utmost gallantry: the u.s. and royal navies at sea in the war of 1812

7/31/2019 Utmost Gallantry: The U.S. and Royal Navies at Sea in the War of 1812

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^tjlst Kiooiatry


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4/39

^tjlst KiooiatryBN ^.]. IA@ TLXIO AIWHN] I ]NI

HA BN [IT LG 9294

Fnvha @. JmMriahn

Aivio Hasthtutn Urnss

Iaaiplohs, Jiryoia`

P


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Aivio Hasthtutn Urnss

[ll` Tli`

Iaaiplohs, J@

dy Fnvha @. JmMriahn

Ioo rhkbts rnsnrvn`. Al pirt l tbhs dllf jiy dn rnprlùmn` lr uthohzn` ha iay lrj

lr dy iay jnias, nonmtrlahm lr jnmbiahmio, hamou`hak pbltlmlpyhak ia` rnmlr`hak,

lr dy iay halrjithla stlrikn ia` rntrhnvio systnj, whtblut pnrjhsshla ha wrhthak

rlj tbn pudohsbnr.

Ohdriry l Mlakrnss Mitiolkhak-ha-Uudohmithla @iti

JmMriahn, Fnvha @.

^tjlst kiooiatry 3 tbn ^.]. ia` Tlyio Aivhns it sni ha tbn [ir l / Fnvha @.JmMriahn.

p. mj.

Hamou`ns dhdohlkripbhmio rnnrnamns ia` ha`nx.

H]DA ---- (bdf. 3 iof. pipnr) H]DA ---- (ndllf) .

âhtn` ]titnsBhstlry[ir l Aivio lpnrithlas. . âhtn` ]titns. Aivy

Bhstlry[ir l . . Krnit Drhtiha. Tlyio AivyBhstlry[ir l . H. hton.

HH. hton3 ^.]. ia` Tlyio Aivhns it sni ha tbn [ir l .

N.J

.`m

Phs pipnr jnnts tbn rnquhrnjnats l IA]H/AH]L z.- (Unrjianamn l

Uipnr).

Urhatn` ha tbn âhtn` ]titns l Ijnrhmi.

Ghrst prhathak


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v

Mlatnats

Ohst l Hooustrithlas vhh

Urnimn xh

Imfalwon`kjnats xv

Mbiptnr . Nvnry Ippniriamn l Bistnahak tbn Mrhshs3 Pn Tlyio Aivy, tbn âhtn` ]titns Aivy, ia` tbn Dimfkrlua` tl [ir

Mbiptnr . I Ohtton Dht l i @ust [htb ia Nakohsb Grhkitn3 Pn Lpnahak

Aivio Mijpihka, Cuan tl ]nptnjdnr

Mbiptnr . Ht Hs i Phak H Mluo` Alt Bivn Nxpnmtn`3 Pn ]nmla` Tlua`,

]nptnjdnr Jirmb

Mbiptnr . H [n Mluo` ifn Lan lr wl l Pnsn @` Grhkitns3

Tnissnssjnat l Drhtihas Aivio Ldcnmthvns,

Mbiptnr . Mist Iwiy . . . lr ifna3 Ijnrhmia Aivio Gihourn ia`

Tnissnssjnat, Cuan Niroy

Mbiptnr . Mrnithak i Ulwnruo @hvnrshla3 ]nmrntiry Clans ia` tbn Aivio Mijpihka l

Mbiptnr . I Kolrhlus Tntrhnvio l Lur Aivio Tnputithla3

Pn urahak Ulhat, Cuan

Mbiptnr . Jlrn Pia Lr`hairy Thsf3 âhtn` ]titns Grhkitns, [hatnr

Mbiptnr . Uursuhak Jy Lwa Mlursn3 Pn Nssnx ha tbn Uimhm,

Mbiptnr . ]ljn Bir` Falmfs3 TnissnssjnatPn âhtn` ]titns, ]nptnjdnr Jirmb

Mbiptnr . Hatl Idonr Bia`s3 Drhtiha uras tl Anw Oni`nrsbhp,

Mbiptnr . Tnpuosn` ha Nvnry Ittnjpt3 Pn Muojhaithla l tbn

Clans ]jioo Mruhsnr ]tritnky, jh`-


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vh Mlatnats

Mbiptnr . Pn Murrnat @njia`s l tbn ]nrvhmn3 Ia Ipprihsio l

Drhthsb Aivio Lpnrithlas,

Npholkun. I [rnitb l Oiurnos . . . i Mrlwa l Plras3 Pn Oist Aivio Mijpihka,

Ohst l Iddrnvhithlas

Altns

Kolssiry

Dhdohlkripby

Ha`nx


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vhh

Hooustrithlas

HJIKN]

]nmrntiry l tbn .]. Aivy, Uiuo Bijhotla

]hr Ubhohp Dlwns Wnrn Drlfn

Pn Nsmipn l tbn ^]] Mlasthtuthlarlj Miptiha Drlfns Drhthsb ]qui`rla, Cuoy

Pn Mipturn l tbn BJ]Ionrtdy tbn ]] Nssnx, Iukust

Pn Nakiknjnat dntwnna tbn ^]] Mlasthtuthla ia` tbn BJ] Kunrrhnrn

Pn Mipturn l tbn BJ] Kunrrhnrndy tbn ^]] Mlasthtuthla, Iukust

Pn Mipturn l tbn BJ]Jimn lahiady tbn ]] ^ahtn ]titns, Lmtldnr

]tnpbna @nmitur

Pn Nsmipn l tbn BJ] Kioitnirlj tbn ]] Urnsh`natia` ^]] Mlakrnss, Lmtldnr

Pn Mipturn l tbn BJ]Cividy tbn ]] Mlasthtuthla, @nmnjdnr

]nmrntiry l tbn .]. Aivy [hoohij Clans

Clba Tl`knrs

Pn [lua`hak l Miptiha Ubhohp Drlfn la Dlir` tbn ^]] Mbnsipnifn, Cuan

Pn Mipturn l tbn ^]] Mbnsipnifndy tbn BJ] ]biaala, Cuan

Pn Nsmipn l tbn ^]] Mlasthtuthlarlj tbn BJ]Cualaia` tbn BJ] Pnan`ls, Iprho

@ivh` Ulrtnr

Pn Mipturn l tbn BJ] Onviatia` tbn BJ] Myiandy tbn ]] Mlasthtuthla,

Gndruiry

Pn Nakiknjnat dntwnna tbn BJ] Na`yjhlaia` tbn ^]] Urnsh`nat,

Ciauiry

Hooustrithlas


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vhhh Hooustrithlas

Pn Mipturn l tbn ^]] Urnsh`natdy Miptiha Biyns Drhthsb ]qui`rla,

Ciauiry

Pn Mipturn l tbn BJ] Unakuhady tbn ^]] Blrant, Jirmb

Pn Nsmipn l tbn ^]] Blrantrlj tbn BJ] Mlrawioohs, Iprho

JIU]

. Pn Alrtb Itoiathm ri`n Tlutns

. Aivio Jlvnjnats l Drlfnia` Tl`knrs, CuanIukust

. Olmithlas l ]bhp-la-]bhp Dittons ha tbn [ir l

. Pn Mruhsns l tbn Prnn Ijnrhmia ]qui`rlas ha tbn Iutuja l

. Pn ]lutbnra âhtn` ]titns ha

. Urnsh`nats ]ujjnr Mruhsn, Uirt H, Iprho Cuan

. Urnsh`nats ]ujjnr Mruhsn, Uirt HH, Cuoy Iukust

. Mruhsn l tbnIrkus, Uirt H, Cuoy Iukust

. Mruhsn l tbnIrkus, Uirt HH, Iukust

. Anw Xlrf ia` Olak Hsoia` ]lua`

. Mruhsn l tbn ^.]. Grhkitn Nssnx ia` tbn Drhthsb Tnsplasn

. Mruhsn l tbn Tittonsaifn ia` Natnrprhzn3 CiauiryJirmb . Mruhsn l tbn Tittonsaifn3 Jiy Cuoy

. Mruhsn l tbnIìjs3 Jiy Iukust

. Mruhsn l tbn [isp3

. Mruhsn l tbn Unimlmf3 Cuan Lmtldnr

N. Aivio Lpnrithlas ha tbn Itoiathm,

N. Pn Blrantia` Unimlmfha tbn Ha`hia Lmnia,

IDON]

. ltio Aujdnr l @npolyn` [irsbhps ha tbn Tlyio Aivy, Cuoy

. Mljpirithvn ]trnaktb l Drhthsb Aivio ]tithlas ha ltio [irsbhps

. Drhthsb Aivio @npolyjnats, Cuoy

. Pn âhtn` ]titns Aivy, Cuan

. Mljpirithvn ]trnaktb l Drhthsb ia` Ijnrhmia [irsbhps

. Urlplsn` @hvhshla l Drhthsb [irsbhps ia` Pnhr ]tithlas

. .]. [irsbhps ]jioonr Pia i Grhkitn Ivihoidon lr Lmniahm Lpnrithlas ha

. Mlmbrians Uoiaan` @npolyjnats, @itn` Jirmb

. @npolyn` ]bhps l tbn Tlyio Aivy, Cuoy , Cuoy , @nmnjdnr


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Hooustrithlas hx

. Drhthsb @npolyjnats ha Oitn

. ]trnaktb l tbn Alrtb Ijnrhmia ]tithla

@HIKTIJ]

. Pn ^]] Mlasthtuthlaia` Drhthsb ]qui`rla, Cuoy

. Uoia l tbn Nakiknjnat dntwnna tbn Mlasthtuthlaia` tbn Kunrrhnrn,

Iukust

. Uoia l tbn Nakiknjnat dntwnna tbn ^ahtn ]titnsia` tbnJimn`lahia

. Uoia l tbn Nakiknjnat dntwnna tbn Mlasthtuthlaia` tbnCivi

. Uoia l tbn Nakiknjnat dntwnna tbn Mbnsipnifn ia` tbn ]biaala

. Uoia l tbn Nakiknjnat dntwnna tbn [isp ia` tbn Tnha`nnr


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xh

Urngimn

@rhvhak iolak i rurio rli` ha slutbwnstnra Knlrkhi la i monir, mrhsp

Gndruiry ìy, H wis krnntn` dy no`s dlua`n` dy wll`s, lgna l phan.

lwas puamtuitn` tbn vhsti rlj thjn tl thjn. Pn aijn l lan

Doifnoymiukbt jy nyn. Pn bhstlrhia ha jn hjjn`hitnoy isslmhitn` tbn tlwa whtb

Clbastla Doifnony, wbl kurns prljhanatoy ha tbn loolwhak pikns is mljjia`nr

l tbn Natnrprhznia` oitnr tbn [isp. Mlathauhak slutbnist rlj Doifnoy, H natnrn`

@nmitur Mluaty, ia` tbna pissn` tbrlukb tbn mluaty snit l Dihadrh`kn. Plukbi ihr `hstiamn rlj siot witnr wbnrn Mljjl`lrns ]tnpbna @nmitur ia` [hoohij

Dihadrh`kn nnitn` Drhthsb rhkitns ha , tbn mlhamh`namn l Doifnoy, Knlrkhi, lo-

olwn` dy poimns aijn` lr @nmitur ia` Dihadrh`kn `njlastritn` Ijnrhmis i`jh-

rithla lr hts aivy. Lmnrs ohfn Doifnony, @nmitur, ia` Dihadrh`kn mipturn` Ijnrhmis

hjikhaithla dy kbthak lr tbn blalr l tbn yluak âhtn` ]titns ikihast tbn jlst

plwnruo aivy ha tbn wlro`. Pnrn hs, blwnvnr, ialtbnr sh`n tl tbhs stlry. Drhtiha

vhnwn` tbn [ir l la tbn bhkb snis ha tbn mlatnxt l hts laklhak wir ikihast

Aiplonlahm Griamn, ia` siw tbn âhtn` ]titns Aivy is i tbrnit tl tbn sni-ohans l

mljjuahmithla tbit wnrn nssnathio lr tbn wnoo-dnhak l hts nmlaljy ia` hts njphrn.Ha tbn twl mnaturhns shamn tbit wir, wrhtnrs bivn sphoon` i krnit `nio l haf tl

nxpoiha tbn doll`y namluatnrs dntwnna tbn Drhthsb ia` Ijnrhmia aivhns la tbn

lmnias. Jiay l tbnsn slurmns, tblukb, mlatiha lan lr jlrn l tbn loolwhak wnif-

anssns3 ia lvnrnjpbishs la tbn rst shx jlatbs l tbn wir wbna tbn Drhthsb olst

tbn rhkitns Kunrrhnrn,Jimn lahia, ia`Civi6 i ihourn tl ohaf tbn timthmio nvnats l

tbn sbhp-la-sbhp dittons tl i drli`nr ua`nrstia`hak l tbn wir6 ia ua`nruthohzithla

l Drhthsb irmbhvio ia` prhjiry slurmns6 ia` ia lvnrrnohiamn la snmlaìry slurmns,

hamou`hak sljn tbit mlatiha nrrlanlus halrjithla lr `hstlrthak aithlaiohsthm pnr-

spnmthvns. Pn loolwhak pikns lstnr i dioiamn` ipprihsio l tbn wir disn` la Drhthsb

ia` Ijnrhmia irmbhvio slurmns, hamou`hak pudohm ia` prhvitn onttnrs, sbhps olks, is

Urngimn

Urngimn


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xhh Urngimn

wnoo is mlurts jirthio rnmlr`s. [bnrn tbhs wis alt plsshdon, H bivn rnohn` la pud-

ohsbn` `lmujnats tl poimn nakiknjnats ha i drli`nr lpnrithlaio ia` stritnkhm mla-

tnxt sl is tl ua`nrstia` tbn hatnat l tbn dnoohknrnats, blw dltb sh`ns usn` tbnhrwirsbhps, ia` tbn drli`nr rijhmithlas l tbn sbhp-la-sbhp dittons. Aivio wirirn

havlovns tbn hatnrimthla l juothpon imtlrs6 ollfhak mrhthmiooy it ioo sh`ns, dltb ha dit-

ton ia` ha jlrn juaìan lpnrithlas, i``s tl tbn airrithvn l blw tbn wir ualo`n`.

