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^tjlst Kiooiatry
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^tjlst KiooiatryBN ^.]. IA@ TLXIO AIWHN] I ]NI
HA BN [IT LG 9294
Fnvha @. JmMriahn
Aivio Hasthtutn Urnss
Iaaiplohs, Jiryoia`
P
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Aivio Hasthtutn Urnss
[ll` Tli`
Iaaiplohs, J@
dy Fnvha @. JmMriahn
Ioo rhkbts rnsnrvn`. Al pirt l tbhs dllf jiy dn rnprl`umn` lr uthohzn` ha iay lrj
lr dy iay jnias, nonmtrlahm lr jnmbiahmio, hamou`hak pbltlmlpyhak ia` rnmlr`hak,
lr dy iay halrjithla stlrikn ia` rntrhnvio systnj, whtblut pnrjhsshla ha wrhthak
rlj tbn pudohsbnr.
Ohdriry l Mlakrnss Mitiolkhak-ha-Uudohmithla @iti
JmMriahn, Fnvha @.
^tjlst kiooiatry 3 tbn ^.]. ia` Tlyio Aivhns it sni ha tbn [ir l / Fnvha @.JmMriahn.
p. mj.
Hamou`ns dhdohlkripbhmio rnnrnamns ia` ha`nx.
H]DA ---- (bdf. 3 iof. pipnr) H]DA ---- (ndllf) .
^ahtn` ]titnsBhstlry[ir l Aivio lpnrithlas. . ^ahtn` ]titns. Aivy
Bhstlry[ir l . . Krnit Drhtiha. Tlyio AivyBhstlry[ir l . H. hton.
HH. hton3 ^.]. ia` Tlyio Aivhns it sni ha tbn [ir l .
N.J
.`m
Phs pipnr jnnts tbn rnquhrnjnats l IA]H/AH]L z.- (Unrjianamn l
Uipnr).
Urhatn` ha tbn ^ahtn` ]titns l Ijnrhmi.
Ghrst prhathak
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v
Mlatnats
Ohst l Hooustrithlas vhh
Urnimn xh
Imfalwon`kjnats xv
Mbiptnr . Nvnry Ippniriamn l Bistnahak tbn Mrhshs3 Pn Tlyio Aivy, tbn ^ahtn` ]titns Aivy, ia` tbn Dimfkrlua` tl [ir
Mbiptnr . I Ohtton Dht l i @ust [htb ia Nakohsb Grhkitn3 Pn Lpnahak
Aivio Mijpihka, Cuan tl ]nptnjdnr
Mbiptnr . Ht Hs i Phak H Mluo` Alt Bivn Nxpnmtn`3 Pn ]nmla` Tlua`,
]nptnjdnr Jirmb
Mbiptnr . H [n Mluo` ifn Lan lr wl l Pnsn @` Grhkitns3
Tnissnssjnat l Drhtihas Aivio Ldcnmthvns,
Mbiptnr . Mist Iwiy . . . lr ifna3 Ijnrhmia Aivio Gihourn ia`
Tnissnssjnat, Cuan Niroy
Mbiptnr . Mrnithak i Ulwnruo @hvnrshla3 ]nmrntiry Clans ia` tbn Aivio Mijpihka l
Mbiptnr . I Kolrhlus Tntrhnvio l Lur Aivio Tnputithla3
Pn urahak Ulhat, Cuan
Mbiptnr . Jlrn Pia Lr`hairy Thsf3 ^ahtn` ]titns Grhkitns, [hatnr
Mbiptnr . Uursuhak Jy Lwa Mlursn3 Pn Nssnx ha tbn Uimhm,
Mbiptnr . ]ljn Bir` Falmfs3 TnissnssjnatPn ^ahtn` ]titns, ]nptnjdnr Jirmb
Mbiptnr . Hatl Idonr Bia`s3 Drhtiha uras tl Anw Oni`nrsbhp,
Mbiptnr . Tnpuosn` ha Nvnry Ittnjpt3 Pn Muojhaithla l tbn
Clans ]jioo Mruhsnr ]tritnky, jh`-
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vh Mlatnats
Mbiptnr . Pn Murrnat @njia`s l tbn ]nrvhmn3 Ia Ipprihsio l
Drhthsb Aivio Lpnrithlas,
Npholkun. I [rnitb l Oiurnos . . . i Mrlwa l Plras3 Pn Oist Aivio Mijpihka,
Ohst l Iddrnvhithlas
Altns
Kolssiry
Dhdohlkripby
Ha`nx
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vhh
Hooustrithlas
HJIKN]
]nmrntiry l tbn .]. Aivy, Uiuo Bijhotla
]hr Ubhohp Dlwns Wnrn Drlfn
