Project Presentation

2 x 25 MW COAL FIRED POWER

PLANT

EXECUTIVE SUMMERY

MENTAWIR ENERGY

( Coal Mining and Coal Fired Power Plant 2 x 25 MW

)

Submitted By :

PT. PRAKARSA MITRA ABADI

Balikpapan , East Kalimantan, Indonesia.

1.OVERVIEW OF INDONESIAN ELECTRICITY

Indonesia’s Current Electricity Condition

a) Total Installed Capacity : 50,655 MW * PLN : 35,965.05 MW - 71 %

* IPP : 10,131.00 MW - 20 %

* PPU : 02,026.20 MW - 04 %

* OP Non Oil : 02,532.75 MW - 05 %

b) Current Electrification Ratio : 80.51 %

c) Electricity Consumption(2013): 188 TWh

d) Demand Growth : 8.4% per Year

(7.8% in 2013)

e) Villagers are living under : 230 million

unelectrified areas/ no access people to country’s

electric grid status

f) Total Investment in Power : +/- USD 7.16

Sector Billion (2012)

d) Fuel use Ratio for Power Generation

- Coal : 51.6 %

- Gas : 23.6 %

- Oil : 12.5 %

- Hydro : 7.9 %

- Geothermal : 4.4 %

d) Electricity Consumption Ratio (188 TWh-2013)

- Household : 41.0 %

- Industry : 34.0 %

- Business : 19.0 %

- Public : 6.0 %

INSTALLED ELECTRICITY CAPACITY &

CONSUMPTION 2009-2022

NATIONAL ELECTRICITY DEMAND

2013 - 2022

DEVELOPMENT PLANNING ON POWER GENERATION

2013 - 2022

GOVERNMENT’S FAST TRACK PROGRAM (FTP) - PHASE II

2013 - 2022

STRUCTURE OF NATIONAL TRANMISSION LINE

Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN) PLN (Perusahaan Listrik Negara , in english State Electricity Company )

is an Indonesian government-owned corporation which has a monopoly on

elctricity generation and distribution in Indonesia.

INDIPENDENT POWER PRODUCERS (IPP)

•An Indipendeent Power Producer (IPP) is an entity, which is privately held

facilities to generate electric power from various source for sale to PLN

and end users.

•Private sector partnership is allowed through Independent Power

Producer (“IPP”) arrangements.

•IPP appointment is usually through competitive bidding except in certain

circumstances (e.g. for renewable energy, mine-mouth, crisis, marginal

gas, or expansion projects) in which case appointment can be direct.

•The structure involves the IPP signing an Energy Sales Agreements or

Power Purchase Agreement with PLN to produce electric power and

supply PLN electricity at an agreed price for an agreed period.

PLN’s PROCUREMENT METHODS

PLN procures new Indipendent Power Projects (IPP) under following

strategic programmes :

•Fast Track II Programme which consist of 10,147 MW of new projects

and reserved 3097 MW projects for IPPs, consisting of coal , gas,

geothermal and hydro technologies.

•Puiblic Private Partnership ((PPP) programme. Under this programme

,Central Java project of 2000 MW unltra-super cretical coal fire power plant

has beed procured.

Mine-Mouth Procurement Methods :

PLN also procures IIPs projects outside of the above

mentioned programmes of Fast Track II Programme

and Public Private Partnership Programme, and

currently PLN include a variety of coal mine-mouth

projects.

The procurement method has a bearing on the type of

incentives offered for the projects , including the

availability of a Government guarantee.

Tender Process

Indipendent Power Projects (IPPs) can be procured

under one of two different tender processes - direct

appointment or public auction.

The direct appointment process is restricted to

renewable projects, Coal mine-mouth projects,

purchase of excess power and situations where the

local power system is in critical condition. In addition,

the direct appointment must be approved by the MEMR.

INVESTMENT SCHEME

(GOVERNMENT REGULATION NO. 14/2012 ON ACTIVITY OF

ELECTRICITY PROVISION BUSINESS)

MINE-MOUTH POWER GENERAQTION

•Mine-Mouth coal fired power plant utilize coal which economically

more feasible for mine-mouth power plant;

•Mine-Mouth coal fired power plant must be guaranteed by the coal

availability during operation based on contract;

•The power plant is near by the coal mining.