Plukb tbhs wlrf rnohns bnivhoy la lmujnats, H bivn mlasuotn` smbloiroy wlrfs

is stirthak plhats lr rnsnirmb, dut tbhs `lns rnquhrn i althmn l miuthla havlovhak

tbn rnnrnamn altns. Knanrio wlrfs la tbn aivio wir dy iutblrs sumb is [hoohij

Cijns, Pnl`lrn Tllsnvnot, Iorn` . Jibia, M. ]. Glrnstnr, ia` Tldnrt Kir`hanr

`nsmrhdn aniroy nvnry aivio nakiknjnat ha tbn wir6 ritbnr tbia rnpnit tbnj na`-

onssoy ha tbn altns, H bivn laoy mhtn` tbnsn wlrfs wbnrn tbny prnsnat uahqun plhats.

Phs dllf i``s tl tbn bhstlrhmio `nditn, dut ht hs alt i mljpontn airrithvn l tbn

aivio wir. Pn loolwhak pikns laoy i``rnss tbn wir lr tbn oifns dntwnna tbn âhtn`

]titns ia` Miaiì ha i tiaknathio jiaanr. Plukb jiaplwnr mlastrihats miusn`

lpnrithlas la tbn Oifns tl sip lmniahm aivio strnaktb, tbn wir la tbn Oifns wis

uausuiooy hsloitn` lr i aivio wir ia` bis dnna `hvlrmn` rlj tbhs stu`y. Phs wlrf

iosl `lns alt issnss tbn mlatrhduthlas dy prhvitnnrs ha i mrhthmio lr `ntihon` jiaanr.

Plukb rnsplashdon lr tbn mipturn l tbn jiclrhty l Drhthsb jnrmbiat vnssnos ia`

nvna tbn lmmishlaio, doll`y kbt, i trun iaioyshs l tbnhr imthlas wluo` dn i dllf

uatl htsno. Ghaiooy, tbhs stu`y `lns alt moihj tl issnss Drhthsb lpnrithlas ha tbn ohttl-

rios, sumb is tblsn tbit lmmurrn` ha tbn Mbnsipnifn. Hastni`, tbhs hs i bhstlry l tbn

wir dntwnna tbn Drhthsb Tlyio Aivy ia` tbn âhtn` ]titns Aivy la tbn bhkb snis.

Ha aujdnrs iolan, tbhs wis ia uanquio strukkon ia` sbluo` bivn dnna i

sblrt stlry l Drhthsb summnss tbit swnpt tbn ohtton Ijnrhmia aivy rlj tbn snis,

dut hastni` ^.]. wirsbhps lpnritn` rlj tbn wirs dnkhaahak tl hts na`. [by `h`

Drhtiha, whtb tbn jlst plwnruo aivy ha tbn wlro`, a` tbn sjioo Ijnrhmia aivy

sl rnshohnat< [bit `lns tbhs ha`hmitn idlut wnoo-trihan`, sjioonr aivio plwnrs whtb

mrhthmio isyjjntrhm i`viatikns ha knlkripbhmiooy nxpiashvn ia` lgna `hstiat tbn-itnrs< l tbn Drhthsb, ht snnjn` iojlst ou`hmrlus tbit tbn Ijnrhmias wluo` kbt6

ritbnr tbia `nan vhmtlry is `nnithak tbn nathrn Drhthsb aivy, tbn Ijnrhmias mbir-

imtnrhzn` summnss is kihahak blalr wbhon `nayhak ht tl Drhtiha, ia` it tbn sijn thjn

prltrimthak tbn wir ia` lrmhak Drhtiha tl nxpna` `hsprlplrthlaitn rnslurmns tl

mljdit tbn ^.]. aivio tbrnit. Ha tbn na`, tbn Ijnrhmias prlvn` i auhsiamn ia` i

aikkhak tbrnit. Plukb tbn Drhthsb ihon` tl `nstrly tbn âhtn` ]titns Aivy, tbny

oirknoy jirkhaiohzn` ht, iodnht it bhkb mlsts ha doll`, trnisurn, wirsbhps, ia` thjn.

R


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Urngimn xhhh

I Altn la [irsbhp Irjijnats

Pn aujdnr ia` typn l miaalas jluatn` la wirsbhps ùrhak tbn [ir l hs i

anduolus sudcnmt. Glr nxijpon, tbn ^.]. rhkitns Mlasthtuthla, Urnsh`nat, ia` âhtn`

]titns wnrn shstnr sbhps, dut tbn irjijnat l nimb virhn` sohkbtoy ia` mbiakn`

sohkbtoy ùrhak tbn wir. l jifn tbhs jlrn mlaushak, ioo tbrnn l tbn idlvn rhkitns

wnrn ritn` lr lrty-lur kuas, dut ioo mirrhn` jlrn kuas.

Pn hamlakrunamn dntwnna tbn ritn` aujdnr l kuas lr i sbhp ia` tbn imtuio

aujdnr tbit sbhp jluatn` wis lwhak tl snvnrio olak-tnrj trna`s. Ghrst wis tbn

prnnrnamn l tbn sbhp miptiha. I snmla` rnisla niot whtb jluathak kuas la prnvh-

lusoy uairjn` plrthlas l tbn sbhp. Ialtbnr imtlr niot whtb tbn wh`nsprni` i`lp-

thla l tbn mirrlai`n. La jiay wirsbhps mirrlai ns rnpoimn` tri`hthlaio sbhpdlir`kuas la i krnitnr tbia lan-lr-lan dishs. Pnsn imtlrs mlatrhdutn` tl i ant kiha l

shx, nhkbt, tna, lr nvna twnovn kuas pnr sbhp.]hamn sbhp irjijnat wis i jlvhak tir-

knt, tbhs iutblr bis rnmlamhon` tbn prldonj ushak i mljdhaithla l twl systnjs.

Pn rst havlovns tbn usn l i sbhps ritn` strnaktb. Phs systnj wis disn` la

bhstlrhmio prnmn`nat tbit bi` alt nvlovn` whtb tbn prlohnrithla l kuas la wir-

sbhps. Plukb tbn rithak systnj wis dnmljhak lut l ìtn, ht bi` tbn i`viatikn l

mlashstnamy, jniahak ht `h` alt knanriooy mbiakn ùrhak tbn wir. Uirthmuoiroy whtb

rnkir` tl Drhthsb wirsbhps, ht prlvh`ns ia ipprlxhjitn ha`hmithla l i wirsbhps tla-

aikn, drli`sh`n wnhkbt, ia` mrnw strnaktb. Plukb tbn tbrnn Drhthsb rhkitns tifnady tbn Ijnrhmias ha wnrn ioo -kua rhkitns ia` bi` shjhoir mipidhohthns, nimb

jluatn` sohkbtoy `hstnrnat irjijnats. Khvna tbn vnry oirkn aujdnr l Drhthsb wir-

sbhps, ht hs ioo dut hjplsshdon tl falw nximt irjijnats ha nvnry misn. Pn Drhthsb

I`jhrioty ha Ola`la trhn` tl fnnp rnmlr`s l sbhp irjijnats, dut rnplrts rlj sni

it thjns mlatri`hmt tblsn rnmlr`s. [htb tbn nxmnpthla l sbhp-la-sbhp imthlas, tbn

ritn` aujdnr hs knanriooy immuritn nalukb tl prlvh`n ia ipprlxhjithla l tbn lrmn.

Glr tbn âhtn` ]titns Aivy, snvnrio imtlrs bivn on` tbhs iutblr iwiy rlj tbn rithak

systnj. Ghrst, tbit aivy rnprnsnatn` i sjioonr krlup tl trimf ia` nximt irjijnats

wnrn jlrn lgna falwa6 ha i``hthla, Ijnrhmias bi` i tna`namy tl ritn wirsbhpssjioonr tbia shjhoir Drhthsb sbhps. Glr nxijpon, tbn Ijnrhmias ritn` tbn Mlakrnss

is i -kua rhkitn, dut ht wis molsnr tl i Drhthsb -kua rhkitn ha imtuio irjijnat.

Pn snmla` jnias l rnmlamhohak tbn prldonj l irjijnat havlovns stithak tbn

nximt wniplas jluatn` la i sbhp. Plukb jlrn immuritn tbia tbn rithak systnj,

tbhs aujdnr hs alt iowiys falwa. Pn lan thjn ht knanriooy wis falwa, blwnvnr,

wis lr sbhp-la-sbhp imthlas6 it sumb plhats ha tbn airrithvn, tbhs iutblr bis prl-

vh`n` tbn dnst nvh`namn lr nximt wirsbhp irjijnats.


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16/39

xv

Imfalwon`kjnats

Jiay pnlpon bivn bnopn` jifn tbhs dllf plsshdon. Ghrst, tbn imuoty l

tbn ]tritnky ia` Ulohmy @npirtjnat it tbn ^ahtn` ]titns Aivio [ir

Mloonkn ha Anwplrt, Tbl`n Hsoia`, uafalwhakoy snrvn` is tbn dllfs

mitioyst. Uirthmuoiroy, H wluo` dn rnjhss h H `h` alt spnmhmiooy tbiaf Jhmbino

Uivflvh, Cla ]mltt Olkno, ia` F. C. @noijir lr tbnhr mljjnats ia` sukknsthlas.

Al lan mluo` isf lr dnttnr supplrt tbia H bivn rnmnhvn` rlj jy `npirtjnat

mbihr, Clba Jiurnr. ]iri JmMriahn (jy nirnst shstnr) ikiha njlastritn` wby sbnhs tbn irthst ha tbn ijhoy tbrlukb bnr supnrd jips. H iosl just tbiaf rhna`s ia`

mloonikuns wblsn nirs H bivn dnat ia` wbl H bivn dur`nan` is H dnmijn hamrnis-

hakoy nakrlssn` ha i wir tbit dnkia iojlst twl mnaturhns ikl.

Lvnr tbn prnvhlus lur ynirs, H bivn vhshtn` tll jiay ohdrirhns ia` irmbhvns

tl mluat, ia` whtblut nxmnpthla tbn ohdrirhias, irmbhvhsts, ia` stist bivn dnat lvnr

dimfwir` tl isshst ha jy rnsnirmb. ]nvnrio, blwnvnr, `nsnrvn spnmhio prihsn lr tbn

jiaanr ha wbhmb tbny tlonritn` jy qunsthlas ia` snrvn` tl imhohtitn jy rnsnirmb.

Pn Aivy Bhstlry ia` Bnrhtikn Mljjia` shts it tbn tlp l jy ohst. Uirthmuoiroy,

Jhmbino C. Mriwlr`, Mbirons N. Drl`han Cr., ia` Mbrhsthan G. Bukbns bivn prlvh`n`hjjnisuridon isshstiamn. Ha i``hthla, Pn Aithlaio Irmbhvns it Fnw, Thmbjla`6

tbn Aithlaio Jirhthjn Jusnuj ha Krnnawhmb6 tbn Buoo Bhstlry Mnatrn6 tbn ]ustlof

Tnmlr` Lmn ha Hpswhmb6 ia` tbn Aithlaio Ohdriry l ]mltoia` ha N`hadurkb

`nsnrvn spnmhio prihsn.

Pn plshthlas H ij idlut tl nxprnss irn jy lwa vhnws. H `l alt rnprnsnat tbn

Aivio [ir Mloonkn, Aivy, @npirtjnat l @nnasn, lr tbn .]. Klvnrajnat, ia` jy

vhnws irn alt anmnssirhoy sbirn` dy tbnj.


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9

P

MBIUPNT9

Nvnry Ippniriamn lgBistnahak tbn Mrhshs

Pbn Tlyio Aivy, tbn ^ahtn` ]titns Aivy,ia` tbn Dimfkrlua` tl [ir

Onss tbia i bua`rn` yir`s snpiritn` tbn twl sbhps, dut `irfanss ldsmurn`

tbnhr h`naththns. Pn mljjia`nr l lan, Irtbur Dhakbij, bihon` imrlss

tbn witnr, `njia`hak tbn aijn l tbn ltbnr sbhp. Bn bnir` i vlhmn tbit

nmbln` tbn sijn qunsthla. Dhakbij tbna rnpnitn` bhs `njia` dut rnmnhvn` ia

h`nathmio rnsplasn.

La tbn ltbnr sbhp, Mljjl`lrn Clba Tl`knrs stll` la prhamhpon3 Bivhak isfn`

tbn rst qunsthla, & l mlursn mlash`nrhak jysno nathton` dy tbn mljjla ruons l

plohtnanss tl tbn rst iaswnr, ignr i piusn . . . H rnhtnritn` jy rst naquhry l [bit

]bhp hs tbit


19/39

4 Mbiptnr 9. Nvnry Ippniriamn lg Bistnahak tbn Mrhshs

tbn jumb oirknr Urnsh`nat bi` mljpontnoy sbittnrn` tbn Ohtton Dnot, fhoohak lr wlua`-

hak tbhrty-twl l bnr mrnw. Tl`knrs issnrtn` tbit sumb doll`sbn` wluo` miusn jn

tbn jlst imutn piha `urhak tbn rnjiha`nr l jy ohn, bi` H alt tbn mlasloithla tlfalw tbit tbnrn wis al iotnraithvn ong jn, dntwnna sumb i simrhmn & lan wbhmb

wluo` bivn dnna sthoo krnitnr6 aijnoy tl bivn rnjihan` i pisshvn spnmtitlr l hasuot

tl tbn Goik l jy Mluatry, wbhost ht wis mla`n` tl jy prltnmthla.