Pn Nsmipn l tbn ^]] Mlasthtuthlarlj Miptiha Drlfns Drhthsb ]qui`rla, Cuoy
Pn Mipturn l tbn BJ]Ionrtdy tbn ]] Nssnx, Iukust
Pn Nakiknjnat dntwnna tbn ^]] Mlasthtuthla ia` tbn BJ] Kunrrhnrn
Pn Mipturn l tbn BJ] Kunrrhnrndy tbn ^]] Mlasthtuthla, Iukust
Pn Mipturn l tbn BJ]Jimn lahiady tbn ]] ^ahtn ]titns, Lmtldnr
]tnpbna @nmitur
Pn Nsmipn l tbn BJ] Kioitnirlj tbn ]] Urnsh`natia` ^]] Mlakrnss, Lmtldnr
Pn Mipturn l tbn BJ]Cividy tbn ]] Mlasthtuthla, @nmnjdnr
]nmrntiry l tbn .]. Aivy [hoohij Clans
Clba Tl`knrs
Pn [lua`hak l Miptiha Ubhohp Drlfn la Dlir` tbn ^]] Mbnsipnifn, Cuan
Pn Mipturn l tbn ^]] Mbnsipnifndy tbn BJ] ]biaala, Cuan
Pn Nsmipn l tbn ^]] Mlasthtuthlarlj tbn BJ]Cualaia` tbn BJ] Pnan`ls, Iprho
@ivh` Ulrtnr
Pn Mipturn l tbn BJ] Onviatia` tbn BJ] Myiandy tbn ]] Mlasthtuthla,
Gndruiry
Pn Nakiknjnat dntwnna tbn BJ] Na`yjhlaia` tbn ^]] Urnsh`nat,
Ciauiry
Hooustrithlas
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vhhh Hooustrithlas
Pn Mipturn l tbn ^]] Urnsh`natdy Miptiha Biyns Drhthsb ]qui`rla,
Ciauiry
Pn Mipturn l tbn BJ] Unakuhady tbn ^]] Blrant, Jirmb
Pn Nsmipn l tbn ^]] Blrantrlj tbn BJ] Mlrawioohs, Iprho
JIU]
. Pn Alrtb Itoiathm ri`n Tlutns
. Aivio Jlvnjnats l Drlfnia` Tl`knrs, CuanIukust
. Olmithlas l ]bhp-la-]bhp Dittons ha tbn [ir l
. Pn Mruhsns l tbn Prnn Ijnrhmia ]qui`rlas ha tbn Iutuja l
. Pn ]lutbnra ^ahtn` ]titns ha
. Urnsh`nats ]ujjnr Mruhsn, Uirt H, Iprho Cuan
. Urnsh`nats ]ujjnr Mruhsn, Uirt HH, Cuoy Iukust
. Mruhsn l tbnIrkus, Uirt H, Cuoy Iukust
. Mruhsn l tbnIrkus, Uirt HH, Iukust
. Anw Xlrf ia` Olak Hsoia` ]lua`
. Mruhsn l tbn ^.]. Grhkitn Nssnx ia` tbn Drhthsb Tnsplasn
. Mruhsn l tbn Tittonsaifn ia` Natnrprhzn3 CiauiryJirmb . Mruhsn l tbn Tittonsaifn3 Jiy Cuoy
. Mruhsn l tbnI`ijs3 Jiy Iukust
. Mruhsn l tbn [isp3
. Mruhsn l tbn Unimlmf3 Cuan Lmtldnr
N. Aivio Lpnrithlas ha tbn Itoiathm,
N. Pn Blrantia` Unimlmfha tbn Ha`hia Lmnia,
IDON]
. ltio Aujdnr l @npolyn` [irsbhps ha tbn Tlyio Aivy, Cuoy
. Mljpirithvn ]trnaktb l Drhthsb Aivio ]tithlas ha ltio [irsbhps
. Drhthsb Aivio @npolyjnats, Cuoy
. Pn ^ahtn` ]titns Aivy, Cuan
. Mljpirithvn ]trnaktb l Drhthsb ia` Ijnrhmia [irsbhps
. Urlplsn` @hvhshla l Drhthsb [irsbhps ia` Pnhr ]tithlas
. .]. [irsbhps ]jioonr Pia i Grhkitn Ivihoidon lr Lmniahm Lpnrithlas ha
. Mlmbrians Uoiaan` @npolyjnats, @itn` Jirmb
. @npolyn` ]bhps l tbn Tlyio Aivy, Cuoy , Cuoy , @nmnjdnr
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Hooustrithlas hx
. Drhthsb @npolyjnats ha Oitn
. ]trnaktb l tbn Alrtb Ijnrhmia ]tithla
@HIKTIJ]
. Pn ^]] Mlasthtuthlaia` Drhthsb ]qui`rla, Cuoy
. Uoia l tbn Nakiknjnat dntwnna tbn Mlasthtuthlaia` tbn Kunrrhnrn,
Iukust
. Uoia l tbn Nakiknjnat dntwnna tbn ^ahtn ]titnsia` tbnJimn`lahia
. Uoia l tbn Nakiknjnat dntwnna tbn Mlasthtuthlaia` tbnCivi
