Effect of Temporal and Varietal Variability on Growth andDevelopmental Parameters of Brown Sarson ( Brassica rapa L. Var.

Oleifera ) Under Temperate Kashmir Condition

SABIA AKHTER*, LAL SINGH, AMAL SAXENA, BA LONE, PURSHOTAM SINGHAND SAMEERA QAYOOM

Division of Agronomy, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences andTechnology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar-190 025 (J & K)

ABSTRACTA field experiment was conducted at KVK, Gandarbal, Shuhama, Sher-e-KashmirUniversity of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir during rabi season2011-12 to study the effect of temporal and varietal variability on growth anddevelopmental parameters of brown sarson (Brassica rapa L. var. Oleifera) insplit plot design, consisted of three dates of sowing in main plot and four varietiesin sub plot replicated four times. The results revealed significant increase ingrowth parameters, like plant height, dry matter accumulation and partitioning,leaf area with 1st October sowing as compared to 15th and 30th October sowing.Among varieties, P-3 revealed significant increase in growth parameters thanShalimar Brown Sarson-1, Gulchein and KOS-1. Maximum seed yield i.e. 17.72qha-1, stover yield (56.73 q/ha)and oil yield (635.07 kg/ha)was obtained with 1st

October sowing, than 15th October and 30th October sowing. However, in respectof varieties P-3 recorded higher yields of seed, stover and oil.

Keywords : Sowing date, Dry matter partitioning, Phenology, LAI

SHORT NOTE

*Corresponding Author E-mail : sabiakhter77@gmail.com

INTRODUCTIONRapeseed and mustard are the major oilseed crops,traditionally grown everywhere in the country dueto their high adaptability in conventional farmingsystems (Singh et al., 2014). Brown sarson is theonly crop of the rapeseed-mustard group which fitswell in the oilseed – paddy rotation prevailing inthe valley of Kashmir and is the dominant rabicrop of the Kashmir valley.However, theproductivity of oilseed (brown sarson) in Kashmirvalley is very low (6-8 q/ha). The low productivityis mainly attributed to the fact that the farmersmainly grow the traditional varieties and landraces which are not only low yielding but highlysusceptible to biotic and abiotic stresses. Amongthe abiotic stress, climatic factors are responsiblefor lower productivity of brown sarson as lowertemperature restricts the cultivation of highyielding mustard varieties in the temperate valleycondition. Brown sarson is mainly grown in valley

on stored moisture regimes of winter snowfall.Time of sowing is very important for mustardproduction (Mondal et al., 1999). Optimum sowingtime plays an important role to fully exploit thegenetic potential of a variety as it providesoptimum growth conditions such as temperature,light, humidity and rainfall (Iraddi, 2008). Due tovariable topography of Kashmir valley theenvironmental condition are varied with littlespatial variationwhich affect the temperaturevariability in pockets and a commonrecommendation of sowing time and varieties arenot suitable for all the site of valley. Therefore,there is need to find out the suitable sowing timeand variety in relation to site specificenvironmental condition. The growth phase of thecrop should synchronize with optimumenvironmental conditions for better expression ofgrowth, development and yield. Keeping in viewof these facts, the present investigation wascarried out to study the effect of temporal andvarietal variability on growth and developmental

ISSN : 2348-8808 (Print ), 2348-8867 (Online)Journal of AgriSearch 1(2): 122-126

ARTICLE INFO

Received on : 18.01.2014Revised received on : 12.03.2014Accepted on : 23.04.2014Published online : 03.06.2014

[Journal of AgriSearch, Vol.1, No.2] 123

parameters of Brown Sarson (Brassica rapa L. var.Oleifera) under temperate Kashmir.

MATERIALS AND METHODSA field experiment was conducted at KVK,Gandarbal, Shuhama, Sher-e-Kashmir Universityof Agricultural Sciences and Technology ofKashmir during rabi season 2011-12, situated at34o 11¢ 40.87¢¢ N latitude and 74o 49¢ 33.42¢¢ Elongitude and at an altitude of 1639.5 meters abovemean sea level. During crop growth period (39th

to 23rd Standard Meteorological Weeks) themaximum temperature ranged between -1 to35.5oC, while minimum ranged between -6.60Cto 20oC with relative humidity of 38-97%maximum and ranged between 21% to 96%minimum.The soil was silty clay loam in texture,slightly alkaline in reaction and medium inavailable nitrogen, phosphorus and potassiumwith high organic carbon.The experiment was laidout in split plot design and consisted of three datesof sowing, viz., 1st October, 15th October and 30th