Pn istihr l tbn Urnsh`natia` Ohtton Dnot, sl mlatnstn` la tbn plhat l imt, dut

wbhmb H dnohnvn wis uaprnjn`htitn` it onist dy tbn klvnrajnats la dltb sh`ns, bis

nvnry ippniriamn l bistnahak tbn mrhshs, mlamou`n` tbn .]. ijdissi`lr tl Tusshi.

Pn doll`y istihr wis ha`hmithvn l oirknr prldonjs havlovhak hssuns l blalr ia`

jhsua`nrstia`haks oni`hak up tl tbn [ir l .

Pn bnirt l tbn hssun wis jumb drli`nr ia` shkaion` tbit tbn nstidohsbn` ruons

l jirhthjn mljjnrmn bi` `ntnrhlritn` ha ia hatnraithlaio navhrlajnat `ljh-

aitn` dy i snrhns l wirs dntwnna Drhtiha ia` Griamn, ia` it thjns whtb ]piha lr

whtb ltbnr Nurlpnia stitns. Ha tbnsn mlafflhmts spiaahak tbn nhkbtnnatb mnatury,

Drhtihas survhvio rnstn` la aiamhio strnaktb, koldio mljjnrmn, ia` aivio plwnr.

Whmtlry knanriooy rnsuotn` rlj sljntbhak jlrn, dn ht vhmtlrhns la tbn Nurlpnia

mlathanat dy Drhthsb ia` ioohn` irjhns lr tbn mlaqunst l mlolahns. Drhtiha natnrn`

tbn olaknst, jlst nxpnashvn, ia` jlst uaohjhtn` l tbnsn Nurlpnia wirs ha .

Lvnr tbn anxt twl `nmi`ns, Drhtiha lukbt summnsshvn Grnamb rnvlouthlairy rnkhjns

loolwn` dy Aiplonla ia` bhs Nurlpnia ioohns whtb laoy i sblrt piusn rnsuothak

rlj tbn Unimn l Ijhnas. Prlukblut tbn mlafflhmt, Drhthsb mljjnrmhio ia` aivio

plwnr krnw rnonatonssoy. Drhtiha swnpt Grnamb jnrmbiat vnssnos rlj tbn sni ia`

ittnjptn` tl hjplsn hts whoo la anutrios, hamou`hak tbn ^ahtn` ]titns. Mlamurrnatoy,

Griamn ldtihan` stuaahak oia` vhmtlrhns lvnr mlathanatio mbioonaknrs. Blwnvnr, tbn

isyjjntry dntwnna Grnamb oia` plwnr ia` Drhthsb sni plwnr jniat tbit anhtbnr

mluo` strhfn i nmhshvn dolw.

R

Dy Drhtiha plssnssn` bio tbn wlro`s wirsbhp tlaaikn, ia uaprnmn`natn` kurn

lr iay stitn dntwnna ia` , ia` hts aivy irkuidoy stll` it tbn bnhkbt l hts

plwnr, bivhak njnrkn` vhmtlrhlus ha ioo hts fflnnt dittons shamn . Ha sjioonr imthlas

tbn Drhthsb aivy ollfn` aniroy is hjprnsshvn. Ha al Drhthsb wirsbhp oirknr tbia

ia -kua sollp bi` strumf bnr mlolrs dnmiusn l mljdit.Jlrnlvnr, tbn jhsshlas

tbn Tlyio Aivy ua`nrtllf wnrn jlrn nxpiashvn tbia iay mlatnjplriry aivy ia`

hamou`n` plohmhak tbn lmnias, mlatrloohak jirhthjn tri`n, dolmfi`hak Grnamb wir-

sbhps, ia` supplrthak oia` lrmns.Plukb hjprnsshvn ha rnmlr` ia` mipidhohty, tbn Tlyio Aivy sustnrn` rlj i

snrhlus ffliw. Ha Jiy i onttnr pudohsbn` ha ia hafflunathio Drhthsb aivio cluraio


20/39

Pbn Tlyio Aivy, tbn ahtn ]titns Aivy, ia tbn Dimfkrlua tl [ir =

mljpoihan`, Ollf it lur sbhps, blw tbny irn jiaan` it tbn drnifhak lut l i wir,

ia` mljpirn tbnj whtb tbn knanriohty l sbhps alw mljjhsshlan`, ia` tbn `hstnr-

namn whoo dn jlst strhfhak3 ht miaalt dn ltbnrwhsn, la immluat l tbn vist aujdnrl sbhps it tbhs thjn ha mljjhsshla, wbhmb irn alw jiaan` dy i vnry sjioo prl-

plrthla l idon snijna, ia` tbn rnjiha`nr oon` up whtb kll`, di`, ia` ha`hstnr-

nat, vhz.lr`hairy snijna, oia`sjna,glrnhkanrs, tbn swnnphaks l Anwkitn, rlj tbn

buofs, ia` iojlst ioo tbn prhslas ha tbn mluatry.

Aivio lmnrs iosl mljpoihan` idlut tbn jiaahak l tbnhr wirsbhps. Ha

@nmnjdnr lan miptiha nsmrhdn` bhs mrnw is alt it ioo wbit H wluo` whsb tbnj

tl dn, lr wbit tbny lukbt tl dn. Pn anxt jlatb, ialtbnr nxpoihan` tbit sumb i

jhsnridon Mrnw, H bivn anvnr dnlrn, bi` tbn jhslrtuan tl mljjia`. I tbhr` mip-

tiha wrltn ha Cuan , [n bivn alt i di` ]bhps mljpiay, tbl i vnry wnif lan, is

tbn oist suppohns l jna, . . . wnrn oi`s jumb tll sohkbt lr wlrfhak Kuas l tbn mioh-

drn, tbhs sbhp hs irjn` whtb.

Hai`nquitn ha quiohty ia` quiathty, jiaahak tbn Drhthsb aivy bis dnna

`nsmrhdn` is hts jlst hatrimtidon prldonj. ]fhoon` snijna tllf ynirs tl triha,

ia` whtblut tbnj tbn wll`na wirsbhps l tbn Tlyio Aivy wnrn riafoy usnonss.

Ittrhthla sustnrn` ha twl `nmi`ns l wirirn ikihast Tnvlouthlairy ia` Aiplonlahm

Griamnia` it thjns ]piha, @najirf, ia` i aujdnr l ltbnr mluatrhnsjniat

tbit a`hak snijna lr Drhtihas wirsbhps dnmijn nvnr jlrn `hmuot, nspnmhiooy

shamn tbn Tlyio Aivy mljpntn` lr jiaplwnr ikihast jlrn-ittrimthvn njpolyjnat

lpplrtuahthns ha jnrmbiat sbhps. Wlouatnnrs lr tbn aivio snrvhmn h` alt prlvn su-

mhnat, ia` tbn aivys oni`nrsbhp rnslrtn` tl lrmhdon rnmruhtjnat lr hjprnssjnat.

^sn` ha nvnry wir l tbn nhkbtnnatb mnatury, ht wis nxtrilr`hairhoy uaplpuoir ha

Drhtiha, dut tbn stritnkhm hjpnrithvn l fnnphak tbn Tlyio Aivy lpnrithlaio prlvh`n`

aivio oni`nrs whtb i custhmithla lr tbn qunsthlaidon primthmn l hjprnssjnat.

Jiaplwnr nmhnamhns ia` tbn haidhohty tl rnpoimn bujia ittrhthla mlatrhdutn`

tl i nmohan ha tbn Tlyio Aivys strnaktb dy tbn thjn l tbn [ir l . Pn aujdnr

l sbhps ha lpnrithlaio mljjia`s noo rlj ha Cuoy tl ha Cuoy , nvnatblukb tbn aivys mljjhtjnats bi` alt `nmohan` prlplrthlaitnoy. Pn sbhps l

Cuoy rnsuotn` ha i sivhaks l , jna lvnr wbit wis anmnssiry lr tbn

sbhps l .Pnsn jiaplwnr kurns wnrn disn` la iutblrhzn` mljponjnats,

dut sbhps wnrn alt iowiys jiaan` tl tbhs onvno.l fnnp jlrn wirsbhps it sni, tbnhr

iutblrhzn` mljponjnats wnrn rn`umn` tl onss tbia lpthjio aujdnrs, oni`hak lan

mlatnjplriry tl wrhtn, Pn jitrhnoia` pnrslaanownrn jlrn tbia nvnr lut l

tbnhr `un prlplrthlas.

Pn Drhthsb aivy mlashstnatoy bi` jlrn sbhps tbia mluo` dn jiaan`, dut lan

sbluo` dn mirnuo ha mluathak sbhps. ]nvnrio stu`hns mhtn Drhthsb aivio strnaktbit ipprlxhjitnoy lan tblusia` wirsbhps. Plukb trun la pipnr, tbhs kurn

hamou`n` nvnrytbhak rlj stithlairy sbhps tl prhsla buofs6 hastni`, tbn aujdnr l


21/39


lpnrithlaio sbhps dy tbn oitn Aiplonlahm pnrhl` virhn` lvnr thjn dntwnna vn bua-

`rn` ia` shx bua`rn`. Ha i mljpirithvn rijnwlrf, tbhs wis sthoo quhtn hjprnsshvn,

shamn tbn Ijnrhmia aivy ùrhak tbn [ir l bi` dut gnna tl twnaty lmnia-klhak wirsbhps, ia` laoy drhnffly ha Cuoy wnrn nvna tna it sni shjuotianlusoy.

Lan mljjla issujpthla hs tbit Drhtiha bia`hoy `nnitn` hts lpplanats ia`

rnmljjhsshlan` tbn mipturn` wirsbhps, dut tbn rlon l mipturns mia dn lvnrstitn`.

Ha Cuoy tbn Drhthsb aivy bi` sbhps ha lpnrithlaio mljjia`s, pnrmnat l

tbnj l Drhthsb mlastrumthla. Olaknvhty prlvn` jlrn hjplrtiat tbia mljjhsshla-

hak mipturns. Ha jh`- tbn ivnrikn thjn shamn tbn oiuamb itn lr i npolyn` rhk-

itn wis . ynirs. ]bhps l tbn ohan wnrn nvna lo`nr, whtb ia ivnrikn oiuamb ìtn

l jh`-.Fnnphak lo`nr sbhps lpnrithlaio prlvn` fny tl Drhtihas aivio plwnr.

]ustihahak sumb i oirkn ia` ikn` fflnnt `njia`n` supnrd jiaiknjnat, trnjna`lus

aiamhio lutoiys, ia` biransshak hamrnishak onvnos l haùstrhiohzithla. Ha tbnsn

irnis, Drhtihas niroy-ahantnnatb-mnatury mipidhohthns `wirn` hts rhvios.]bhp prl-

ùmthla ia` jihatnaiamn mnrtihaoy plsn` onss l i prldonj tbia jiaahak tbnj,

ia`, ha sljn rnspnmts, Drhtihas jitnrhio i`viatikns lstsnt jiaplwnr nmhnamhns.

R

Pn Tlyio Aivy bi` tbrnn dishm typns l wirsbhpssbhps l tbn ohan, rhkitns, ia`sjioonr vnssnos (snn idon .). ]bhps l tbn ohan, sljnthjns mioon` dittonsbhps, wnrn

tbn aivys jlst hjplshak sbhps, `nshkan` tl stia` ha i ohan l ditton ia` tri`n

drli`sh`ns ha fflnnt-la-fflnnt nakiknjnats. Pn oirknst sbhps l tbn ohan mljprhsn`

tbn rst ia` snmla` ritns whtb tbrnn uoo kua `nmfs, ritn` lr ahanty lr jlrn kuas.

Dy oitn ha tbn Aiplonlahm pnrhl` tbnhr aujdnr bi` `nmohan`, ia` tbny poiyn` ohtton

rlon ha tbn [ir l shamn tbn stlutnst ^.]. wirsbhps ha wnrn vnry oirkn rhk-

itns ohfn tbn Urnsh`nat.Hamrnishakoy, tbn -kua tbhr` ritn whtb twl uoo kua `nmfs,

plssnsshak i supnrhlr rithl dntwnna mlst, sniwlrtbhanss, rnplwnr, spnn`, ia` mrnw

shzn, `ljhaitn` Drhthsb sbhps l tbn ohan.

Grhkitns wnrn mipidon l aniroy nvnrytbhak nxmnpt stia`hak ha i ohan l ditton.

Uirthmuoiroy, tbny mluo` ua`nrtifn ha`npna`nat jhsshlas, ia` tbny wnrn nxmnoonat

lr pitrlo, smluthak, ia` mlavly nsmlrts. Grhkitns rnquhrn` i tbhr` tl bio tbn jna

l i sbhp l tbn ohan, ia` dy Drhthsb rhkitns wnrn alrjiooy ritn` lr tbhrty-shx

lr tbhrty-nhkbt kuas. Phrty-shx-kua rhkitns `hspoimn` sohkbtoy onss tbia lan tblu-

sia` tlas, ia` tbn -kua virhnty `hspoimn` sohkbtoy jlrn. Dltb typns knanriooy

bi` i prhamhpio irjijnat l -plua` olak kuas jluatn` la i shakon mlathaulus

kua `nmf ruaahak tbn onaktb l tbn rhkitn. I``hthlaio ohkbtnr miaalas ia` mirrla-

i`ns wnrn jluatn` lan `nmf bhkbnr. Phs wis alt i mlathaulus kua `nmf6 hastni`,


22/39

Pbn Tlyio Aivy, tbn ahtn ]titns Aivy, ia tbn Dimfkrlua tl [ir >

snvnrio kuas wnrn poimn` la tbn lrnmiston it tbn dlw l tbn sbhp, wbhon i oirknraujdnr l kuas wnrn irriakn` la tbn quirtnr`nmf tlwir` tbn stnra. Pnrn wnrn al

kuas poimn` ha tbn jh`òn l tbn sbhp ha tbn irni falwa is tbn wihst.

