigen-antibodyreactions.

4. Identify truepositive andnegative resultsin contrast tofalse positiveand negativeresults inhemagglutination reactions.

5. Discuss the

principles ofantihumanglobulin testing.

6. Explain theuses ofantihumanglobulin testingand discussclinicallysignificantresults.

Week 3 At the end of thisunit, the studentshould be ableto:1. Define termsthat are relatedto the ABO bloodgroup system.

2. Explain theinheritance

pattern of theABO blood groupsystem.

3. Discuss theABOimmunodominant sugars on the

1. ABO blood groupsystem

2. ABO typingtechniques

3. Secretor statusdetermination

Short quizLong quizRecitationResearch work

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red cell

surface of thedifferent ABOblood groups.

4. Correlate theforward groupingto the reverse

grouping results.

5. Identify thecauses ofdiscrepanciesbetween theforward andreverse groupingresults.

6. Manifestutmost honesty,

professionalism,and competencyin testing patientspecimens fortheir ABOgrouping.

7. Correlate thesecretor statusresults to theABO bloodgrouping results.

8. Explain theclinicalsignificance ofbeing a non-secretor.

Week 4 At the end of thisunit, the studentshould be ableto:

1. Discuss theclinicallysignificant ABOsubgroups.

2. Analyze bloodgrouping results

1. ABO subgroups

2. ABO variants

3. ABO typingdiscrepancies (groupsI,II,III, IV)


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in order todetermine thepresence of anABO subgroup.

3. Enumeratethe differenttestingtechniques to

determine ABOsubgrouping.

4. Discuss theclinicallysignificant ABOvariants.

5. DifferentiateABO variantsfrom ABO

subgroups.

6. Determine theoccurrence of anABO typingdiscrepancy in ablood groupingresult.

7. Classify thegroup of the ABOtyping

discrepancy.

8. Explain thepossible causesof ABO typingdiscrepanciesand know theresolution ofeach.

Week 5 At the end of thisunit, the studentshould be ableto:1. Trace thehistory of the Rhblood groupsystem.

1. The Rh bloodgroup system

2. Hemolytic diseaseof the newborna. Rh-type vs. ABO-type

Short quizRecitationResearch work

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2. Explain theinheritancepattern of the Rhblood groupsystem.

3. Contrast thebiochemistry of

the Rh systemfrom that of theABO system.

4. Identify themajor antigensin the Rh bloodgroup system.

5. Discuss thecauses ofhemolytic

disease of thenewborn (HDN)in both Rh- andABO-type.

6. Differentiatethe clinicalfeatures seen inthe Rh HDN fromthat of the ABOHDN.

7. Explain theoccurrence ofWeak Dphenomenon incertainindividuals.

8. Differentiatethe groups ofWeak D fromone another.

9. Identify thetests that maybe employed inorder to detectWeak Dphenomenon.

3. Tests for Weak D

4. Rh nomenclatures

5. Rh typingdiscrepancies

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10. Differentiatethe differentnomenclaturesystems of theRh from oneanother.

11. Translateone Rh

nomenclaturesystem toanother.

12. Explain thepossible causesof Rh typingdiscrepanciesand know theresolution ofeach.

PRELIM EXAMINATIONS (covers Wks. 1-5 lessons)Week 7 At the end of this

unit, the studentshould be ableto:1. Compare theformation of ABHantigens withthe formation ofother bloodgroup systems.

2. Discuss theclinicalsignificance ofthe Kidd, Duffy,Kell, P, Lutheran,MNSs, I/i, andLewis bloodgroup systems.

3. Discuss thetechniques

employed toidentify theseblood groupsystems.

1. Other blood groupssystemsa. Kiddb. Duffyc. Kelld. Pe. Lutheranf. MNSsg. I/ih. Lewis

i. Minor blood groups


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4. Understandthe importanceof certain bloodgroup systemsasanthropologicalmarkers.

Week 8 At the end of thisunit, the studentshould be ableto:1. Definecompatibilitytesting andexplain thepurpose ofperforming it.

2. Enumerate

the differenttypes ofcompatibilitytesting andexplain theapplications ofeach type.

3. Compare thefeatures of thedifferent types ofcompatibility

testing, includingspeed of turnaround time,temperaturerequirements,and complexityof resultsinterpretation.

4. Identify thedifferentreagents used

for the differenttypes ofcompatibilitytesting.

5. Explain theprinciples behindthe different

1. Compatibilitytestinga. Definition andpurposeb. Typesc. Principlesd. Factors that affectresults


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types ofcompatibilitytesting.