•The supply of coal for the development of the mine-mouth power

plant is conducted based on a coal sale agreement between a

mining company and a mine-mouth power plant company.

• Coal base price is simply production cost plus a 25 % margin.

• Coal price for a mine-mouth power plant is price calculated at the

stockepile facility selling point of mine-mouth power plant.

• A Coal Mining Company can only submit a coal sale price offer to a

mine mouth power plant after it has obtained approval of its coal base

price from the DGMC.

• Coal mining companies that supply coal for mine-mouth power plant can

be holders of mining business license (IUPs / Special Mining Business

License) for Operation and production.

• Non mine-owning companies ( e.g Coal Traders) cann’t be coal

suppliers to the mine-mouth power plants.

• The Coal mining company that supplier coal for mine-mouth power

plant mush have a minimum of 10% shares in the mine-mouth power

projects.

The Investment Law :

Indonesian Investment law is providing a one-stop

investment framwork for investors. This includes key

investor guarantees nsuch as the right to freely

repatriate foreign currency, and key incentives such as

exemptions from import duties and VAT otherwise due

on the import of capital goods, machines or equipments

for production need.

Negative List :

The Negative List imposes maximum limits of foreign

owership for various categories of business activity.

95% foreign ownership is permitted for power

generation projects above 10 MW. The remaining 5%

must be held by Indonesian entities or individuals

Power Purchase Agreement (PPA)

PLN does not use one standard form PPA. Rather, the

form ofthe PPA evolves from project to project, with

most projects containing a generally similar risk

allocation. Developer;s and lenders have become

comfortable with the typical risk features of the PPA.

POWER WHEELING at Free of Cost

As per the newly issued Government Regulation (GR)

No. 23/2014 on the Amendment to the GR No.14/2012

on Power Provision Business Activities, Power-

Wheeling scheme that will allow IPP to send electricity

to industrial users / smelters using PLN transmission

line without any cost

Land

Land acquisition is an important issue for power

projects. PLN generally expects developers to acquire

all of the land needed for the plant site and the

transmission lines needed to connect the plant to the

nearest substation.

As foreign owned companies cannot hold unregistered

land or Rights of Ownership, land which is unregistered

or in theform of Right of Ownership must first be

converted into either a Right of Building or a Right of

Use.

Forestry

Indonesian law distinguishes between conservation

forests, protected forests and production forests; the

latter category being forest areas having the main

function of producing wood products. Power projects

are permitted in production forests and since 2010, are

permitted in protected forests. Project developers,

however, must obtain a Forest Borrow Permit (Ijin

Pinjam Pakai) from the Ministry of Forestry to “borrow”

the forest area for this purpose.

Permits

An Indonesian power project is subject to an extensive

list of permits from a variety of Government

departments and ministries. The main permits that a

power project developer is required to obtain are:

• Registration with the Investment Coordinating Board

for the establishment of the project company and

Investment Principal License

• Business License or Izin Usaha

• Approval of the environmental impact assessments or

Analisis Mengenai Dampak Lingkungan (AMDAL)

• Location Permit (Izin Lokasi), which allows the

Company to procure the land that is required for the

project from a third party (by way of sale and purchase

or relinquishment) or from the state.

• Electricity Business License (izin Usaha Penyediaan

Tenaga Listrik or IUPTL)

• Certificate of Operation Worthiness (Sertifikat Laik

Operasi or SLO).

If a project company seeks finance from the

international lending community, it is likely to have to

comply with established environmental standards such

as the Equator Principles or the IFC environmental

standards.

Project Overview Project Overview Project Overview

PROJECT at GLANCE

1. Plant Type : Mine Mouth Categorized

Coal Fired Power Plant

2. Plant Capacity : 50 MW ( 2 x 25 MW)

3. Total Area Proposed: 50 Hectares

-30 hectares - Project Dev.,

-20 Hectares - Afforestation.

4. Location : Wonosari Village &

Kel. Mentawir,

5. District / Kab. : Sepaku, Penajam

Paser Utara

6. Project Cost : USD 117.50 Million.

7. Capacity of Boilers : 2 x 110 T/H

8. Fuel Type / Source : Coal resource from own

Mines which is laying on

the Village of Wonosari

and Kelurahan Mentawir.