]jioonr wirsbhps snrvn` is tbn mitmbioo mitnklry. It hts uppnr ohjht, tbnsn vns-

snos wnrn usn` ha i jiaanr shjhoir tl sjioo rhkitns, ynt nimb wis jiaan` dy i tbhr`

tl bio is jiay jna ia` mlst shkahmiatoy onss. Pn oirknst vnssnos ha tbhs mitnklry

wnrn tbn shxtb ritns6 tbnsn wnrn sbhp-rhkkn` whtb tbrnn jists (lrnjist, jihajist,

ia` jhzznajist), ia` lgna ollfn` ohfn jhahiturn rhkitns, bivhak i quirtnr`nmf

ia` lrnmiston. Jlrn aujnrlus wnrn tbn twl-jistn` drhk sollps. Gousb-`nmfn`

jniahak tbny `h` alt bivn i trun lrnmiston lr quirtnr`nmftbny wnrn `nshkanìs hastrujnats l sni mlatrlo, tl prlcnmt Drhthsb sni plwnr. Pny wnrn knanriooy

i`nquitn lr pitrloohak, nsmlrthak mlavlys, ia` wlrfhak ha tbn ohttlrios. Pn jlst

mljjla wirsbhp l tbhs typn wis tbn Mruhznr moiss tbit `hspoimn` cust onss tbia

lur bua`rn` tlas whtb i stiaìr` irjijnat l x olak -plua` kuas ia` x

-plua` mirrlai`ns.Drhtiha iosl plssnssn` i shkahmiat aujdnr l kuadrhks, lr

oirkn kuadlits jluathak ipprlxhjitnoy twnovn kuas. Pny oimfn` tbn naùriamn l

tbn sollps ia` wnrn knanriooy usn` molsn tl disns is wnoo is ha tbn ohttlrios ia` mla-

strhmtn` witnrs. Alt surprhshakoy jiay kuadrhks snrvn` irlua` tbn Drhthsb Hsons ia`

ha tbn Diothm. Pn Tlyio Aivy iosl bi` i nw muttnrs ia` smbllanrs tbit wnrn usn`prhjirhoy lr hspitmb ia` pitrlo wlrf.

idon .. ltio Aujdnr lg @npolyn` [irsbhps ha tbn Tlyio Aivy, Cuoy

ypn Kuas Aujdnr

]bhps l tbn ohan Ghrst ritns +

]nmla` ritns

Phr` ritns

]jioo twl-`nmfn` sbhps

Grhkitns Ghgb ritns

]hxtb ritns

]jioonr vnssnos]ollps / Kua drhks /Muttnrs / ntm.

onss tbia

ltio >97

]lurmn3 ]bhps ha ]ni Uiy, 9 Cuo 9294, I@J 2/955.

Altn3 Pn kurns lr wirsbhps rlj tbn snmthla ohsthak uaipprlprhitn` sbhps bivn alt dnna hamou`n` ha tbn tidondnmiusn sljn l tbn sbhps la tbn ohst wnrn alt uooy jiaan` ia` tbus wnrn hamipidon l hjjn`hitn lpnrithlas.


23/39


Dy tbn [ir l , tbn jiclrhty l tbn kuas la sjioonr vnssnos wnrn mirrlai`ns.

Jumb ohkbtnr tbia stiaìr` kuas, tbny tbrnw i bnivy wnhkbt l jntio, iodnht lr sblrt

`hstiamns. Pn mirrlai`n ioolwn` sjioo wirsbhps tl bivn tbn bhkbnst drli`sh`n-tl-tlaaikn rithl l iay typn l wirsbhp ha tbn Tlyio Aivy. Glr nxijpon, tbn Drhthsb

lrhkhaiooy hatna`n` tbit tbn oni` sbhp l wbit dnmijn tbn aujnrlus Mruhznrmoiss

bivn ia irjijnat l x -plua` olak kuas, dut dy sudsthtuthak mirrlai`ns, bnr

drli`sh`n wnhkbt hamrnisn` rlj tl plua`s.

Plukb tbhs mbiakn hamrnisn` ontbiohty, Drhthsb mirrlai`ns bi` mnrtiha `nshka

iuots, immlr`hak tl [hoohij Cijns. Is i bhstlrhia l tbn Tlyio Aivy ia i mlatnj-

plriry l tbn pnrhl`, Cijns oniran` rlj aivio lmnrs tbit Drhthsb mirrlai`ns wnrn

ohkbtnr tbia tbnhr Ijnrhmia mluatnrpirts, jifhak tbnj uastni`y ha imthla. Drhthsb

mirrlai`ns iosl bi` sblrtnr juzzons ia` olaknr drnnmbns, jniahak tbn wniplas

bnitn` jlrn riphòy whtb rhak6 ha i``hthla, Drhthsb rlua`s `h` alt mirry is ir is

tblsn sblt rlj Ijnrhmia mirrlai`ns. Cijns issnrtn` tbit nshka iuots wnrn lua` ha

ioo shzns l Drhthsb mirrlai`ns dut wnrn pirthmuoiroy prlaluamn` ha tbn -plua` typn.

R

L tbn jiclr aivhns, Drhtihas ji`n tbn krnitnst usn l rhkitns ia` sjioonr vnssnos.

Phs wis pirthmuoiroy trun ignr riiokir. Plukb tbn Drhthsb tllf tbn plsshdhohty li oirkn fflnnt nakiknjnat snrhlusoy, tbn Grnamb aivy rirnoy put tl sni ha aujdnrs,

ia` Drhtiha bi` tl `nvltn hamrnishak ittnathla tl plohmhak tbn snis ia` ittnjpthak

tl mlatrlo jirhthjn mljjuahmithlas.Is tbn `ljhaiat aivio plwnr, Drhtiha bi`

tl dn prnpirn` lr pltnathio ia` `nvnolphak tbrnits ia` sustiha i prnsnamn, nspn-

mhiooy ha stritnkhmiooy hjplrtiat irnis. Phs natihon` tbn ann` tl pitrlo nvnr-oirknr

knlkripbhm irnis ia` rnsuotn` ha anw mljjia`s, hamou`hak `hsthamt mljjia`s

lst tbn nist mlist l ]lutb Ijnrhmi ia` it tbn Mipn l Kll` Blpn. Nvna ignr tbn

Drhthsb mipturn` tbn oist Grnamb disn it Jiurhthus ha ia` tbn oist @utmb disn

it Civi ha , tbn Drhthsb fnpt nhkbtnna wirsbhps, l wbhmb tna wnrn rhkitns, ha tbnHa`hia Lmnia tbrlukb .Jlrnlvnr, tbnsn wnrn `hmuot mljjia`s tl sustiha,

khvna tbnhr `hstiamn rlj tbn Drhthsb Hsons. ]jioonr wirsbhps prlvh`n` Drhtiha ia

nstnmthvn jnias l nxnrmhshak mljjia` l tbn sni whtb nwnr snijna6 blwnvnr, tbn

usn l sjioonr wirsbhps jniat tbny jhkbt dn olst h tbn shtuithla ha i rnkhla `ntn-

rhlritn`. Ha sumb misns tbn Drhthsb ittnjptn` tl surkn rnhalrmnjnats tl rnnstid-

ohsb tbnhr aivio prnsnamn. Phs mnrtihaoy lmmurrn` ha snvnrio rnkhlas ùrhak tbn [ir

l . Pn mljponxhty l jiaikhak anir-koldio `npolyjnats ia` issnsshak rhsf

ji`n nxnrmhshak mljjia` i ir jlrn auiamn` ia` pltnathiooy i jlrn `hmuot ihj

tbia kihahak mljjia`. Jlrnlvnr, nxnrmhshak mljjia` wis ia ha`nahtn ldcnmt

tbit `h` alt na` whtb tbn wir.


24/39

Pbn Tlyio Aivy, tbn ahtn ]titns Aivy, ia tbn Dimfkrlua tl [ir ;

rimfhak fflnnt `npolyjnats ha tbn rst bio l sbn`s ohkbt la Drhtihas wir-

thjn prhlrhthns. Pn prhamhpio ditton fflnnts lpnritn` ha tbn Jn`htnrriania ]ni, tbn

Alrtb ]ni, ia` tbn slutbnra ipprlimbns tl tbn Nakohsb Mbiaano sl is tl dolmf-i`n tbn Grnamb aivio disns sumb is luola, Iatwnrp, ia` Drnst. Pnsn Drhthsb dit-

ton fflnnts wnrn ann`n` tl mlarlat Aiplonlas nxpiashvn aivio-duho`hak prlkrij

ignr riiokir tbit njpbishzn` tbn mlastrumthla l sbhps l tbn ohan whtb tbn ldcnmt

l mrnithak i quiathtithvnoy supnrhlr fflnnt. Is olak is Aiplonla sustihan` i aivio-

duho`hak prlkrij, tbn Drhthsb bi` tl jihatiha hts dolmfi`n squi`rlas. Phs hjpnr-

ithvn `rihan` ipprlxhjitnoy pnrmnat l tbn Tlyio Aivys sbhps l tbn ohan ia`

havlovn` `nnashvn `npolyjnats wbnrn tbn hahthithvn rnstn` whtb tbn Grnamb3 tbny

mluo` phmf tbn thjn tl siho, wbnrnis tbn Tlyio Aivy bi` tl jihatiha i mlastiat

prnsnamn lst Grnamb aivio plrts ha ioo wnitbnr mla`hthlas. Dut, is lan Drhthsb i`jh-

rio put ht, stlpphak tbn Nanjys sbhps ha plrt wbnrn tbny mia dn sl nishoy mlaan`

wis tbn purplsn l tbn dolmfi`hak squi`rlas.Blwnvnr, tbn Drhthsb I`jhrioty

wlrrhn` idlut tbn krnit ia` `ihoy hamrnishak lrmn l tbn Nanjy ha ioo tbnhr `h-

nrnat plrts. Ha Cuan `hrnmthlas wnat lut tl fflnnt mljjia`nrs tl jihatiha ia

nvnr-jlrn-vhkhoiat dolmfi`n. Issnssjnats l olak-tnrj trna`s wnrn nvna jlrn hs-

mlurikhak, whtb lan I`jhrioty lmhio qunsthlahak blw ht whoo nvna dn plsshdon tl

fnnp up tbn systnj l Dolmfi`n is bn hamrnisns bhs lrmn hs dnyla` jy mljprnbna-

shla lr ht hs tltiooy hjplsshdon tl hamrnisn lur aivy ha tbit rithl.

@npolyhak i`nquitn lrmns tl mlarlat Grnamb aivio mlastrumthla bi` dnkua

tl strnss tbn Tlyio Aivy la tbn nvn l tbn [ir l , nspnmhiooy shamn ltbnr stritn-

khm hjpnrithvns iosl rnquhrn` tbn prnmhlus wirsbhps. @npolyjnats ha tbn Diothm ur-

hak tbn oittnr ynirs l tbn Aiplonlahm [irs snrvn` i twl-lo` purplsn l prltnmthak

mlavlys mirryhak aivio stlrns nssnathio tl Drhtihas aivio survhvio, ia` ittnjpthak

tl prnvnat tbn Diothm rlj dnmljhak i oifn `ljhaitn` dy Griamn ia` nspnmhiooy hts

ioohns. Lst tbn ]piahsb ia` Ulrtukunsn mlists, i``hthlaio `npolyjnats supplrtn`

tbn oia` mijpihka la tbn Hdnrhia Unahasuoi dnhak lrmbnstritn` dy tbn uturn @ufn

l [noohaktla.

Lutsh`n Nurlpn prhlr tl , tbn Drhthsb bi` solwoy nohjhaitn` ioo mlolahns

dnolakhak tl Griamn ia` hts isslmhitns6 lamn tbnsn mlolahns wnrn ha Drhthsb bia`s,

tbn I`jhrioty `h` alt rnmioo hts aivio squi`rlas. Hastni`, tbn Drhthsb mlathaun`

tl nxnrmhsn mljjia` l tbn sni shamn hts nmlaljhm systnj `njia`n` tbn jiha-

tnaiamn l `npolyjnats tl prltnmt Drhtihas mlolahns ia` tri`n rlutns. Drhtihas

hjplrts jlrn tbia `ludon` dntwnna ia` , wbhon nxplrts hamrnisn` dy i

tbhr` ia` rn-nxplrts aniroy trhpon`.l sinkuir` nxpia`hak tri`n, aivio squi`-

rlas wnrn rntllon` tl rnfflnmt tbrnits ha tbnhr irnis l lpnrithla. Titbnr tbia ditton

fflnnts, squi`rlas la lrnhka stithlas snrvn` is rnjha`nrs l Drhthsb plwnr whtb ohj-htn` mipidhohthns tl `nio whtb njnrkhak tbrnits. [htblut nxmnpthla, tbn Tlyio Aivys


25/39


lrnhka squi`rlas wnrn shtuitn` iolak lr it tbn tnrjhaus l bnr sni-ohans l mlj-

juahmithlas, hanxtrhmidoy ohafhak tri`n rlutns whtb aivio `npolyjnats.

R

Pn hatnrimthla dntwnna Alrtb Itoiathm tri`n rlutns ia` Drhthsb aivio npolyjnats

`lns jumb tl nxpoiha tbn aiturn l tbn [ir l la tbn lmnias. [ha` ia` mur-

rnats dltb hjpn`n` ia` `hmtitn` tbn jlvnjnat l sihohak sbhps tl mrnitn i bhkb

onvno l prn`hmtidhohty ha tbn pitb ia` thjhak l jirhthjn mljjnrmn. Urn`hmtidhohty

on` tl vuoanridhohty ia` tbn pltnathio lr hatnr`hmthla. l jhahjhzn jirhthjn rhsf,

Drhtiha mrnitn` i mlavly systnj tbit dnmijn hamrnishakoy pnrvishvn ia` slpbhsth-mitn` ùrhak tbn Aiplonlahm Unrhl`.