6. Identify thefactors thatmight lead toerroneouscompatibility

testing results.

Week 9 At the end of thisunit, the studentshould be ableto:1. Understandantibodyformation inrelation to theblood group

systemspreviouslydiscussed.

2. Differentiateantibodyscreening fromantibodyidentification.

3. Explain theprinciples of

antibodyscreening andantibodyidentification.

4. Understandthe importanceof antibodyscreening andidentification intransfusionmedicine.

5. Manifestutmost integrityand competencein performingthe antibodyscreening andidentification

1. Antibody screeningand identification

Short quizLong quizRecitationSeatworkResearch work

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tests.

6. Interpretantibodyscreening andidentificationresults withcareful analysisand critical

thinking skills.

7. Identifyfactors (bothmechanical andclerical) thatmight lead toerroneousresults.

Week 10 At the end of thisunit, the studentshould be able

to:1. Explain thepurpose of RA7719.

2. Understandthe importanceof voluntaryblood donationin ensuring theadequate supplyof safe blood.

3. Recognize theimportant role ofmedicaltechnologists inensuring theadequate supplyof safe blood.4. Discuss thecriteria foraccepting blooddonors and

explain thedifferent deferralcriteria as well.

5. Discuss theproper bloodcollectiontechniques in

1. Voluntary blooddonation (RA 7719)

2. Criteria for theselection of blooddonors

3. Bloodcollection/phlebotomy

4. Blood processing

5. Blood preservationand storage

6. Issuance andtransport of blood

Short quizLong quizRecitation

Research work

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routine bloodbag phlebotomy.

6. Discuss theproperprocessing ofcollected blood,includingappropriate

labeling.

7. Understandthe importanceof proper bloodpreservation andstorage.

8. Identify theappropriatestoragetemperature for

the differentblood products.

9. Discuss theproper issuanceand transport ofblood products,includingrecognizinghospitalprotocols andtransportation

temperature.

MIDTERM EXAMINATIONS (covers Wks. 1-10 lessons)Week 12 At the end of this

unit, the studentshould be ableto:1. Outline theindications of

bloodtransfusionthrough citingcase situations.

2. Differentiatethe variousmethods of

1. Indications ofblood transfusion

2. Methods of bloodtransfusion

3. Blood componentspreparation4. Apheresis

5. Special categoriesof blood transfusion


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bloodtransfusion fromone another.

3. Discuss theprinciples inbloodcomponentspreparation.

4. Discuss theimportance ofseparating wholeblood into itscomponents andexplain theindications ofeachcomponent.

5. Recognize the

proper handlingof bloodcomponents toprevent theircontamination.

6. Explain thepurpose of doingapheresisprocedures.

7. Identify the

donorrequirements inapheresisprocedures.

8. Discuss thedifferentmethods ofdoing apheresisprocedures andexplain theprinciples of

each method.

9. Identify thespecialcategories ofbloodtransfusion anddiscuss the

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indications ofeach.

Week 13 At the end of thisunit, the studentshould be ableto:1. Classify andexplain the

different types oftransfusionreactions.

2. Explain thecommon causesof transfusionreactions.

3. Recognize thecommon signsand symptoms

of transfusionreactions.

4. Identify theappropriateprocedures intransfusionreactioninvestigation.

5. Demonstratecritical thinking

skills ininvestigating thecauses oftransfusionreactions.

1. Transfusionreactionsa. Classificationb. Signs andsymptomsc. Investigation


Week 14 At the end of thisunit, the studentshould be ableto:1. Explain thecauses ofautoimmune

hemolyticanemia.

2. Discuss theadverse effectsof autoimmunehemolyticanemia.

1. Autoimmunehemolytic anemiaa. Causesb. Effectsc. Detection tests

Short quizRecitation

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3. Identify thetests that maybe employed todetermineautoimmunehemolyticanemia.

SEMI-FINAL EXAMINATIONS(covers Wks. 1-14 lessons)Week 16 At the end of this

unit, the studentshould be ableto:1. Discuss thedifferent qualitycontrolprocedures inorder tomaintain theaccuracy of

results and toensure thesafety of bloodproducts.

2. Discuss thedifferent controlmaterials usedto ensure qualityof results.

3. Synthesize a

basic blood bankorganizationalstructure.

1. Quality assurancein the blood bank

2. Blood bankorganization

Short quizResearch work

Week 17 At the end of thisunit, the studentshould be ableto:1. Enumeratethe variousapplications ofblood grouptesting in

medico-legalcases.