INTRODUCTION

About The Proposed Coal-fired Power Plant

•The proposed plant will consist of two sub-critical 25

MW circulating Fluidised Bed Combustors (CFBC)

boilers with two 25 MW steam turbines with Water

Cooled Condenser (WCC). The plant will use run of

coal from PMA Coal mine .

•This plant is expected to take 16 -20 months to

construct and will operate in 2017. The plant will last at

least 30 years.

•The plant will consume :

• 291.600 tons of low ash , low grade coal a year

(average energy content of 5200kCal/kg) and 8.7

millions tons for 30 years of project life time.

• will have an ash content of between 6% -10% , a

volatiles content of between 36% and 40%

• The plant will require 280 cu. meter an hour of water ,

for the.The source of water will be collected from

Mentawir River. The Plant will operate 24 hours a

day, with load factor of 90%.

• The proposed power plant project will be

implemented through the establishment of

Indonesian legal entity namely “PT. MENTAWIR

ENERGI “ as a Mine-Mouth power plant company.

• The supply of coal for the proposed 2 x 25 MW mine-

mouth power plant will be provided by PT. Prakarsa

Mitra Abadi ( PMA Coal) which is holder of 1566

hectares of coal mining business License (IUP) for

operation and production.

Salient Feature of the Coal Mine

1. Detailes of Coal Mine of PT. Prakarsa Mitra Abadi

1.1 Mine Location : Kel. Mentawir dan Desa

Wonosari, Kec. Sepaku,

Kab. PPU, KALTIM

1.2.(a) Coal Mine Licenses & Permits :

- SKIP dated 31st October 2008

- PU , 2186 Ha. , dated 08 January 2009

- IUP Exploration , 2186 Ha., dt 08 December 2009

- IUP Exploration – (Extention), 1704 Ha.,10 May’2011

- IUP Exploration – (Extention), 1566 Ha.,00 Jan’2013

- IUP Operation Production, 1566 Ha.,09 April’2013

1.3. Coal Quiality , Specification with Ultimate & Ash

Analysis

1.4. Hauling Road : 11 Kms

1.5. Estimated Reserves : 24.4 millions tonnes

1.6. FeasibilityStudy : Ready

1.7. Enviro. Clearance : Ready

1.8. CnC Certificate : Under Process

1.9. Land Ownership : Forestry

1.10. Land Lease : Under process

2. Study on Construction of mine-mouth Power

Plant

2.1 Study Area : Kel. Mentawir, Kec. Sepaku,

Sub District Penajam Paser

Utara, Kaltim.

2.2.(a) Permits : Surat Keterangan Izin Survey

No. 027/422.TU.P/XI/2008

from Local Government,

Bupati Penajam Paser Utera,

dated 03 November 2008.

2.2. (b) Permit : Perpanjangan Surat

Keterangan Izin Survey

No. 6712/480-TU-PIM/XII/2008

from Local Government,

Bupati Penajam Paser Utera,

dated 03 December 2008.

2.2. (c) Permit : Perpanjangan Surat

Keterangan Izin Survey

No.671.2/600-TU-PIM/XII/2008

from Local Government,

Bupati Penajam Paser Utera,

dated 31 December 2008.

2.2. (d) Permit : Surat Keterangan Izin Survey

No. 072/57-TU-PIM/II/2009

from Local Government,

Bupati Penajam Paser Utera,

dated 04 Februari 2009.

2.3 Land Availability: 50 Hectares

3. Accessibility

3.1. Nearest Highway : 5-8 kms Surat

3.2. Nearest Airport : 44 kms.

3.3. Nearest City : Balikppapan City

3.4. Nearest Sea Port : 55 kms

3.5. Nearest Water Body : River – 2 kms

3.6. Nearest River Port : 10 kms – 12 kms

3.7. Nearest Village : Semoi II - 5 km

3.8. Archaeologically Impotant : None with in 10 kms

3.9. Historically Important Site :None with in 10 kms

3. 10. Sanctuaries / National :None within 10 kms

4. Village Adption under Corporate Social

Responsibility Programs

The project covers the adoption of 2 villages (Wonosari

and Semio II ) and 1 kelurahan (Mentawir) in and

arround the project area, which aim at achieving greater

balance between social development and economic

development , and provide the basic needs of people to

enrich their quality life under Corporate Social

Responsibility programs.