. Uoia l tbn Nakiknjnat dntwnna tbn Mbnsipnifn ia` tbn ]biaala
. Uoia l tbn Nakiknjnat dntwnna tbn [isp ia` tbn Tnha`nnr
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xh
Urngimn
@rhvhak iolak i rurio rli` ha slutbwnstnra Knlrkhi la i monir, mrhsp
Gndruiry `iy, H wis krnntn` dy no`s dlua`n` dy wll`s, lgna l phan.
lwas puamtuitn` tbn vhsti rlj thjn tl thjn. Pn aijn l lan
Doifnoymiukbt jy nyn. Pn bhstlrhia ha jn hjjn`hitnoy isslmhitn` tbn tlwa whtb
Clbastla Doifnony, wbl kurns prljhanatoy ha tbn loolwhak pikns is mljjia`nr
l tbn Natnrprhznia` oitnr tbn [isp. Mlathauhak slutbnist rlj Doifnoy, H natnrn`
@nmitur Mluaty, ia` tbna pissn` tbrlukb tbn mluaty snit l Dihadrh`kn. Plukbi ihr `hstiamn rlj siot witnr wbnrn Mljjl`lrns ]tnpbna @nmitur ia` [hoohij
Dihadrh`kn nnitn` Drhthsb rhkitns ha , tbn mlhamh`namn l Doifnoy, Knlrkhi, lo-
olwn` dy poimns aijn` lr @nmitur ia` Dihadrh`kn `njlastritn` Ijnrhmis i`jh-
rithla lr hts aivy. Lmnrs ohfn Doifnony, @nmitur, ia` Dihadrh`kn mipturn` Ijnrhmis
hjikhaithla dy kbthak lr tbn blalr l tbn yluak ^ahtn` ]titns ikihast tbn jlst
plwnruo aivy ha tbn wlro`. Pnrn hs, blwnvnr, ialtbnr sh`n tl tbhs stlry. Drhtiha
vhnwn` tbn [ir l la tbn bhkb snis ha tbn mlatnxt l hts laklhak wir ikihast
Aiplonlahm Griamn, ia` siw tbn ^ahtn` ]titns Aivy is i tbrnit tl tbn sni-ohans l
mljjuahmithla tbit wnrn nssnathio lr tbn wnoo-dnhak l hts nmlaljy ia` hts njphrn.Ha tbn twl mnaturhns shamn tbit wir, wrhtnrs bivn sphoon` i krnit `nio l haf tl
nxpoiha tbn doll`y namluatnrs dntwnna tbn Drhthsb ia` Ijnrhmia aivhns la tbn
lmnias. Jiay l tbnsn slurmns, tblukb, mlatiha lan lr jlrn l tbn loolwhak wnif-
anssns3 ia lvnrnjpbishs la tbn rst shx jlatbs l tbn wir wbna tbn Drhthsb olst
tbn rhkitns Kunrrhnrn,Jimn lahia, ia`Civi6 i ihourn tl ohaf tbn timthmio nvnats l
tbn sbhp-la-sbhp dittons tl i drli`nr ua`nrstia`hak l tbn wir6 ia ua`nruthohzithla
l Drhthsb irmbhvio ia` prhjiry slurmns6 ia` ia lvnrrnohiamn la snmla`iry slurmns,
hamou`hak sljn tbit mlatiha nrrlanlus halrjithla lr `hstlrthak aithlaiohsthm pnr-
spnmthvns. Pn loolwhak pikns lstnr i dioiamn` ipprihsio l tbn wir disn` la Drhthsb
ia` Ijnrhmia irmbhvio slurmns, hamou`hak pudohm ia` prhvitn onttnrs, sbhps olks, is
Urngimn
Urngimn
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xhh Urngimn
wnoo is mlurts jirthio rnmlr`s. [bnrn tbhs wis alt plsshdon, H bivn rnohn` la pud-
ohsbn` `lmujnats tl poimn nakiknjnats ha i drli`nr lpnrithlaio ia` stritnkhm mla-
tnxt sl is tl ua`nrstia` tbn hatnat l tbn dnoohknrnats, blw dltb sh`ns usn` tbnhrwirsbhps, ia` tbn drli`nr rijhmithlas l tbn sbhp-la-sbhp dittons. Aivio wirirn
havlovns tbn hatnrimthla l juothpon imtlrs6 ollfhak mrhthmiooy it ioo sh`ns, dltb ha dit-
ton ia` ha jlrn jua`ian lpnrithlas, i``s tl tbn airrithvn l blw tbn wir ualo`n`.