MudiMudi

Anwgluaòia`

BiohgixDlstla

Anw Xlrf

]urhai

j

Dnrjuì

Dibijis

CijihmiDirdi`ls

MipnWnr`nHsoia`

Ji`nhriHsoia`

Izlrns

25 75 05 45

05

45

45057525

45

05

Kuyia

i

PlDnrju i

Pl

tbn

Nis

t

Ha`

hns

PlCijihmi

TnturatlDrhtiha

PlAnwgluaòia`,Biohgix,Alrtb

^.].

Ha tbn Itoiathm, murrnats ia` wha`s jlvn ha i molmfwhsn pittnra. Mlavlys oniv-

hak tbn âhtn` Fhak`lj strntmbn` slutb ia` wnst tlwir` Ji`nhri. Phs hsoia`

mluo` dn snna rlj ir lst, khvna hts jluatihalus tlplkripby, sl ht snrvn` is i rna-`nzvlus lr smittnrn` Drhthsb mlavlys. ]bhps mlathauhak tlwir` ]lutb Ijnrhmi ia`

tbn Nist Ha`hns prnssn` slutb l Ji`nhri, wbhon sbhps bni`n` lr tbn Mirhddnia ia`

Jip 9.9 Pn Alrtb Itoiathm ri`n Tlutns


26/39

Pbn Tlyio Aivy, tbn ahtn ]titns Aivy, ia tbn Dimfkrlua tl [ir 8

Alrtb Ijnrhmi loolwn` tbn murrnat ia` tbn wha` wnst imrlss tbn Itoiathm, whtb

mlavlys lmmishlaiooy rikjnathak is sbhps drlfn lst lr Dnrjuì ia` tbn âhtn`

]titns. Is mlavlys ipprlimbn` tbn [ha`wir` Hsoia`s, sbhps lr plrts ha prnsnat-ìy Kuyiai ia` ]urhaijn pirtn` mljpiay whtb tbn mlavly, wbhon tbn mlavly

mlathaun` tl tbn [ha`wir` Hsoia`s. Pn rnjihahak sbhps usuiooy ittnjptn` tl

jifn Dirdi`ls, tbn jlst wha`wir` l tbn [ha`wir` Hsoia`s.La tbhs hsoia` tbn

Drhthsb disn` hts piri`lxhmiooy aijn` Onnwir` Hsoia`s ]tithla. Dy hts jhsshlas

havlovn` pitrloohak tbn witnrs irlua` tbn [ha`wir` ia` Onnwir` Hsoia`s, is wnoo

is tbn alrtbnra mlist l ]lutb Ijnrhmi.

Grlj Dirdi`ls, mlavlys lgna sihon` lr Cijihmi. Khvna prnvihohak mla`hthlas,

tbhs wis ia nisy vlyikn, dut tbn sijn prnvihohak mla`hthlas ji`n tbn rnvnrsn hjpls-

shdon. Pn haidhohty tl siho hrnmtoy rlj Cijihmi tl Dirdi`ls on` tbn I`jhrioty tl snt

up ia ha`npna`nat mljjia` it Cijihmi. Ha tbn tisfs l tbhs stithla hamou`n`

prltnmthak Cijihmi ia` jihatihahak kll` lr`nr ha tbn Kuo l Jnxhml, wbhmb on` tl

pitrlos lst tbn jlutb l tbn Jhsshsshpph Thvnr. Khvna tbn murrnats, tbn stithla iosl

hamou`n` tbn snis irlua` Mudi, Golrhì, ia` tbn Dibijis. Lutdlua` Cijihmi mla-

vlys usn` i ivlridon murrnat tl piss dntwnna Golrh i ia` Mudi ia` tbna dntwnna

Golrhì ia` tbn Dibijis, phmfhak up tbn Kuo ]trnij ia` rnclhahak tbn molmfwhsn

wha` ia` murrnats l tbn Itoiathm.

Dy tbn krnit jiclrhty l tbn Drhthsb wirsbhps ha tbn Onnwir` Hsoia`s ia`

Cijihmi ]tithlas mlashstn` l sollps ia` ltbnr sjioo vnssnos, rnfflnmthak tbn Drhthsb

I`jhriotys issnssjnat l i oimf l ia hjjhanat aivio tbrnit (snn idon .). I

Drhthsb klvnrajnat jnjlriaùj nxpoihan` tbit, ha , altbhak lmmurrn` tl

haùmn tbn I`jhrioty tl hamrnisn tbhs driamb l tbn aivio lrmn. Pn Grnamb sblwn`

al `hsplshthla tl pusb lut tl tbn [nst Ha`hns6 dltb tbn Biythia VshmZ Mbhns prl-

nssn` rhna`sbhp lr Nakoia`6 tbn rnmnpthla l Grnamb prhvitnnrs ha ]piahsb plrts

dnmijn jlrn hjprldidon6 ia`, tblukb tbn mlash`nrithla l plsshdon ìaknr `h`

alt mnisn . . . tbn I`jhrioty . . . tblukbt tbnjsnovns custhn` ha rnùmhak ha i sjioo

`nkrnn tbn [nst Ha`hi lrmn.

idon .. Mljpirithvn ]trnaktb lg Drhthsb Aivio ]tithlas ha ltio [irsbhps

Biohix ]tithla

Cijihmi ]tithla

Onnwir` Hsoia`s ]tithla

ltios

]lurmn3 Drhthsb Aivy ha Alrtb Ijnrhmi, 92959=, Mistonrnikb, 234272;.


27/39


Mljjnrmn rnturahak tl Drhtiha rlj tbn Onnwir` Hsoia`s ia` Cijihmi ]tithlas

sihon` alrtb, pirioonohak tbn nistnra snidlir` l tbn âhtn` ]titns ia` Drhthsb

Miaiì dnlrn irmbhak nistwir` hatl tbn Itoiathm, pisshak alrtbwnst l tbn Izlrns,ia` mlathauhak la tlwir` tbn slutbnra mlists l Nakoia` ia` Hrnoia`. ^shak tbn

Izlrns is i wiyplhat mnrtihaoy i``n` tl tbn vuoanridhohty l tbn rlutn, dut ht iosl

snrvn` is ia nstnmthvn rna`nzvlus, shjhoir tl Ji`nhri la tbn wiy lut. l jhahjhzn

tbn rhsf l pirioonohak tbn ^.]. mlist, tbn Drhthsb `npolyn` i squi`rla disn` lut l

Biohix ia` Dnrjuì. Hts isshkajnats wnrn aujnrlus ia` hamou`n` tbn prltnm-

thla l tri`n, tbn jirhthjn `nnasn l Drhthsb Miaiì ia` Dnrjuì, ia` hatnrim-

thlas whtb tbn ahtn` ]titns. Pn oittnr dnmijn hamrnishakoy shkahmiat is Ijnrhmia

jnrmbiat mljjnrmn krnw, prlpnoon` dy .]. anutriohty ha tbn Grnamb Tnvlouthlairy

ia` Aiplonlahm [irs.

Pn aio Drhthsb squi`rla ha Alrtb Ijnrhmi, tbn Anwluaòia` ]tithla, wis

prhjirhoy i snislaio `npolyjnat. [irsbhps sihon` rlj Drhtiha dntwnna Jirmb

ia` Cuan tl prltnmt tbn Anwluaòia` sbnrhns ia` mljjnrmn pisshak tbn Kria`

Diafs. Jlst l tbn stithlas wirsbhps whatnrn` ha tbn âhtn` Fhak`lj. Lvnrioo, tbhs

wis tbn sjioonst l tbn Alrtb Ijnrhmia stithlas, mlatihahak ipprlxhjitnoy twnovn

wirsbhps urhak tbn sujjnr.

Jnrmbiat sbhpphak lr tbn Anwluaòia` sbnrhns, lgna Miaiì, ia` nvna

tbn alrtbnra âhtn` ]titns `npirtn` tbn Drhthsb Hsons ia` tbna sihon` wnst iolak

tbn ipprlxhjitn oithtu`n l A. Phs wis sohkbtoy alrtb l tbn prnvihohak wha`s

tbit drlukbt tbn Cijihmi ia` [nst Ha`hns tri`n tl Drhtiha. Gloolwhak tbn oith-

tu`n mirrhn` sbhps `hrnmtoy tl Anwluaòia`6 tifhak i`viatikn l ivlridon mur-

rnats ia` wha`s, sbhps mluo` jifn tbn Kuo l ]t. Oiwrnamn lr tbn vlyikn hatl

Yundnm, Biohix, ia` nvna Dlstla. Pn rntura rlutn tippn` hatl tbn sijn prnviho-

hak wha`s ia` murrnats tbit ioolwn` sbhps rnturahak rlj tbn Mirhddnia tl prl-

mnn` vhi tbn Izlrns.

Pn sni-oians tbit mlavnrkn` la tbn Drhthsb Hsons mlamnatritn` mljjnrmn

ha i ahtn spimn, jifhak ht vuoanridon. Jlrnlvnr, mlavlys lgna smittnrn` is tbnyrnimbn` Drhtiha sl jnrmbiats mluo` kiha tbnhr rnspnmthvn plrts. Is i rnsuot, tbn

Drhthsb snt up i stithla it Mlrf ha Hrnoia` tl mlvnr tbn irrhvio l Nist ia` [nst Ha`hi

mlavlys. Aivio stithlas `lttn` Nakoia`s nist mlist it Uoyjlutb, Ulrtsjlutb, ia`

Xirjlutb, wbhon mljjia`s it tbn @lwans ia` ]bnnranss prltnmtn` Ola`la ia`

tbn Pijns Nstuiry. I aio squi`rla lpnritn` lut l Onhtb (plrt lr N`hadurkb) tl

supplrt tri`n tl tbn alrtb.

idon . ha`hmitns tbit tbn Drhthsb aivy bi` wirsbhps ha lpnrithlaio `npoly-

jnats is l Cuoy . L tbnsn, i ir rlj hashkahmiat pnrmnat wnrn stithlan`

irlua` tbn Drhthsb Hsons. Idlut bio l tbn aivy lpnritn` la lrnhka stithlas, hamou`-hak tblsn ha tbn Jn`htnrriania ia` Ulrtukio. Pn idhohty tl fnnp -pous wir-

sbhps `npolyn` la lrnhka stithlas, sljn is ir iwiy is Mbhai, `njlastritn` tbn


28/39


mljponxhty l tbn olkhsthm ia` i`jhahstrithvn systnjs `nvnolpn` dy Drhtiha, nspn-

mhiooy mlash`nrhak tbit al ltbnr shakon mlatnjplriry aivy bi` sl jiay lmnia-

klhak wirsbhps ha hts havnatlry.

Nvna whtb hts mljpirithvnoy oirkn shzn, Drhtihas mljjhtjnats jniat tbit hts

aivy wis strntmbn` tbha wbna tbn ^ahtn` ]titns `nmoirn` wir ha Cuan . Pn

Tlyio Aivy mlathaun` tl kbt tbn nxhstnathio tbrnit l Aiplonlahm Griamn. It tbnsijn thjn, tbn Drhthsb aivy nalrmn` kll` lr`nr it sni la i anir-koldio dishs,

wbhon tbn Tlyio Aivys shzn bi` `nmohan` rlj `npolyn` sbhps ha tl

idon .. Drhthsb Aivio @npolyjnats, Cuoy

]bhps lgtbn ohan Grhkitns ]jioonrvnssnos ltio

Jn`htnrriania

nxno & ]mbno`t

Diothm

Mbiaano

Ulrtukio

Nist Ha`hns

Mipn l Kll` Blpn ]lutb Ijnrhmi

Onnwir` Hsoia`s

Cijihmi

Alrtb Ijnrhmi

Anwlua`oia`

Hrnoia`

Mbiaano Hsoia`s

Uoyjlutb

Ulrtsjlutb

@lwans

]bnnranss

Xirjlutb

Onhtb

Mlavlys & Uirthmuoir ]nrvhmn

ltios

]lurmn3 ]bhps ha ]ni Uiy, 9 Cuo 9294, I@J 2/955.

Altn3 Pn mlouja lr rhkitns iosl mlatihas twl-`nmfn` >5-kua sbhps ia` twl-`nmfn` 00-kua sbhps.


29/39


ha Cuoy . Jlrnlvnr, tbn âhtn` ]titns wis i pltnathiooy ìaknrlus lpplanat

whtb jiay trihan` siholrs ia` i sjioo aivy. Ha i``hthla, Alrtb Ijnrhmi wis ir

rlj tbn Drhthsb Hsons, prnsnathak olkhsthmio ia` `npolyjnat prldonjs. Nxpnrhnamnrlj tbn Ijnrhmia Tnvlouthla ia` ia ua`nrstia`hak l knlkripby lrntlo` tbit

tbn wir wluo` bivn i shkahmiat aivio mljplanat. Blwnvnr, Drhtihas aivio oni`nr-

sbhp oimfn` tbn idhohty tl riphòy surkn lrmns tl tbn Alrtb Ijnrhmia irni l lpnri-

thlas. Laoy shx sbhps l tbn ohan, shx rhkitns, ia` nonvna sjioonr wirsbhps wnrn ha

rnsnrvn la Cuoy , dut sljn wnrn alt ha i mla`hthla lr `hstiat `npolyjnats

ia` tbn jiaahak onvno l tbnsn sbhps virhn`.Tnioolmithak sbhps rlj ltbnr mlj-

jia`s wis ia lpthla, dut nw mljjia`s bi` ua`nruthohzn` issnts. ifna tlkntbnr,

tbnsn imtlrs jniat tbit Drhthsb oni`nrsbhp imn` i bhkb onvno l uamnrtihaty it tbn

lutdrnif l blsthohthns, ia` tbn I`jhrioty oimfn` tbn jnias tl riphòy rnhalrmn tbn

mljjia`s jlst istnmtn` dy tbn [ir l .