2. Demonstratecritical thinkingskills in solvingthe differentproblems in

1. Medico-legalapplications of bloodgroups

2. Case analyses ofcommonlyencounteredproblems in bloodbanking

Short quizLong quizResearch work

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blood banking.

3. Integrate allthe theorieslearned toformulate theanswers in thecase analyses.

FINAL EXAMINATION (covers Wks. 1-17)

References:

1. Blaney K.D. and P.R. Howard. Concepts of Immunohematology 2nd

edition. USA: Mosby, 2008.

2. Department of Health (DOH). Manual of Standards for Blood Banksand Blood Centers in the Philippines. Manila: DOH, 1996.

3. Hilyer, Christopher et.al. Blood Banking and Transfusion Medicine:Basic Principles and Practice 2nd edition. USA: Churchill Livingstone,2006.

4. McPherson Richard A. and Matthew R. Pincus. Henrys Clinical

Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. 21st edition.Philadelphia: Elsevier Inc., 2007.

5. Murphy MF, D. Weatherall and Pamphilon DH. Practical TransfusionMedicine. 2nd edition. USA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2005.

6. Rudmann, Sally. Textbook of Blood Banking and Transfusion.USA: Elsevier, 2005.

Textbook:1. Harmening, Denise. Modern Blood Banking and TransfusionPractices. 5th edition. Thailand: Book Promotion and Service Co., Ltd.,

2005.

POLICIES ON ATTENDANCE AND EXAMINATIONS:1.Attendance (Absences and Tardiness)a. All students are required to attend all scheduled class meetings.b. All students who come after the first day of classes, whether they haveregistered long before, shall be considered absent for the classes they havemissed.c. Instructors will decide on the admission of students who appear in their classesfor the first time after the second week of the semester even if they had

registered long before the semester started.d. Instructors shall not admit students who have been absent for two (2)consecutive meeting days or who are often absent, without an admission slipduly signed by the College Dean. They shall warn the students about theirirregular attendance.e. A students shall be dropped on his 8 th unexcused absence in a 3-unit subject.Likewise, a student who has been absent for five (5) or more unexcused times ina 5-unit subject shall be dropped. In cases of 1.c

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1.e., instructors may or may not give a grade to the student depending onthe latters academic performance prior to dropping from the class, and shallinform the College Dean and the Registrar of this decision.f. A student is given a 15-minute grace period for a 1.5-hour class and a 30-minute grace period for a 3-hour class. A student is marked tardy if he arrives inthe classroom within the first 15 or 30 minutes after the class has started, andabsent if he arrives after the first 15 or 30 minutes of the class.g. Three tardy marks are equivalent to one (1) absence. In addition, a studentwho leaves the classroom without permission from the instructor shall be markedabsent.

2. Admission from absence and attendance reporta. All reasons for an absence must be supported by a letter signed by a physicianin case of serious illness, or by the head of the family or guardian who must alsoindicate his contact numbers and city address. The instructor who will indicatewhether the absence is excused or unexcused will acknowledge this.b. The College through the faculty has the right to request the UniversityPhysician to examine any student who claims sickness as a reason for absence ifthe sickness is certified by an outside physician.

c. A fraudulent excuse letter submitted to the instructor will be referred to thediscipline committee of the CMT for investigation and corresponding action.d. All work covered during the absence shall be made to the satisfaction of theinstructor within a reasonable time.e. Instructor must submit to their College Dean an attendance report on studentswho have incurred a number of absences worthy of warning. The College Deanin turn submits a copy to the Dean of the Students for proper notification ofparents.

3. Quizzes and Major Examinationsa. Schedules of quizzes are within the discretion of the instructor. It may begiven before and/or after a course topic is discussed.b. No special quiz shall be given to any student who have been marked tardy orabsent.c. Schedules of preliminary, mid-term, semi-final and final examinationexaminations are based on the university academic calendar. Schedules of themajor exams and the topics that will be covered are announced during classorientation.d. A student will not be allowed to take any major exam without presenting hisexam permit issued by the University Accounting Office.e. During examinations, student must not leave their assigned places without thepermission of the faculty member or proctor-in-charge. Test papers or testbooklets should be distributed to students in the examination room only.f. A student who shall be caught talking during examination, possessingtextbooks or notes (unless authorized by the instructor or proctor), giving or

receiving information using the cellphone, or any attempt of communication,shall be given proper disciplinary action by the discipline committee of theCollege of Medical Technology.g. Instructors are not obliged to give special or late examination to a student whofails to take any major exam at the regular scheduled time, regardless of thereason, except grave illness or upon a written request approved by the CollegeDean.h. In case a student (who was absent during the regular examination day) is notpermitted to take special/late major examinations because his/her reason is

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invalid, he/she will be given the lowest score based from the over-allperformance of the students taking up the subject.i. A fee of one hundred pesos (P100.00) shall be paid to the Cashier for eachspecial and/or late examination requested by the student.

j. Students caught cheating in any examination, quiz or major test, will bepenalized with a grade of 5.00 in the subject, and will be dropped from theclass itself. Passing any assigned report, research paper, case analysis and thelike as ones own work, when copied from another person is also penalized asstated.