October in main plot and four varieties, viz., KOS-1, Gulchein, Shalimar Brown Sarson-1 and P-3in sub plot replicated four times. The crop wasfertilized with 60: 60: 30 kg NPK/ha. Brown sarsonwas sown manually using a seed rate of 7.5 Kg/haat row spacing of 30 cm. The observations

recorded were phenology, plant height,Leaf area,dry matter accumulation and partitioning atvarious phenological stages, yield and yieldattributes.Leaf area was measured by disc methodas suggested by Vivekanandan et al. (1972).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONData presented in table 1 indicated that daystaken to various phenological stages viz.,emergence, rosette stage, flower bud initiation,flower initiation, 80 % plants start flowering andphysiological maturity differed significantly withrespect to sowing time but there was the non-significant effect of brown sarson varieties on daystaken to various phenological stages. 1st Octobersowing has taken lesser number of days toemergence and rosette stage (6.4, 46.6 days) ascompared to 15th October (7.4, 57.06) and 30th

October (12.4, 67.31) sowing, respectively. But forreaching to flower bud initiation, flower initiation,80 % plants start flowering and physiologicalmaturity, sowing of brown sarson at 1st Octoberhas taken significantly more number of days(131.3, 159.8, 165.5 and 225.1 days) ) as comparedto 15th October (122.1, 156.9, 160.4 and 221.4 days)and 30th October sowing (121.5, 145.3, 150.9 and208.7 days), respectively.

Treatments Phenological Stages Leaf AreaEmer- Rose Flower Flower 80% Physio- Plant Rose- 30 days Flower Flower 80%gence its bud Initia- plants logical height tte after bud initia- plants

Stage initia- tion start maturity (cm) stage rose- initia- tion starttion flower- tee tion flower-

ing stage ing1st October 6.4 46.6 131.3 159.8 165.5 225.1 144.7 23.90 54.28 123.90 203.64 226.4

15th October 7.4 57.06 122.1 156.9 160.4 221.4 130.8 8.95 31.68 61.86 143.51 185.70

30th October 12.4 67.31 121.5 145.3 150.9 208.7 108.9 7.54 9.40 22.99 105.58 126.51

SEm ± 0.11 0.43 2.0 1.31 1.1 0.80 1.2 0.34 0.65 0.45 2.70 5.06

CD (P=0.05) 0.4 1.58 6.7 4.5 3.6 2.7 4.2 1.18 2.26 1.57 9.52 15.9

Varieties

KOS-1 8.6 56.41 122.0 153.4 159.0 217.7 127.6 9.77 28.72 63.91 134.84 139.25

Gulchein 8.5 56.75 125.9 154.1 158.3 219.0 120.1 10.90 29.18 66.56 137.29 163.28

Shalimar Brown Sarson-18.5 57.66 125.5 154.4 159.3 218.6 123.8 15.40 31.05 70.46 164.03196.64

P-3 9.1 57.25 127.1 153.6 159.0 218.3 141.1 17.78 38.21 77.40 167.49 219.01

SEm± 0.18 0.61 1.8 1.17 1.6 1.9 2.5 0.23 0.51 1.13 3.3 4.79

CD (P=0.05) NS NS NS NS NS NS 7.2 0.66 1.50 3.28 9.72 13.90

Table 1 : Days taken to reach different phenological stages, plant height at maturity and leaf area(cm2/plant)as influenced by date of sowing and varieties.

Effect of Temporal and Varietal Variability on Brown Sarson

[Journal of AgriSearch, Vol.1, No.2]124

Early planting on 1st October has taken lessernumber of days to seedling emergence and toreach rosette stage as compared to later sowingdates. It might be due to favourable higher soiland air temperature on 1st October sowing andlow soil and air temperature in delay sowing.However, except emergence, rosette and flowerbud initiation stage delayed sowing decreased thenumber of days to reach different phenologicalstages, might be due to higher temperature afterflower bud initiation stage which fulfil therequirement of growing degree days and thermalunits of crop for achieving different phenologicalstages in lesser days as compared to early sowncrop when day and night temperature was lowerat later stages. These results are quite similar tothe results of Bhuiyan et al. (2008)

Table 2a:Dry mater accumulation (g/m-2) and partitioning at rosette stage,30 days after rosette stageand flower bud initiation as influenced by date of sowing and varieties.

Treatments Rosette stage 30 days after rosette stage Flower bud initiationRoots Stem Leaves Total Roots Stem Leaves Total Roots Stem Leaves Total

Sowing date

1st October 3.92 9.49 26.94 40.36 21.12 31.28 70.21 122.62 59.72 104.56 135.22 299.5

15th October 2.66 6.45 17.30 26.41 8.54 18.30 34.86 61.70 9.19 33.07 36.73 79.00

30th October 1.95 3.59 9.60 15.15 3.19 5.15 10.73 19.07 4.12 10.04 15.64 29.81

SEm ± 0.07 0.11 0.16 0.22 0.31 0.36 0.33 0.42 0.63 1.16 2.06 2.12

LSD 0.05 0.27 0.39 0.58 0.78 1.08 1.25 1.15 1.48 2.18 4.03 7.15 7.35

Varieties

KOS-1 2.29 4.03 10.35 16.68 7.78 11.07 24.07 42.94 15.89 32.97 42.14 91.01

Gulchein 2.37 4.23 12.51 19.12 10.01 15.03 26.77 51.82 20.23 34.19 51.07 105.51

Shalimar BrownSarson-1 2.64 7.17 19.20 29.01 11.01 20.21 33.41 64.53 27.52 54.49 64.73 146.75

