VACCINATIONVACCINATIONACTIVE IMMUNIZATION ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION

Jana DáňováJana DáňováThird Faculty of Medicine

Dept. of Epidemiology

PASSIVE IMMUNITYPASSIVE IMMUNITY

Pasive immunity attained naturallyPasive immunity attained naturally transplacentar transfer of antibodies from transplacentar transfer of antibodies from

mother to childmother to child duration 2-6 monthduration 2-6 month

Pasive immunity attained artificiallyPasive immunity attained artificially application of specific protective antibodiesapplication of specific protective antibodies heterologous and homologous heterologous and homologous

immunoglobulinsimmunoglobulins

PASSIVE IMMUNIZATIONPASSIVE IMMUNIZATION

application of antibodies – specific application of antibodies – specific immunoglobulins immunoglobulins

application after exposure to the infectionapplication after exposure to the infection

profylactic applicationprofylactic application

therapeutic applicationtherapeutic application

ACTIVE IMMUNITYACTIVE IMMUNITY

Active immunity attained naturallyActive immunity attained naturally after apparent or inapparent infectionafter apparent or inapparent infection duration depents on type of inf.agentduration depents on type of inf.agent

Active immunity attained artificiallyActive immunity attained artificially after application of vaccinesafter application of vaccines persistence of antibodies depents on the persistence of antibodies depents on the

type of a vaccinetype of a vaccine

VACCINATIONACTIVE IMMUNIZATION

MOST IMPORTANT TYPE OF PREVENTION OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES

PRIMARY PREVENTIONPRIMARY PREVENTION

HISTORY OF VACCINATIONHISTORY OF VACCINATION

1796 - Edward Jenner - vaccination against smallpox (variola) 1885 - Louis Pasteur - vaccination against rabies

VACCINEVACCINE

containes antigen of one or more containes antigen of one or more microorganisms and after application microorganisms and after application

to human or animal body causes to human or animal body causes antibody response – active antibody response – active

immunizationimmunization

TYPES OF VACCINESTYPES OF VACCINES

according methods of preparationaccording methods of preparation live attenuated inactivated (killed) anatoxin (toxoid) split and subunit polysaccharide synthetic

CORRECT TECHNIC OF CORRECT TECHNIC OF VACCINATIONVACCINATION

application of appropriate vaccineapplication of appropriate vaccine

excluding of exspire vaccineexcluding of exspire vaccine

eligible type of applicationeligible type of application

supervision 30 min. after vaccinationsupervision 30 min. after vaccination

intervals between vaccinationsintervals between vaccinations

after live attenuated vaccineafter live attenuated vaccine 4 weeks4 weeks after inactivated (killed) vaccineafter inactivated (killed) vaccine 2 weeks2 weeks after BCG revaccinationafter BCG revaccination 8 weeks8 weeks after BCG primovaccinationafter BCG primovaccination 12 weeks12 weeks after skin tests (including tuberculin)after skin tests (including tuberculin) 1 week1 week after immunostimulansafter immunostimulans 7 – 10 weeks7 – 10 weeks

INTERVALS BETWEEN INTERVALS BETWEEN VACCINATIONSVACCINATIONS

CAUSES OF LOW CAUSES OF LOW IMMUNITY RESPONSEIMMUNITY RESPONSE

immunodeficiency inborn or acquiredimmunodeficiency inborn or acquiredcontraindicationscontraindicationsinsufficiency of intervals between insufficiency of intervals between

vaccination vaccination bad nutritional statusbad nutritional status

BASIC REQUIREMENTSBASIC REQUIREMENTSFOR VACCINEFOR VACCINE

immunological efficacyimmunological efficacysafetysafetystabilitystability

CAUSES OF REACTIONS CAUSES OF REACTIONS AFTER VACCINATIONAFTER VACCINATION

type of vaccinetype of vaccinehealth status of person health status of person vaccination technicvaccination technic

ORGANIZATION OF VACCINATION ORGANIZATION OF VACCINATION IN CZECH REPUBLIC IN CZECH REPUBLIC

vaccination is important among vaccination is important among children, they are in childhood mostly children, they are in childhood mostly exposed to infectious diseasesexposed to infectious diseases

strategy of vaccination is regulated by strategy of vaccination is regulated by statement of Ministry of Healthstatement of Ministry of Health

vaccination in CR against infectious vaccination in CR against infectious diseases is divided to severaldiseases is divided to several groups groups

TYPES OF VACCINATION TYPES OF VACCINATION IN CZECH REPUBLICIN CZECH REPUBLIC

routine vaccinationroutine vaccinationspecial vaccinationspecial vaccinationemergency vaccinationemergency vaccinationvaccination in injueriesvaccination in injueriesvaccination on requestvaccination on request