GRADING SYSTEM

Lecture = 60 %

Class standing = 60%Quizzes 40%Recitation, assignments, seatwork 20%

Major exams = 40%

Lecture Final Grade is computed as follows:Midterm Grade = 40%

Tentative Final Grade = 50%Attendance = 10%

100%

*To compute for the midterm grade:Quizzes = 40%Individual Participation (examples: assignments, projects, seatworks) =

20%MAJOR EXAMINATIONS (prelims+midterms) = 40%

100% (then multiply by 0.40 to get

midterm grade for the computation of theImmunohematology Final Lecture Grade)

* To compute for the tentative final grade:Quizzes = 40%Individual Participation (examples: assignments, projects, seatworks) =

20%MAJOR EXAMINATIONS (semifinals+finals) = 40%

100% (then multiply by 0.50 to gettentative final grade for the computation of theImmunohematology Final Lecture Grade)

Laboratory = 40 %

Performance = 35%Class standing = 65%

Major examinations 15%Practical Examinations 20%Quizzes 10%Laboratory manual (neatness and completeness) 10%

Attendance 10%

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Other requirements of this course:Modern Blood Banking and Transfusion Practices, 5th editionby

Denise Harmening or the TUA Library cardLaboratory manual, quiz notebook, and recitation card (index card)Laboratory gowns

STUDENT CONDUCT:The following must be observed by the students in class as well as around thecampus:1. The students are required to wear the prescribed uniform for 4th year (firstsemester)medical technology

students, which includes the following:a. For males, black pants, white polo with name plate, and black

shoes. Theundershirt must be plain white.

b. For females, white skirt and blouse with name plate, and blackshoes.

2. Students are required to observe the proper haircut or hairstyle set by thediscipline committee of the

College of Medical Technology, which is:a. For males, short clean-cut hair. Loud-colored hair dye and spike

hair-do are notallowed.

b. For females with long hair, back-tie and maintain it neatly. Forthose with short

hair, apply a hairclip on the bangs and maintain it neatly.3. Wearing real or custom jewelry is discouraged.4. Cellular phones are advised to be placed in silent mode during lecture andlaboratory class hours.5. The ID must be worn at all times inside the campus.

STUDENT RESPONSIBILITIES:1. Students are expected to attend their classes punctually and regularly.2. The course outline given during class orientation shall serve as guide in

terms of the topics for lecture, recitation, quizzes and major exams.Students are expected to read it for compliance.

3. Students are expected to participate during class interactive discussionand read journals from the library pertaining to each course topic.

4. Students who are not able to attend the class due to sickness or any otherreason, are accountable for gathering the lecture notes made during thediscussion. Photocopying of the lecture acetate and/or copying of powerpoint presentation made by the instructor are discouraged.

5. An admission slip duly signed by the College Dean shall be presented tothe instructor by a student who are absent in the previous meeting, to beaccepted in the succeeding lecture class.

6. A student who is not able to take major exam on the specified day isresponsible for informing his instructor on the reason for absences. If thestudent fails to inform his instructor immediately after reporting to the

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class, he will no longer be given special examination, regardless of thereason.

7. Students are expected to use light, ventilation and water properly. Lightsand ventilation are to be turned off after the class and when there are noclasses.

8. Students are expected to constantly check the CMT bulletin board for anyannouncement pertaining to the course and schedule of major writtenexaminations.

Revisions:1. Content outline (inclusion of learning objectives, assessment and revisionof contents)

2. Consultation hours3. Contact number of instructor

Prepared by:

Rene Jesus Alfredo R. Dinglasan, RMTImmunohematology Instructor

Reviewed by:

Ma. Teresa Rodriguez, RMT, MAEd, MSMTAcademic Head

Approved by:

Dr. Stephen Francis S. BaldoDean

Date revised: May 2010

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vert. immunohema(updated 05-2010)

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