P-3 4.07 10.62 29.72 44.42 14..99 26.66 70.15 111.81 33.72 75.23 92.18 201.75

SEm± 0.09 0.15 0.31 0.42 0.37 0.44 0.69 0.90 0.98 1.02 1.84 1.89

LSD 0.05 0.28 0.46 0.91 1.22 1.08 1.28 2.01 2.63 2.85 2.96 5.3 5.47

The 1st October sowing recorded significantly tallerplants with more dry matter accumulation andleaf areaas compared to 15th October and 30th

October sowing because of the fact that the earlysown crop got longer time period to utilize availableresources fully and favourable temperature atlater growth stages which results in betteraccumulation of photosynthates and betterpartitioning of dry matter into various plantpartsviz., in roots, leaves, stem and siliqua,favourable for increasing leaf area. These resultsare in agreement with the findings ofHokmalipour et al. (2011).

Among varieties, variety P-3 recorded significantlyhigher plant height, higher leaf area plant-1andhigher dry matter accumulation followed byShalimar Brown Sarson-1, KOS-1 and Gulchein.Higher plant heightmay be attributed to itsgenetic potential. Higher leaf area plant-1mightbe due to taller plants as it is a well-known factthat concurrent increase in plant height tend toincrease the number of leaves/ plant, which inturn increases the leaf area/plant. Higher drymatter accumulation in P-3 variety might be dueto better partitioning of dry matter into variousplant partswith taller plant sand higher leaf area/plant which might have contributed more drymatter production. Similar findings were reportedby Kushwaha et al. (2009).

In the present investigation delayed planting ofbrown sarson resulted in a significant decline inthe yield contributing components i.e., numberof primary and secondary branches/plant, numberof siliqua/plant, number of seeds/siliqua and1000 seed weight etc. This might be due toreduced growing period, higher temperatureincreased the respiration rate of plant at laterstage which results in reduced net photosynthesisand its translocation from source to sink duringreproductive stage. This result is in consonancewith the study of Rafiei et al. (2011).

Maximum seed yield i.e. 17.72 q/ha was obtained

Sabia et al

[Journal of AgriSearch, Vol.1, No.2] 125Ta

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better vegetative growth, leading to a decline ofyield and yield contributing components than thetimely sown crop. Other reason for lower yieldunder delayed sowing might be due to prevalenceof higher temperature during flowering and grainfilling phases which caused forced maturity to thecrop. These results are in agreement with theresults of Shargi et al. (2011).

Effect of Temporal and Varietal Variability on Brown Sarson

with 1st October sowing. The delayed sowing (30th

October) recorded a decline in the seed and stoveryield, because of shorter time available for the

late sown crop to utilize available growth factors(light, nutrients, moisture etc) responsible forlower LAI and poor plant growth which results poordry matter accumulation for the production andpartitioning of assimilates to various sink for

[Journal of AgriSearch, Vol.1, No.2]126

It is concluded from the experiment that the dateof sowing had a non-significant effect on oilcontent (%) of the crop.These results wereinconformity with the results of Pavlista et al.(2011). Oil yield also followed similar trend as thatof seed yield. 1st October sowing recordedsignificantly higher oil yield (633.58 kg/ha). Thehigher oil yield in early sowing might be due tohigher seed yield. These results are in conformitywith the findings of Iraddi, 2008 and Shargi et al.,2011.

CONCLUSIONIt was concluded that significant increase ingrowth parameters, like plant height, dry matteraccumulation and partitioning,leaf area with 1st

October sowing as compared to 15th and 30th

October sowing. Among varieties, P-3 revealedsignificant increase in growth parameters thanShalimar Brown Sarson-1, Gulchein and KOS-1.The same trend was followed for seed, stover yieldand oil yield.

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University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad Inpartial fulfilment of the requirements for theDegree of Master of science (Agriculture) InAgronomy. pp. 55-81.

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Shargi Younes, Rad AHS, Band AA, Noor mohammadi Gand Zahedi H. 2011. Yield and yield componentsof six canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivars affectedby planting date and water deficit stress. AfricanJournal of Biotechnology 10 (46): 9309-9313.

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CORRECT CITATIONAktar S, Singh L, Saxena A, Lone BA, Singh P and Qayoom S. 2014. Effect of Temporal and Varietal Variability onGrowth and Developmental Parameters of Brown Sarson ( Brassica rapa L. Var. Oleifera ) Under Temperate KashmirCondition. Journal of AgriSearch 1(2) : 122-126.

Sabia et al