4.1 Implementing Corporate Social Responsibility

(CSR ) Programs

4.1.1 Distribution of Purified Drinking Waters : Under

the CSR Programs, Project is covered the commitment

to distribute purified water for 2 villages of Semoi II &

Wonosari and 1 Kelurahan of Mentawir

Fund Allocation :

Capital : USD 10.000

Maintenance : USD 2500 per Month

.

4.1.2 Rural Electrification : Under the CSR Programs,

Project is covered the commitment to implement Rural

Electrification (RE) commitment for 2 villages (Semoi II

and Wonosari) in kel Mentawir. About 350 houses in

those villages are having no access to government

electrification grid .

Fund Allocation :

Capital : USD 300.000

Maintenance : USD 2500 per Month

4.1.3 Free Electricity : Under the CSR Programs,

Project is cover the commitment to provide free

Electricity to all 350 houses (free 100 units per house

/month basis) in 2 villages of Semoi II & Wonosari, and

all 100 Houses in Kelurahan Mentawir.

Fund Allocation :

Capital : USD 25.000

Value of Electricity : 350 House x 100 Units pe month x

USD 0.091 per unit (PLN price)

= 35.000 Units x USD 0.091

= USD 31.850

Maintanance : USD 10.000

4.1.4 Free Rice Distribution : Under the CSR

Programs, Project is covered the commitment to

distribute Free 10 kgs of Rice per house basis for all

350 houses in 2 villages of Semoi II and Wonosari.

Fund Allocation :

Maintenance : USD 5000 per Month

4.1.5 Free food for all School Students : Under the

CSR Programs, Project is covered the commitment to

provide free brench for all students studing in schools

which are locating with in kel. Mentawir, village

Wonosari, and village Semoi II. Food distribution will be

implemented through local government approval and

food will be provided in all schools.

Brench: Shredded Chicken Porridge – 1 Bowl (720 gram)

Boiled Egg - 1 Egg

Fund Allocation :

Maintenance : USD 15000 per

Month

4.1.6 Free Live Stocks Distribution : Under the CSR

Programs, Project is covered the commitment to

distribute Free 1 Cow per house basis and provide

facilitate to manage all livestocks in a single formland

and generate income from sale of milk and organic

fertilizers, and divide the income and distribute evenly to

350 houses.

Fund Allocation :

Capital : (350 Baby Cows x USD 750)

: USD 262.000

Maintenance : USD 10.000 per Month

4.1.7 Agriculture Development : Under the CSR

Programs, Project is covered the commitment to

develope 700 hectares of lands (include villagers land)

to suitable atmosphire for padi cultivation under 2

hectares per house management basis. Seedling padi

and fertilizers will be provided to the villagers against

buy back agreement . This agriculture activity enable

assured income generation from agriculture for each

families in the villages.

Fund Allocation :

4.2. Prioritizing provide employement to local

villagers and the use Indonesian Manpower

with social security contribution arrangments

through Jamsostek , a Government controlled

pension&retirement fund.

4.3. Establishing a Safe and Healthy Working

Environments.

5. Environmental Monitoring Program :

This Project is covered the commitment to carryout

monitoring of various environmental mparameters on a

regular basis to ascetain the following :

a) State of Pollution within the project site and in its

vicinity.

b) Generate data for predictive or collrective

purpose in respect of pollution.

c) Examine the efficiency of Pollution Control

System installed in the complex

d) To assess and monitor environmental impacts.

Fund Allocation : USD 20.000 per month

PROJECT DESCRIPTION

The Mentawir Energy provide approximately 50 MW of

electrical production capacity to the site. Thi site is

located in Kel. Mentawir and village Wonasari, Sepaku

sub district, Penajam Paser Utara district. , about 60

kms away from Balikpapan City (International Airport

City) and 18 kms away from Manggarsari 150 kv

substation. Refere to the site map shown in Figure -1.1

.

The power plant will expanded to a combined cycle

facility in the future so some balance of plant support

systems will need be sized to accomodate the future

expansion in addition to current requirements.

The intended operating mode for the simple CFPP will

be base load opearation. Raw water is will be collected

from nearest river tank using three water supply

pumps which will transport the river water to the site

water pond.

The water treatment system will be provided for the

plant to provide trated utility water , portable water and

demineralized water.

The Coal is main fuel for the plant . The coal will be

supplied from the own coal mine concession of PMA

Coal.