R

[bnrnis Drhtiha `ljhaitn` tbn snis ha tbn ynirs dnlrn tbn [ir l , tbn âhtn`

]titns onvnrikn` hts anutrio stitus tl imhohtitn tri`n whtb ioo dnoohknrnats. Ha tbn prl-

mnss, Ijnrhmia nxplrts jlrn tbia qui`rupon` dntwnna ia` . Pn rhshak

tri`n on` tl tbn jnrmbiat jirhan krlwhak rlj , tlas ha tl , ha, jifhak tbn âhtn` ]titns tbn oirknst anutrio tri`hak stitn l tbn thjn.

Glr tbn âhtn` ]titns, tbn prltnmthla l mljjnrmn spurrn` tbn `nvnolpjnat l

i sjioo aivy ia` on` tl mljdit `npolyjnats. Dntwnna ia` tbn âhtn`

]titns wikn` ia ua`nmoirn` aivio wir ikihast Griamn tl `nna` Ijnrhmia mlj-

jnrmhio rhkbts. Falwa is tbn Yuish-[ir, tbn Ijnrhmia aivy kihan` hts rst vhm-

tlrhns.]lla ignr, Ijnrhmia wirsbhps `npolyn` tl tbn Jn`htnrriania tl mlarlat

snvnrio Alrtb Irhmia stitns. Lgna mioon` tbn Dirdiry phritns, tbn Alrtb Irhmias

usn` tbn `hsolmithla l tbn Nurlpnia mlafflhmt tl rnissnrt tbnhr bhstlrhmio plshthla dy

prnyhak la tbn Jn`htnrriania mljjnrmn l mluatrhns rnushak tl prlvh`n trhdutn.Titbnr tbia piy, tbn âhtn` ]titns snat hts aivy.Anhtbnr tbn Yuish-[ir alr prld-

onjs whtb tbn Alrtb Irhmia stitns wluo` bivn lmmurrn` is tbny `h` h Ijnrhmia

jnrmbiat sbhps bi` alt pohn` tbn lmnias, ia` h tbn `hsolmithla l tbn Nurlpnia wir

bi` alt mrnitn` jirhthjn hastidhohty tbit on` tl tbn birissjnat l ^.]. jirhthjn

mljjnrmn.

Ha i``hthla tl tbn idlvn prldonjs, i jirhthjn mlafflhmt solwoy nstnrn` dntwnna

Drhtiha ia` tbn âhtn` ]titns lvnr tbn loolwhak tbrnn, lgna lvnroipphak, hssuns3

tbn hjprnssjnat l ^.]. mhthznas hatl tbn Drhthsb aivy, tbn rnn pissikn l ^.]. jnr-

mbiat sbhpphak, ia` rhshak aivio iatiklahsj dntwnna tbn Drhthsb Tlyio Aivy ia`

tbn âhtn` ]titns Aivy.


30/39

Pbn Tlyio Aivy, tbn âhtn ]titns Aivy, ia tbn Dimfkrlua tl [ir 9=

Hjprnssjnat, lr lrmhdon rnmruhtjnat, prlvn` hatnkrio lr jiaahak tbn Drhthsb

aivy. Pn Tlyio Aivy issnrtn` hts rhkbt tl stlp Drhthsb ia` lrnhka-fflikkn` sbhps ia`

rnjlvn iay Drhthsb sudcnmts lr snrvhmn ha tbn aivy. Plukb Drhthsb oiw ji`n ht hoon-kio tl hjprnss lrnhkanrs, tblsn moihjhak ^.]. mhthznasbhp miusn` trnjna`lus `h-

muothns. Iukustus Glstnr, tbn Drhthsb jhahstnr tl [isbhaktla hjjn`hitnoy prhlr tl

tbn [ir l , nxpoihan`, Pn hamlavnahnamn anmnssirhoy rnsuothak rlj tbn shjh-

oirhty l bidhts, oiakuikn, ia` jiaanr, dntwnna tbn Habidhtiats l tbn twl Mluatrhns

hs prlùmthvn l ]udcnmts l Mljpoihat ia` rnkrnt.I rnoitn` prldonj havlovn` tbn

triasnr l mhthznasbhp lr aituriohzithla. Ijnrhmia lmhios ioolwn` ha`hvhùios tl

ldtiha mhthznasbhp ignr twl ynirs l rnsh`namn ha tbn âhtn` ]titns lr twl ynirs l

snrvhmn la dlir` i sbhp sihohak ua`nr tbn Ijnrhmia fflik. Dut, ia Nakohsb lmhio

jihatihan`, H al `hsthamthla mia dn ji`n dy tbn klvnrajnat l tbn âhtn` ]titns,

dntwnna aithvn ia` aituriohzn` Mhthznas6 ia` h nvnry Drhthsb ]nijia wbl nsmipns

tl Ijnrhmi jiy, h bn ponisns, dnmljn i aituriohzn` ]udcnmt, ht snnjs tl dn usn-

onss tl natnr hatl iay `hsmusshla lr irriaknjnat . . . is ht hs prnsujn` tbit wn sbioo

anvnr idia`la tbit uahvnrsiooy imfalwon`kn` jixhj ha tbn Oiw l Aithlas, tbit i

]udcnmt miaalt tbrlw lst bhs ioonkhiamn wbhmb loolws bhj wbnrnvnr bn klns.Pn

Drhthsb ia` Ijnrhmia vhnws l aituriohzithla `hstnrn`6 tbn Drhthsb laoy mlash`nrn`

tblsn dlra ha tbn âhtn` ]titns lr rnsh`hak tbnrn dnlrn is onkhthjitn ^.]. mhth-

znas. Tu`hjnatiry rnmlr`s ia` `lmujnatithla urtbnr mljpohmitn` tbn hssun dy

jifhak ht nisy tl mrnitn riuùonat rnmlr`s. Drhtihas Ghrst Olr` l tbn I`jhrioty

oijnatn` ha , Pus ht dnmljns i vnry hmuot plhat tl riw tbn ohan, ia` H bivn

iowiys mlash`nrn` tbhs is tbn krnitnst nvho irhshak rlj tbn snpirithla.

Is whtb jlst `hvhshvn hssuns, tbnrn wnrn twl pnrspnmthvns. La tbn lan bia`, tbn

âhtn` ]titns custoy `njia`n` rnspnmt lr hts mhthznas rhkbts, ia` tl dn surn, onkhth-

jitn ^.]. mhthznas wnrn lrmn` tl snrvn la dlir` Drhthsb wirsbhps. La tbn ltbnr

bia`, Drhthsb ia` Ijnrhmia oiw `nan` mhthznasbhp `hstnrnatoy6 snijna ji`n pnr-

vishvn usn l riuùonat prlls l .]. mhthznasbhp6 ia` pnrbips jlst hjplrtiat,

Drhtihas wir whtb Griamn `njia`n` i plwnruo aivy lr sno-prnsnrvithla. l sup-plrt tbn vhtio hatnrnst l Drhthsb sni plwnr, Tlyio Aivy oni`nrsbhp bi` al rnmlursn

whtbha hts nxhsthak systnj dut tl rnoy la hjprnssjnat. Plsn iosnoy hjprnssn` usn`

`hpoljithm ia` ltbnr mbiaanos tl ldtiha rnonisn. Drhthsb oni`nrs dnohnvn` tbny imtn`

ohdnriooy, ia` lan Tlyio Aivy lmnr wis prldidoy alt ir lst wbna bn mljpoihan`

ha , Dn issurn` bio tbn jna wn hsmbirkn is Ijnrhmias irn Nakohsb snijna.

Ialtbnr vhtio Drhthsb aithlaio hatnrnst havlovn` jihatihahak tbn rnn ffllw l

hts mljjnrmn wbhon rnstrhmthak Grnamb mljjnrmhio imthvhthns. [bnrnis tbn âhtn`

]titns supplrtn` tbn rnn ffllw l mljjnrmn, rnstrhmthlas la tri`n mlatri`hmtn`

Ijnrhmia nmlaljhm hatnrnsts. l jifn tbn hssun jlrn mlatnathlus, tbn Grnambklvnrajnat prljltn` anutrio mljjnrmn is i wiy tl wlrf irlua` Drhthsb aivio


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`ljhaiamn. Jlrnlvnr, Grnamb rnkuoithlas ji`n ht hoonkio lr Ijnrhmia jnr-

mbiats tl tri`n whtb Drhtiha. Ha ltbnr wlr`s, h tbn âhtn` ]titns loolwn` Drhthsb

rnkuoithlas, tbn Grnamb not mbnitn`, wbhon tbn Drhthsb mrhn` luo wbna Ijnrhmiajnrmbiats loolwn` Grnamb mljjnrmhio `hmtitns. Ijnrhmia jnrmbiats wnrn alt

haalmnat, is tbny piroiyn` anutriohty hatl nmlaljhm kiha dy ittnjpthak tl tri`n

whtb dltb dnoohknrnats.

]umb sbhgy jianuvnrhak prlvn` `hmuot tl jlahtlr, dut dltb Griamn ia`

Drhtiha `nnjn` ht hjplrtiat tl nxnrmhsn sljn mlatrlo lvnr lrnhka tri`n. Phs wis

pirthmuoiroy trun loolwhak riiokir. Dntwnna ia` , Drhthsb aivio `ljh-

aiamn krnw, wbhon Griamn wla oia` vhmtlrhns it Iustnrohtz, Cnai, Iunrst`t, ia`

Grhnòia`. Pn rnsuot wis i stionjitn dntwnna tbn wlro`s krnitnst oia` ia` sni plw-

nrs. l drnif tbn `niòlmf, dltb Drhtiha ia` Griamn turan` tl nmlaljhm wirirn.

Jlst altidoy, Aiplonla trhn` tbn Mlathanatio ]ystnj ia` tbn Drhthsb tbn Lr`nrs

ha Mluamho. Aiplonlas systnj, ia ittnjpt tl mlatrlo jirhthjn mljjnrmn whtblut

aivio plwnr, njnrkn` ha oitn ia` wis rnan` ùrhak tbn sudsnqunat ynirs.

Aiplonla onvnrikn` bhs oia` plwnr dy lrmhak jlst irnis l mlathanatio Nurlpn

tl nxmou`n lr mlasmitn tri`n rlj Drhtiha, lr tri`n tbit bi` pissn` tbrlukb tbn

Drhthsb Hsons, lr mljjnrmn la dlir` jnrmbiat vnssnos vhshtn` dy Drhthsb wirsbhps.

Pn Drhthsb Lr`nrs ha Mluamho `njia`n` tbit jnrmbiat vnssnos tri`hak whtb mla-

thanatio Nurlpn ldtiha ia Nakohsb ohmnasn. Gloolwhak Drhthsb `hmtitns rnsuotn` ha

Grnamb mlasmithla, ia` loolwhak Grnamb `hmtitns rnsuotn` ha mipturn dy Drhthsb

wirsbhps.

]hamn tbn âhtn` ]titns wis tbn oirknst anutrio tri`hak plwnr, tbn `nprnìthlas

rnsuothak rlj tbn Grnamb Mlathanatio ]ystnj ia` tbn Drhthsb Lr`nrs ha Mluamho

wnrn fnnaoy not. Plukb tbn imthlas l dltb Drhtiha ia` Griamn nmlaljhmiooy ìj-

ikn` tbn âhtn` ]titns, Urnsh`nat Pljis Cnstnrsla iptoy wrltn, [n rnshst tbn

natnrprhsns l Nakoia` rst, dnmiusn tbny rst mljn vhtiooy bljn tl us.Ha tbhs, bn

rnnrrn` tl tbn rnimb l tbn Tlyio Aivy tbit ioolwn` krnitnr plwnr l nalrmnjnat

ia` mrnitn` i mlastiat slurmn l rhmthla it sni tbit prlvn` hjplsshdon tl ijnohl-ritn. Lan jnjdnr l tbn ^.]. Mlakrnss put ht ohfn tbhs3 Alt laoy tbn sinty l bnr

VDrhtihasZ mlolahns idrli`, dut tbit l bnr vnry nxhstnamn is ia ha`npna`nat aithla

`npna`s upla bnr aivio supnrhlrhty.

Mljjnrmhio ia` hjprnssjnat hssuns sphoon` lvnr hatl i `nvnolphak aivio mla-

fflhmt dntwnna Drhtiha ia` tbn âhtn` ]titns. Lan nxijpon lmmurrn` ha wbna

Clba Tl`knrs, tbna mljjia`hak tbn ^.]. Jn`htnrriania ]qui`rla, wrltn tl

Miptiha Pljis Doi`na Mipno l tbn -kua Drhthsb rhkitn Ublndntbit tbnrn wnrn

twl Ijnrhmias la dlir` bhs sbhp. Ha rnsplasn, Mipno nxpoihan`, Pn Jistnr l tbn

Wnssno tbny wnrn hjprnssn` rlj, laoy issurn` jn tbit lan wis ia Ijnrhmia, dutis tbnhr Mnrthmitns wnrn alt Tnkuoir lr Monir H bi` strlak krlua`s lr ]upplshak

tbnj Nakohsb ]nijna, dut upla iay issuriamn rlj ylu tbit tbny irn rniooy


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Pbn Tlyio Aivy, tbn ahtn ]titns Aivy, ia tbn Dimfkrlua tl [ir 9>

Ijnrhmia ]udcnmts H sbioo hjjn`hitnoy khvn tbnj up. Mipno na`n` bhs onttnr dy isf-

hak lr vn Drhthsb `nsnrtnrs tbna snrvhak la dlir` tbn Ijnrhmia squi`rla. Phs

`njia` hamhtn` Tl`knrs wbl rnpohn`, Xlur Onttnr . . . h hjpirthiooy `hssnmtn` whooprlvn tbit tbn Goik l tbn ^. ]titns hs hasuotn`. Uirthmuoiroy, tbn Drhthsb miptiha bi`

isfn` lr vn `nsnrtnrs it tbn sijn thjn Mipno bi` snvnrio Ijnrhmia `nsnrtnrs la

dlir` tbn Ublndn, wbhmb ylu bivn alt nvna khvna ylursno tbn trludon tl jnathla.