ROUTINE VACCINATIONROUTINE VACCINATION

diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, diseases diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, diseases caused by caused by Haemophilus influenzaeHaemophilus influenzae b, b, poliomyelitis, viral hepatitis Bpoliomyelitis, viral hepatitis B

measles, mumps, rubellameasles, mumps, rubellaviral hepatitis B of newborns HBsAg viral hepatitis B of newborns HBsAg

positiv mothers positiv mothers pneumococcal infection pneumococcal infection tuberculosis in specific situation

Vaccination against tubeclulosisVaccination against tubeclulosis

Vaccination against tuberculosis is indicated in specific situation according statement 299/2010:

1. one or both parents, sibling, member of household had/has tuberculosis 2. child, parents, sibling, member of household , where a child lives was born or leve/lived more than 3 month in a country with higher frequency of tuberculosis than 40 cases/per 100 000 3. child was in a contact with tuberculosis 4. indication due to anamnestic reasons

Vaccination against diphtheria, tetanus, Vaccination against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, pertussis, Haemophilus influenzaeHaemophilus influenzae b, b,

poliomyelitis and viral hepatitis Bpoliomyelitis and viral hepatitis B

basic vaccinationbasic vaccination –– since 9.weeks 3 dosis of

hexavaccine in interval of 1 month and 4th dosis applicated 6 month after 3.dosis revaccination against diphtheria, tetanus, revaccination against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussispertussis

in 5 years

revaccination against diphtheria, tetanus, revaccination against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussispertussis and poliomyelitis poliomyelitis –– 10 to 11 y. of age

revaccination against tetanusrevaccination against tetanus –– 25 to 26 years of age and every 10 – 15 years

Measles, mumps, rubellaMeasles, mumps, rubella

basic vaccination basic vaccination –– in 15 month of agein 15 month of age

revaccination revaccination –– after 6 – 10 monthafter 6 – 10 month

Vaccination against viral hepatitis B Vaccination against viral hepatitis B of newborns HBsAg positiv mothersof newborns HBsAg positiv mothers

basic vaccination of newborns basic vaccination of newborns HBsAg positiv mothersHBsAg positiv mothers

one dose of vaccine against VHB within one dose of vaccine against VHB within

24 hours after delivery (before application 24 hours after delivery (before application of tbc vaccine), among these children of tbc vaccine), among these children continue in vaccination with hexavaccinecontinue in vaccination with hexavaccine

Vaccination against pneumococcal Vaccination against pneumococcal infectioninfection

application of conjugated vaccine application of conjugated vaccine (Prevenar) in specific indication(Prevenar) in specific indication

ROUTINE VACCINATIONROUTINE VACCINATIONof persons in higher risk of diseasesof persons in higher risk of diseases

InfluenzaInfluenza (every year)(every year)

infections caused by Str.pneumoniaeinfections caused by Str.pneumoniae

(once among people in senior houses etc. )(once among people in senior houses etc. )

viral hepatitis Bviral hepatitis B

(dialysis, sexual and familiar contact with (dialysis, sexual and familiar contact with VHB)VHB)

SPECIAL VACCINATIONSPECIAL VACCINATION

viral hepatitis A + Bviral hepatitis A + B

(emergency workers) (emergency workers)

viral hepatitis Bviral hepatitis B

(health care workers) (health care workers)

rabiesrabies

(workers in higher risk of disease) (workers in higher risk of disease)

EMERGENCY VACCINATIONEMERGENCY VACCINATION

vaccination in specific conditionsvaccination in specific conditions

planed by Ministry of Healthplaned by Ministry of Health

free of chargefree of charge

VACCINATION IN INJURIESVACCINATION IN INJURIES

vaccination of persons - prevention of vaccination of persons - prevention of

wound infectionswound infections

vaccination against tetanus, rabiesvaccination against tetanus, rabies

VACCINATION ONVACCINATION ON REQUESTREQUEST

vaccination of persons on requestvaccination of persons on requestuse of licenced vaccines use of licenced vaccines each vaccination is paied each vaccination is paied examples: VHA, VHB, tick - borne enc.,examples: VHA, VHB, tick - borne enc.,

meningococcal men., influenza etcmeningococcal men., influenza etc..

GRAPHSGRAPHS

source NIPHsource NIPH

VARIOLAVARIOLA

DIPHTHERIADIPHTHERIA

TETANUSTETANUS

TETANUSTETANUS

PERTUSSISPERTUSSIS

POLIOMYELITISPOLIOMYELITIS

POLIOMYELITISPOLIOMYELITIS

MEASLESMEASLES

MUMPSMUMPS

RUBELLARUBELLA

VARICELLAVARICELLA

Plané neštovice

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200

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600

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1200

nem

ocn

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VIRAL HEPATITIS BVIRAL HEPATITIS B

THANK YOUTHANK YOU