The consumption of coal for the plant is estimated

about 291.600 metric tons for every year and

5.750.000 metric tons for total project life time of 25

years.

Coal Fired Power Plant

There are basically Seven main units of coal fired

power plant:

1.Coal Handling Plant

2.Water Tratment Plant

3.Boiler Maintanance Division

4.Turbine Maintenance Division

5.Generator

6.Switch Yard

7.Environment Protection Division.

1. Coal Handling Plant

The function of coal handling plant is automatic

feeding of coal to the boiler furnance.

This plant may require around 810 tons per day.

Coal is conveyed from stock yard to hopper

through conveyor system and grounded to a very

fine powder by large metal spheres in the

pulverized fuel mill.

1.1 Ausilaries of Coal Handling Plant

(a) Conveyor Belt

(b) Viberating Feeder : The coal stored in a

huge hub is collected on the belt through

vibrations created by the vibrating feeder.

(c) Magnetic Separator : These are used to

separate the ferrous impurities from the coal.

(d) Metal detector : These are detect the

presence of any ferrous and non-ferrous metal

in the coal.

(e) Reclaim hopper : Reclamation is a

process of taking coal from the dead storage

for preparation of further feeding of reclaim

hoppers.

(f) Coal Conveyor : This is a belt type of

arrangement where coal is transportede from

coal storage place in power plant to the place

near by boiler.

(g) Stoker :

The coal which is brought near by boiler has to

put in boiler furnance for combustion. This

stoker is a mechanical device for feeding coal to

a furnace.

(h) Pulverizer : The coal is put in the boiler

after pulverization. For this pulverizer is used.

A pulverizer is a device for grinding coal for

compution in the power plant.

2. Water Treatment Plant (WTP)

The water treatment plant is required at the water from

river can’t be directly used in boiler for power plant.

Water is converted into steam at high pressure & it is

allowed to force turbine rotated and the electricity is

generated. Therefore water is the basic requirement to

the power plant. Generally in the power plant is

employed to refine the water.

2. (a) Necessity of Water Treatment.

Natural water conmtains soild , liquid & gasseous

impurities and therefore this water cant be used for

generation of steam in the boiler.

The different effect introduced due to use of unrated

water in the boiler. So, the water impurities should be

removed before its used as a steam.

2. (b) Flocculate Plant :

Here Alum is added to water to precipitate dust

particles in water . Aluminium in Alum neutralizes

change dust particle & this gives result to a heavy

complex compund which is settled.

2. (c) Auxiliaries of W.T.P:

i) Sand Filter : These stages of sand filter are

put accross the flow so as to remove other

suspended particle , if any.

ii) Activated Carbon Filter : This filter is

employed for removal of bacteria and organic

material. Here anthracite (coal) is uses for filter.

iii) Cation Exchanger : At this stage ions are

abserved by ion exchanger method , HCL and

negative resin are principle ingredient of this

chemical filter.

iv) Mixed Bed Exchanger : Here remaining a

negative ion is removed that is extracted

through resin.

The D.M ( De mineralized) water is now ready which

has some properties:

Conductivity : 0.03 to 0.5 (micro / cm2)

PH : 6.5

Silica : 0.02 ppm

Hardness : NIL

3. Boiler Maintenance Division (B.M.D)

3. (a). Boiler : Thermal energy released by

combustion of fuel is transferred to water, which

vaporizes and gets converted water into stea, .The

boiler is a rectangular furnance about 50 ft (15 m) on

aside and 130 ft ()40 m) tall. Its walls are made of a

web of high pressure steel tubes about 2.3 inches

(60mm) in diameter.

The thermal radiation of the fireball heats the water

that circulates through the boiler tubes near the boiler

perimeter. The water circulation rate in the boiler is

there to four times the throughput and is typically

driven by pumps. As the water in the boiler circulates it

absorbs heat

And changes into steam at 370 degree cencious and

1276 psi (8.8 Mpa) . Here the steam is superheated to

520 deg C to prepare it for the turbine. The steam

generating boiler has to produce steam at the high

purity, pressure and temperature required for the

steam turbine that drives the electrical generator.

Number of Transformer 1 piece per unit

Ambient Temperature 30 degree Cel.

Elevation Relative Humidity 85%

Boiler Type & Model CFBC

Boiler Efficiency (Apprx) 92.41%

Main Fuel Coal

Evaporation Capacity 2 x 110 T / H

Turbine Type Non-Reheat Single Cylinder

Steam Flow 100 ton / h

Steam Temperature 520 degree Cel.