Tl`knrs mlamou`n` tbit sumb hssuns whoo uaivlhìdoy na` ha i hsputn dntwnna twl

Aithlas . . . is tl dn hacurhlus tl dltb.Pn mrux l tbn hssun havlovn` Drhthsb budrhs

ia` tbn mlrlooiry oimf l rnspnmt not dy ^.]. aivio lmnrs. Pn dnohn tbit tbny wnrn

`hsrnspnmtn` on` lan Ijnrhmia aivio lmnr tl wrhtn ha , H whsb tbn Drhthsb

Mljjia`nrs tl ldsnrvn tbit lur ]nrvhmn hs vnry Ha`npna`nat, ia` H blpn lur

Mljjia`nrs whoo anvnr ont sohp iay Hasuot wbhmb tbny lstnr tl piss whtb Hjpuahty.

]umb wlr`s snnjn` prlpbnthm laoy twl ynirs oitnr la Cuan , wbna tbn

.]. rhkitn Mbnsipnifnua`nr Cijns Dirla sihon` rlj Bijptla Tli`s. Cust blurs

oitnr, tbn Drhthsb wirsbhp Onlpir dlrn `lwa la tbn Mbnsipnifnia` olwnrn` i dlit

tbit wnat imrlss tl tbn Ijnrhmia rhkitn. I Drhthsb lmnr mijn la dlir` ia` prn-

snatn` Dirrla whtb i onttnr `njia`hak snvnrio supplsn` Drhthsb `nsnrtnrs snrv-

hak la dlir` tbn Mbnsipnifn. Dirrla rnusn`, dut ldsnrv` sljn ippniriamn l

ia blsthon Aiturn. Hamrnùolusoy, bn `nùmn` tbit ht wis plsshdon tbny wnrn snrh-

lus. Bn tbna quhntoy lr`nrn` bhs jna tl quirtnrs, dut dnlrn tbhs bi` lmmurrn`

tbn Onlpir rn`, fhoohak tbrnn jna ia` wlua`hak nhkbtnna. ârni`y lr mljdit,

Dirrla lr`nrn` tbn Mbnsipnifns mlolrs strumf. Pn Drhthsb tbna rnjlvn` lur sup-

plsn` `nsnrtnrs dut rnusn` tl tifn plssnsshla l tbn Mbnsipnifnis tbnhr prhzn.

Dirrla tbna rnturan` tl Bijptla Tli`s, wbnrn bhs sbittnrn` rhkitn miusn`

ia uprlir. Urnsh`nat Pljis Cnstnrsla issnrtn` tbit tbn Drhthsb mljjia`nrs bivn

tbnhr llt la tbn tbrnsblo` l wir. Bn wrltn, Phs mluatry bis anvnr dnna ha sumb

i stitn l nxmhtnjnat shamn tbn ditton l Onxhaktla. Pn i`jhahstrithla ittnjptn`

tl mllo pudohm lphahla. Lan wiy wis tl ivlh` ia niroy jnnthak l Mlakrnss, nirhak

tbit sumb i kitbnrhak wluo` rnsuot ha i nmoirithla l wir. Hastni`, Cnstnrsla tblukbttbit Mlakrnss mluo` `l ohtton uatho rnmnhpt l ia iaswnr rlj Krnit Drhtiha, dnlrn

wbhmb tbny mluo` laoy imt ha tbn ìrf.

Unrmnpthlas ha Drhtiha pihatn` imthlas dy tbn ^.]. klvnrajnat ha i `hstnr-

nat ohkbt. Ha @nmnjdnr lan Drhthsb ldsnrvnr issnrtn`, [bhon Jr. Cnstnrsla

`nmoihjs whtb krnit wirjtb ikihast wbit Bn mioos tbn `nprnìthlas l tbhs mlua-

try la Ijnrhmia mljjnrmn, tbn aujnrlus ikkrnsshlas l Griamn irn pissn` lvnr

whtblut ldsnrvithla. . . . Pn istihr l tbn Mbnsipnifnhs jnathlan` whtb jumb hrrh-

tithla.Nvna sl, tbn Drhthsb klvnrajnat `hsivlwn` tbn ittimf ia` snat rnhalrmn-

jnats lr tbn `nnasn l Miaiì.Titbnr tbia wir, tbn ^.]. klvnrajnat ittnjptn` nmlaljhm mlnrmhla, ia`

Cnstnrsla mljjnatn`, @urhak tbn prnsnat pirlxysj l tbn hasiahty l Nurlpn,


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wn bivn tblukbt ht whsnst tl drnif lst ioo hatnrmlursn whtb bnr VDrhtihaZ. Pn

Ijnrhmias hjponjnatn` tbn Njdirkl Imt l tbit lrdi`n hts jnrmbiat vns-

snos rlj sihohak tl lrnhka plrts lr Grnamb ia` Drhthsb vnssnos rlj mioohak it plrtsha tbn âhtn` ]titns. Lan Ijnrhmia ldcnmt ihjn` it rnstrhmthak Drhthsb tri`n, dut

i`vnrsn nmlaljhm nstnmts wnrn jlrn prlaluamn` ha tbn ahtn` ]titns.Pn stlry l

lan Ijnrhmia jnrmbiat ha`hmitns tbn rnsuothak bir`sbhp. Bn rnturan` rlj Ha`hi

ha niroy la dlir` i tri`hak vnssno l wbhmb bn wis i bio lwanr. Pn jiclr-

hty l bhs mirkl mlashstn` l ha`hkl `nsthan` lr tbn Nurlpnia jirfnt, dut tbn jnr-

mbiat issnrtn` tbit ht wis l mlursn usnonss ùrhak tbn Njdirkl, ia` la tbn rnpnio

l tbit jnisurn tbn rhklurs l tbn Mlathanatio ]ystnj ia` tbn dnoohknrnat `nprnì-

thlas wnrn sumb is tl prnmou`n nxplrtithla. Nvnatuiooy, tbn jnrmbiat bi` tl snoo tbn

vnssno lr bio bnr mlst. Pn ha hkl natnrn` Nurlpn tbrlukb tbn plrt l Irmbiakno ha

tbn ir alrtb l Tusshi, dut ignr Aiplonlas havishla l tbit mluatry, tbn mirkl

wis slo` lr i olss.Plukb pnrbips ia nxtrnjn misn, tbhs ha`hvhùio wis aia-

mhiooy ruhan` dy i mljdhaithla l tri`n rnstrhmthlas ia` tbn Nurlpnia wir. Ghtthakoy,

tbhs dllf niturns tbhs jnrmbiat. Bhs aijn wis [hoohij Clans, ia` bn snrvn` is

snmrntiry l tbn aivy ha .

Ghaiamhio `hstrnss on` ltbnrs hatl sjukkohak. Ha niroy Cnstnrsla mljpoihan`

tbit tbn uaprhamhpon` iolak lur sni-mlist ia` rlathnrs wnrn riuùonatoy nvi`-

hak . . . tbn njdirkl oiws. It tbn na` l tbn Cnstnrsla i`jhahstrithla, sjukkohak

ia` ia nmlaljhm `lwatura rnsuothak rlj tbn nohjhaithla l hatnraithlaio mlj-

jnrmn on` tbn ^.]. klvnrajnat tl rnsmha` tbn Njdirkl Imt.

Cijns Ji`hsla, tbn anw prnsh`nat, mlathaun` tl mlarlat dltb Drhtiha ia`

Griamn, dut tbn ^.]. klvnrajnat lua` hts jnias ohjhtn` dnmiusn ht wis laoy i tia-

knathio poiynr ha tbn oirknr Nurlpnia wir. Dltb Drhtiha ia` Griamn ittnjptn` tl

jiahpuoitn tbn âhtn` ]titns sl is tl ldtiha tbnhr drli`nr plohmy ldcnmthvns. Ha tbhs

navhrlajnat, Urnsh`nat Ji`hsla bi` ohtton onvnrikn, dut bhs i`jhahstrithlas mlursn

l imthla ong tbn âhtn` ]titns vuoanridon tl Nurlpnia hatrhkuns. Pn âhtn` ]titns,

tbrlukb tbn Ala-Hatnrmlursn Imt l , rnnstidohsbn` mljjnrmn whtb ioo stitnsdut Drhtiha ia` Griamn. Pn loolwhak ynir, tri`n wis rnlpnan` whtb dltb mlua-

trhns ua`nr tbn mla`hthla tbit h nhtbnr rnpnion` hts tri`n rnstrhmthlas, tbn âhtn`

]titns wluo` tri`n laoy whtb tbit stitn.Aiplonla imtn` rst. Plukb bn snnjn`

tl ankitn tbn Mlathanatio ]ystnj, ha rniohty ht wis sjlfn ia` jhrrlrs. Grlj Tusshi,

Ijnrhmia ijdissi`lr Clba Yuhamy Iìjs surjhsn` tbit Griamn bi` oih` tbn trip

wbhmb sbn mlamou`n` wluo` mitmb us ha ia Nakohsb wir.

Pn âhtn` ]titns Aivy ia` tbn Tlyio Aivy snrvn` is trhpwhrns ha tbn hamrnis-

hakoy mbirkn` hatnraithlaio navhrlajnat loolwhak tbn Mbnsipnifnistihr. Ohaknrhak

najhty mlatrhdutn` tl tbn Urnsh`natsbittnrhak tbn Ohtton Dnotha Jiy , dut ltbnrnxijpons l vhlonamn lmmurrn`. La Cuan anir tbn Dibijis tbn -kua

Drhthsb wirsbhpJlsnoonrn` i shakon rlua` hatl tbn -kua Whxnal tbn âhtn`


34/39

Pbn Tlyio Aivy, tbn ahtn ]titns Aivy, ia tbn Dimfkrlua tl [ir 9;

]titns Aivy. Ht strumf onss tbia tbrnn nnt rlj wbnrn Knlrkn Ulha`nxtnr, i jnj-

dnr l Mlakrnss, stll`. Hamnasn` ia` ohfnoy njdirrissn`, Clba rhppn, tbn Whxnas

mljjia`nr, snat imrlss ia lmnr lr ia nxpoiaithla. Pn Drhthsb miptiha issnrtn`bn bi` alt snna tbn Ijnrhmia mlolrs ia` jhstllf tbn Whxnalr i Grnamb vnssno.

Ulha`nxtnr mlamou`n`, Pn mbirimtnr l tbn istihr, blwnvnr, mlrrnspla`s whtb tbn

trnitjnat wbhmb wn bivn sl lgna rnmnhvn` rlj tbn Drhthsb Aivio Mljjia`nrs,

la lrjnr lmmishlas. Bn mlathaun`, Pn haslonamn l tbn triasimthla hs alt jlrn

rnjirfidon tbia tbn jniaanss `hspoiyn` dy tbn Drhthsb Mljjia`nr. Xnt, dy

rhppns i`jhsshla, La ipprlimbhak bnr, i dlit put lst H supplsn`, tl spnif jn,

idlut wbhmb thjn sbn rn` i kua. Bivhak i ihr wha` ia` ioo siho snt, H `ntnrjhan`

alt tl bnivn tl, prnsujhak tbn Nakohsb Drhk rnmlkahzn` jn is ia Ijnrhmia Wnssno

l [ir, dut biuo` up sl is tl pnrjht tbn lmnr l tbn dlit tl mljn iolaksh`n.

Khvna tbn Whxnas jlvnjnats, lan mluo` irkun tbit ht wis alt uarnislaidon tbit

tbn mljjia`nr l tbnJlsnoonjhstllf bnr lr i Grnamb vnssno ia` rn` i rlua`

it bnr.Plukb jhalr ha mljpirhsla tl tbn Onlpirìa` tbn Mbnsipnifnlr tbn

Urnsh`natia` tbn Ohtton Dnot, tbhs hamh`nat i``n` tl tbn rhmthla. Plukb tbn ohvns l

jiay wnrn it stifn, lmnrs la dltb sh`ns vhnwn` namluatnrs tbrlukb tbn prhsj l

tbnhr mluatrys blalr. @hsrnspnmt ia` hacury l tbhs blalr, nvna h laoy pnrmnhvn`,

ji`n rnoithlas dntwnna Drhtiha ia` tbn âhtn` ]titns hamrnishakoy nxpolshvn.

R

Is tnashlas duhot, qunsthlas idlut tbn shzn ia` mljplshthla l tbn âhtn` ]titns

Aivy dnmijn mlatnathlus. Urnsh`nat Pljis Cnstnrsla bi` irkun` vnbnjnatoy

lr i kuadlit aivy `nshkan` lr ohttlrio `nnasn is tbn laoy witnr`nnamn wbhmb

mia dn usnuo tl us, & prltnmt us rlj tbn ruhalus looy l i aivy. La tbn lmnias

Cnstnrsla dnohnvn` ha tbn nxtnashvn usn l mljjnrmn-rih`hak prhvitnnrs is tbn jlst

plwnruo wnipla wn mia njpoly ikihast Krnit Drhtiha.Urhvitnnrs bi` tbn hstham-

thla l alt mlsthak tbn ^.]. klvnrajnat jlany, shamn tbny wnrn prlmurn`, ttn`,ia` jiaan` dy prhvitn mhthznas is i typn l dushanss vnaturn snnfhak aiamhio kiha

lr mipturhak mljjnrmn l blsthon stitns.

Plukb tbn rnohiamn la kuadlits ia` prhvitnnrs mipthvitn` Cnstnrsla, tbn

âhtn` ]titns Aivy tbrlukblut bhs prnsh`namy mlatihan` i nw lmnia-klhak wir-

sbhps, hamou`hak snvnrio oirkn rhkitns. Ha Ciauiry tbn aivy mluatn` lur rhk-

itns ia` ahan sjioonr lmnia-klhak vnssnos rni`y lr snrvhmn, is wnoo is shx rhkitns ha

ann` l rnpihr.]mirmn ua`hak jniat tbit tbn âhtn` ]titns Aivy mljprhsn` tbn

sijn snt l rhkitns it tbn lutdrnif l blsthohthns ha is ht bi` ha .

l jiaikn ia ua`nrua`n` aivy, Cnstnrslas summnsslr, Urnsh`nat Cijns

Ji`hsla, mblsn Uiuo Bijhotla ha . I mhvhohia whtb midhant riaf ia` tbn lmhio


35/39

]nmrntiry l tbn ^.]. Aivy, Uiuo Bijhotla

(Aivy Bhstlry ia` Bnrhtikn Mljjia`, Ubltl # AB >0;>;-FA)


36/39

Pbn Tlyio Aivy, tbn âhtn ]titns Aivy, ia tbn Dimfkrlua tl [ir 98

thton l snmrntiry l tbn aivy, Bijhotla bi` ohtton nxpnrhnamn ha aivio jittnrs, dut bn

bi` prnvhlusoy snrvn` is tbn mljptrloonr ia` klvnralr l ]lutb Mirlohai. Khvna

tbn `hmuot smio mlastrihats imn` dy i pnimnthjn aivy, tbhs jhkbt alt bivn dnna idi` rsuj lr tbn plshthla. Onss tbia i ynir ignr dnmljhak snmrntiry, bn wrltn, Ht

ippnirs alw vnry uamnrtiha wbntbnr Mlakrnss whoo iutblrhzn tbn rnpihr l rhkitns,

ia` ht dnmljns prlpnr tl tifn nvnry prnmiuthlairy jnisurn lr tbn rnohn l lur

ua`s. Bn mlamou`n`, H bivn tbnrnlrn tl rnqunst tbit ylu whoo hamur al nxpnamn

wbitnvnrua`nr tbn bni` l Tnpihrs l vnssnos whtblut prnvhlus spnmhio hastrumthlas

rlj jn.Dntwnna ia` Bijhotla rnpnitnòy tlo` Ji`hsla tbit ipprl-

prhithlas lr tbn rnpihr l wirsbhps wnrn hai`nquitn. Uirthmuoiroy, Mlakrnss ihon` tl

prlvh`n ua`s tl jihatiha rhkitns ha lr`hairy (oih` up ha rnsnrvn).

Is tbn prlspnmt l wir whtb Drhtiha hamrnisn`, hafflunathio pnlpon mioon` lr aivio

nxpiashla. Cijns Jlarln, wbl wluo` blo` tbn plshthla l snmrntiry l stitn ùr-

hak jumb l tbn [ir l , irkun` tbit lur aivio lrmn lukbt tl dn hamrnisn`.

Uirthmuoiroy, bn urkn` tbit tbn aivio lrmn l tbn ^. ]titns . . . Vdn iukjnatn`Z tl

tbn strnaktb l tbn squi`rlas wbhmb tbny usuiooy stithlan` ha thjn l wir la lur

mlist, it tbn jlutbs l lur krnit rhvnrs, ia` ha lur birdlurs. H tblukbt tbit sumb

i lrmn, hamlrplritn` pnrjianatoy hatl lur systnj, wluo` khvn wnhkbt it ioo thjns

tl lur anklthithlas whtb lrnhka plwnrs, ia` dy jnias tbnrnl prnvnat wirs ia`

sivn jlany.

Dy Bijhotla, prldidoy hafflunamn` dy snahlr aivio lmnrs, bi` dnmljn i

stiowirt dnohnvnr tbit Cnstnrslahia kuadlits wluo` alt sumn ia` tbit oirkn wir-

sbhps wnrn ann`n`. Bijhotla moirhn`, H ij bippy ha falwhak tbit jy ohtton

nstidohsbjnat (tbn aivy) hs mljpontn is tl hts prnsnat nxtnatH bivn al ipprn-

bnashlas sbhp, kua, ia` jia, wbna nxplsn` tl lrnhka lrmnynt H jiy ohvn tl

snn tbnj lvnrwbnojn` dy supnrhlr lrmndut h tbny ioo, tbny whoo ioo aldoy

Jy mljjia`nrs irn l jy lwa mblhmn, ia` tbnhr mrnws irn (is tbny halrj jn)

nquio tl tbnhr whsbns.Plukb Bijhotla dnohnvn` ha bhs lmnrs lr bi` dnmljn

nambiatn` dy tbnhr spnoo, bn wis siakuhan nalukb tl rniohzn tbit bhs wirsbhps wnrntll nw ha aujdnr tl l jlrn tbia hn kiooiatoy. l ivlh` tbhs itn, Bijhotla usn` i

Alvnjdnr qunry rlj Oiak`la Mbnvns, tbn mbihrjia l tbn Aivy Mljjhttnn

lr tbn Blusn l Tnprnsnatithvns, tl irkun lr i oirknr aivy.

Bijhotla isfn` lr twnovn -kua sbhps l tbn ohan ia` hamrnishak Ijnrhmia

rhkitn strnaktb tl twnaty. Phs anmnsshtitn` tbn aivys swnnphak nxpiashla, mlash`-

nrhak hts lmnia-klhak strnaktb ha oitn mljprhsn` vn rhkitns ia` ahan sjioonr

lmnia-klhak wirsbhps ha snrvhmn, is wnoo is vn rhkitns ha lr`hairy. Dy i``hak sbhps

l tbn ohan ia` anw rhkitns, Bijhotla dnohnvn` tbit tbn aivy wluo` dn ijpon tl

tbn prltnmthla l lur mlisthak tri`n6 wluo` dn mljpntnat tl iaaly nxtnashvnoy tbnmljjnrmn l ia nanjy6 ia`, uahthak lmmishlaiooy ha lpnrithlas whtb tbn kuadlits


37/39


iorni`y duhot, h nquhppn` ia` drlukbt hatl snrvhmn, ia` lur lrthmithlas, iosl

istlr` mljpontn prltnmthla tl lur birdlrs.

Mbnvns drlukbt Bijhotlas rnqunsts dnlrn tbn Blusn l Tnprnsnatithvns haCiauiry . Pn Blusn `nditn lvnr tbn aivys rnqunsts prlvn` mlatnathlus, shamn

tbn prlplsn` aivio mlastrumthla wluo` mut `nnpoy hatl tbn smirmn ua`s ivihoidon

tl tbn klvnrajnat6 jlrnlvnr, ht sblwmisn` rnkhlaio `hvhshlas whtbha tbn mlua-

try is tl tbn pnrmnpthla l tbn aivys uthohty.Yunsthlas wnrn rihsn` la wbntbnr i

`lzna -kua sbhps l tbn ohan ia` twnaty rhkitns wluo` dn nalukb. Lan spnifnr

nxpoihan` tbit bn ipprlvn` l ua`hak tbn rnpihr l nxhsthak rhkitns dut wis alt

vnry la` l witnr iahjiosl tbn shzn `nsmrhdn`. Bn splfn ikihast tbn anw mla-

strumthla, issnrthak, H tbn âhtn` ]titns iutblrhzn` tl duho` tbnsn rhkitns, tbny

mluo` alt dn `lan ha thjn lr tbn prnsnat njnrknamy. Ha tbn na`, ua`hak wis

ipprlvn` lr rnpihrhak nxhsthak rhkitns, dut anw rhkitn mlastrumthla wis `nnitn`

airrlwoy shxty-twl tl gy-ahan, ia` i vltn tl duho` laoy lur sbhps l tbn ohan ihon`

dy i krnitnr jirkha. Pn ]naitn wnat i stnp urtbnr dy iutblrhzhak tbn rnpihr l

laoy tbrnn l tbn vn rhkitns ha lr`hairy.

idon .. Pn âhtn` ]titns Aivy, Cuan

Aijn lg [irsbhp Titn Olmithla

Urnsh`nat Anw Xlrf

âhtn` ]titns Anw Xlrf

Mlasthtuthla Iaaiplohs

Mlakrnss Anw Xlrf

Nssnx Anw Xlrf

Clba Iìjs Dlstla

Blrant Anw Xlrf

[isp It ]ni

Irkus Anw Xlrf

]hrna Anw Lronias

Aiuthous Dlstla

Natnrprhzn Anw Lronias

Whxna ]t. Jirys

Whpnr Anw Lronias


38/39


[htb tbn mlakrnsshlaio `nditn it ia na`, Bijhotla fanw jlrn idlut tbn shzn

ia` ua`hak l tbn aivy is tbn mluatry jlvn` tlwir` wir. L tbn rhkitns ha lr`h-

airy, Bijhotla altn`, âtho tbnsn vnssnos sbioo dn lpnan` ia` tblrlukboy nxij-han`, ht hs ldvhlusoy hjplsshdon tl ismnrtiha, whtb iay `nkrnn l prnmhshla, . . . wbit

thjn ht wluo` tifn tl rnpihr tbnj.Tnpihr l tbn tbrnn rhkitns wnat solwoy. Nvna

it tbn thjn l tbn `nmoirithla l wir, anhtbnr tbn Mlastnooithlaalr tbn Mbnsipnifn

wis rni`y.Ht wis rnplrtn` tbit tbnIìjs,rlj bnr nxtrnjn stitn l nmiy tbit tl

rnpihr bnr iffllit, whoo dn ir jlrn nxpnashvn tbia tl duho` i anw sbhp. ]hamn ua`hak

wis ivihoidon lr bnr rnpihr, alt lr duho`hak i anw wirsbhp, sbn wis rnduhot.

Plukb Bijhotla rnplrtn` la @nmnjdnr tbit tbn aivy mlatihan` vn

snrvhmnidon rhkitns ia` ahan sjioonr lmnia-klhak wirsbhps, tbn rst bio l wis

spnat tryhak tl jifn snvnrio l tbnsn wirsbhps mljdit rni`y (snn idon .). Ha niroy

tbn âhtn ]titns, Mlasthtuthla,Clba Iìjs, ia` Aiuthous, ioo supplsnòy snr-

vhmnidon immlr hak tl Bijhotlas prlaluamnjnat l @nmnjdnr , ua`nrwnat shk-

ahmiat rnpihrs.Plukb tbn Nssnxbi` dnna `nsmrhdn` is dnhak ha kll` lr`nr lr

snrvhmn ha Gndruiry , alt lur jlatbs oitnr la Cuan, laoy i ohtton jlrn tbia

i wnnf dnlrn tbn `nmoirithla l wir, tbn Nssnxbi` tl bivn bnr mlppnr monian`6

ha tbn prlmnss wlrfnrs `ntnrjhan` tbit bnr lrnjist iosl rnquhrn` wlrf ia` sbn

wluo` alt dn rni`y lr lpnrithlas uatho oitn Cuan.Jlrnlvnr, tbn Mlasthtuthlawis

alt rni`y tl siho it tbn thjn l tbn `nmoirithla l wir lwhak tl tbn oimf l snijna.

R

It tbn lutdrnif l tbn [ir l , tbn oirknst wirsbhps ha tbn âhtn` ]titns Aivy

wnrn tbrnn bnivy -kua rhkitns. Aijn` tbn Mlasthtuthla, Urnsh`nat, ia` âhtn`

]titns, i Drhthsb I`jhrioty `lmujnat oitnr nxpoihan` tbit tblukb tbny jiy dn

mioon` Grhkitns, VtbnyZ irn l i shzn, Mljponjnat, ia` wnhkbt l Jntio jumb dnyla`

tbit Moiss, ia` jlrn rnsnjdohak Ohan l Ditton ]bhps. Pn Ijnrhmia aivio oni`nr-

sbhp ùrhak tbn [ir l oidnon` tbnj rhkitns, tblukb, ia` Pnl`lrn Tllsnvnotha bhs aivio bhstlry l tbn [ir l irkun`, Pn Ijnrhmia -kua rhkitn wis i

trun rhkitn.]umb stitnjnats bhkbohkbt tbn mlatrlvnrshio aiturn l tbnsn wirsbhps

tbit bis dltb molu`n` ia` hafflunamn` jumb wrhthak la tbn [ir l .

Ha shzn, tbn -kua Ijnrhmia rhkitns `hspoimn` idlut pnrmnat jlrn tbia

Drhthsb -kua rhkitns ia` idlut pnrmnat jlrn tbia Drhthsb -kua rhkitns,

tbn twl typns tbit `ljhaitn` Tlyio Aivy `npolyjnats. Ha i``hthla, tbn bnivy

Ijnrhmia rhkitns whtb -plua` olak kuas la tbn kua `nmf nxmnn`n` tbn rn-

plwnr l tbn -plua` kuas l Drhthsb - ia` -kua rhkitns.Oirkn Ijnrhmia

rhkitns wnrn sohkbtoy sjioonr tbia Drhthsb -kua sbhps l tbn ohan, blwnvnr, ia` tbn

drli`sh`n l i sbhp l tbn ohan wis bnivhnr, pirthmuoiroy ha olak kuas, is ha`hmitn` dy

idon ..


39/39

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jnnvh`namnnxhststbittbnDrhthsbplua`wnhkbn`sohkbtoyjlrntbiaiaIjnrhmialan.T

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ujdnrsmlash`nrtbnDrhthsbiaÌjnrhmiaplua`stldnltbnsijnwnhkbt.

utmost gallantry: the u.s. and royal navies at sea in the war of 1812

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