Steam Pressure 8.8 Mpa

Gross Output 2 x 25 MW

Auxilary Power (Approx) 4.5 MW

Net Plant Heat Rate 2685 kcal /kWh

Boiler Specification

4. Turbine Maintenance Department (T.M.D)

In a typical larger power stations, the steam turbines

are split into three seperate stages, the first being the

High Pressure (HP) , the second the Intermediate

Pressure (IP) and the third the Low Pressure (LP)

stage, where high , intermediate and low describe the

pressure of the steam. After the steam has passed

through the HP stage, its is returned to the boiler to be

re-heated to its original temperature although the

pressure remains greatly reduced. The reheated

steam then passes through the IP stage and finally to

the LP stage of turbine.

Type Single Casing, non-reheat

Condensing, extraction type

Rotation 3000 rpm

Vapor Pressure 8.8 Mpa

Temperature Steam 510 degree Cel.

Capacity per Unit 25 MW ( Gross Output)

Steam Turbine Specification

A distinction is made between “impulse” and “reaction”

turbine designs based on the relative pressure drop

accross the stage.

There are two measures for pressure at the stage exit

divided by the pressure at the stage entrance.

Reaction is percentage is entropic enthalpy drop

across the rorating blade or bucket compared to the

total stage enthalpy drop. Some manufacturers utilize

percent pressure drop across stage to define reaction.

4. (a) Steam Property

At High Pressure (H.P) Turbine :

Entrance Pressure : 130 Kg/ cm2

Entrance Temperature : 535 – 540 degree

Celcious Exit Pressure : 26 kg/cm2

Exit Temperature : 340 degree Celcious

At Intermediate Pressure (IH.P) Turbine :

Entrance Pressure : 24 kg/ cm2 .

Entrance Temperature : 535 degree Celcious

Exit Pressure : 1.02 kg/cm2

Exit Temperature : 140 degree Celcious

5. GENERATORS

The Steam turbine is coupled to an electrical

generators ( Alternator) . An electric generator

(alternator) is a machine which converts mechanical

energy into electrical energy. This energy conversion is

based on the principle of the production of dynamically

induced e.m.f is produced in it according to faraday’s

law, “where a conductor is moving in a magnetic field

then it cuts magnetic flux and there were an E.M.F (

Electro Magnetic Force) produced, which is called

induced E.M.F”

The electricity output from the generator is delivered to

the bus bars through transformer , circuit breakers and

isolators.

Basic Capacity 2 X 31.25 MVA

Installed Capacity 2 X 25 MW

Capacity Factor (CF) 0.8 lag

Primary Voltage 11 kV

Basic Frequency 50 Hz

Number of Phases 3

Synchronous Round 3000 rounds per minute

Cooling Method Closed Cycle Air

Insulation Class F with temp.increase class B

Generator Secification

Transformer Type Outer pair space , oil dip

Number of Phase 3

Number of Turns 2

Basic Capacity 31.5 MVA

Tension 6.3 kV to 150 kV

Refreigeration ONAF / ONAF

Number of Transformer 1 piece per unit

Transformer Specifications

5. (a) Condenser

Steam after rotating steam turbine comes to the

condenser. Condenser here to the shell and tube heat

exchanger (or surface condenser) installed at the oulet

of every steam turbine in thermal power stations.

The purpose of condenser is to condense the outlet

steam from steam turbine to get the condensed in the

form of pure water.This water is then pumped back to

boiler.

5. (b) Cooling Towers :

The condensate (water ) formed in the condenser after

condensation is initially at high temperature. This hot

water is passed to cooling towers. It is a tower or

building like device in which atmospheric air ( the heat

receiver) circulates in direct or indirect contact with

warmer water ( the heat source) and the water is

thereby cooled. A cooling tower may serve as the heat

sink in a conventional thermodynamic process, such

as refrigeration , and when it is convenient or desirable

to make final heat rejection to atmospheric air, and

then cooled, is recirculated through the system ,

affording, economical operation of the process.

6. SWITCHYAD

A switch yard is apart of an electrical generation and

transmission system. Switch yard transform voltage

from high to low, or the reverse, or perform any of

several other important fuctions.

As we know that the electrical energy cant be stored

like cells, so what we generate should be consumed

instantaneously. But, as the load is not constants

therefore we generate electricity according to need i.e

generation depand upon load. The yard is the place

from where the electricity is send outside. It has both

outdoor and indoor equipments.

6. (a) Outdoor Equipments

i) Busd Bar

ii) Lightening Arrester

iii) Breaker

iv) Capacitative Voltage Transformer

v) Earthing Rod

vi) Current Transformer

vii) Potential Transformer

6. (b) Indoor Equipments

i) Relays

ii) Control Pannels

iii) Circuit Breakers

i)

6. (a) Outdoor Equipments

i) Busd Bar

ii) Lightening Arrester

iii) Breaker

iv) Capacitative Voltage Transformer

v) Earthing Rod

vi) Current Transformer

vii) Potential Transformer

6. (b) Indoor Equipments

i) Relays

ii) Control Pannels

iii) Circuit Breakers

7. Environment Protection Division.

7.1. Ash Handling Plant : This plant use some

conveyor arrangement to collect ash produced by

the boiler and carry the ash to dumnp sitee /

disposal site.

7.2. Electrostatic Precipitator : It is a device which

removes dust or other finely divided particles from

flue gages by charging the particles inductively

with electric field, then attracting them to highly

charged collector plates.

7.3 Nitrogen Oxides Control System: Selective

Catalytic Reduction (SCR) Systems are the technology

of choice as the most effective method of post-

combustion NOx reduction. NOx reduction can be

achieved by integrating low NOx burners and staged

combustion (overfire air) into the overall system.

7.4 Sulfur Dioxide Control

•Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) technologies offer

the highest SO2 reduction levels in the industry.

•Wet FGD System : Spray tower scrubber design

used for SO2 control, with proven tray design for more

uniform flue gas distribution and improved absorption.

Reagents include limestone, lime, magnesium-

enhanced lime, sodium carbonate and ammonia.

•Spray Dry Absorber (SDA ) System : A rotary

atomizer delivers a slurry of an alkaline reagent into

the hot flue gas to absorb the SO2 and other acid

gases control on utility boilers burning low sulfur coals.

Fuel Efficiency Analysis :

Comparison of Thermal Efficiency

Calorific Value ( kCal/ kg) Thermal Efficiency (%)

4000 kCal/kg 29.60%

4400 kCal/kg 32.57%

5300 kCal/kg 39.23

Coal Consumption

Plant Capacity 2 x 25 MW

Net Capacity

Fuel Consumption per Hour 33.75 tons

Fuel Consumption per Day 810 tons

Fuel Consumption per Year 291600 tons

Coal Consumption per KWh 0.675 kg/kwh

Electrical Energy (KWh ) per year 432,000,000 KWh

Needs of Heat Energy (Kcal) per year 1.051.200.000.000 Kcal

Needs of Coal per year (kg) 291,600,000 kgs

Coal Requirement for 30 years (Tons) 8,748,000 Tons

Fuel Consumption Analysis :

Summary of Project Cost :

EPC Cost @ usd 1500 / kWh $75.000.000

VAT + Other Tax @ 20%

5% Const Management $3.750.000

Total EPC Cost $78.750.000

Developmenmt Cost $3.150.000

Initial O&M Mob Cost $425.046

Working Capital $2.887.454

Financial Cost $4.725.000

Total Project Indirect Cost $11.187.500

O-INV $27.562.500

Total Project Cost $117.500.000

Project Cost (US $)

Electricity Tariff PLN ($/kWh) $ 0.096 per kW

Sales 372.300.000 kW x '$ 0.096 per kW $35.740.800

Fuel Cost ($ / Ton) @ USD 30 per Ton $8.173.080

Labor Cost ($ / Ton) $313.548

Maintanance Cost ($ / Ton) $453.333

Insurance / Property Tax ($ / Ton) $225.000

Utility ($ / Ton) $25.000

Management/ Administration ($ / Ton) $258.065

Other Operating Expenses $228.645

Financial Cost $6.168.750

Net Production Cost $15.845.421

Electricity Tariff and Sales Revenue

Production Cost Parameters

Sales Revenue $35.740.800

Production Cost $15.845.421

Gross Profit $19.895.379

In USD $0,053

In INR ₹ 3,286

Gross Profit

Gross Profit Per Kw / Unit

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