Plukb tbhs wlrf rnohns bnivhoy la lmujnats, H bivn mlasuotn` smbloiroy wlrfs
is stirthak plhats lr rnsnirmb, dut tbhs `lns rnquhrn i althmn l miuthla havlovhak
tbn rnnrnamn altns. Knanrio wlrfs la tbn aivio wir dy iutblrs sumb is [hoohij
Cijns, Pnl`lrn Tllsnvnot, Iorn` . Jibia, M. ]. Glrnstnr, ia` Tldnrt Kir`hanr
`nsmrhdn aniroy nvnry aivio nakiknjnat ha tbn wir6 ritbnr tbia rnpnit tbnj na`-
onssoy ha tbn altns, H bivn laoy mhtn` tbnsn wlrfs wbnrn tbny prnsnat uahqun plhats.
Phs dllf i``s tl tbn bhstlrhmio `nditn, dut ht hs alt i mljpontn airrithvn l tbn
aivio wir. Pn loolwhak pikns laoy i``rnss tbn wir lr tbn oifns dntwnna tbn ^ahtn`
]titns ia` Miai`i ha i tiaknathio jiaanr. Plukb jiaplwnr mlastrihats miusn`
lpnrithlas la tbn Oifns tl sip lmniahm aivio strnaktb, tbn wir la tbn Oifns wis
uausuiooy hsloitn` lr i aivio wir ia` bis dnna `hvlrmn` rlj tbhs stu`y. Phs wlrf
iosl `lns alt issnss tbn mlatrhduthlas dy prhvitnnrs ha i mrhthmio lr `ntihon` jiaanr.
Plukb rnsplashdon lr tbn mipturn l tbn jiclrhty l Drhthsb jnrmbiat vnssnos ia`
nvna tbn lmmishlaio, doll`y kbt, i trun iaioyshs l tbnhr imthlas wluo` dn i dllf
uatl htsno. Ghaiooy, tbhs stu`y `lns alt moihj tl issnss Drhthsb lpnrithlas ha tbn ohttl-
rios, sumb is tblsn tbit lmmurrn` ha tbn Mbnsipnifn. Hastni`, tbhs hs i bhstlry l tbn
wir dntwnna tbn Drhthsb Tlyio Aivy ia` tbn ^ahtn` ]titns Aivy la tbn bhkb snis.
Ha aujdnrs iolan, tbhs wis ia uanquio strukkon ia` sbluo` bivn dnna i
sblrt stlry l Drhthsb summnss tbit swnpt tbn ohtton Ijnrhmia aivy rlj tbn snis,
dut hastni` ^.]. wirsbhps lpnritn` rlj tbn wirs dnkhaahak tl hts na`. [by `h`
Drhtiha, whtb tbn jlst plwnruo aivy ha tbn wlro`, a` tbn sjioo Ijnrhmia aivy
sl rnshohnat< [bit `lns tbhs ha`hmitn idlut wnoo-trihan`, sjioonr aivio plwnrs whtb
mrhthmio isyjjntrhm i`viatikns ha knlkripbhmiooy nxpiashvn ia` lgna `hstiat tbn-itnrs< l tbn Drhthsb, ht snnjn` iojlst ou`hmrlus tbit tbn Ijnrhmias wluo` kbt6
ritbnr tbia `nan vhmtlry is `nnithak tbn nathrn Drhthsb aivy, tbn Ijnrhmias mbir-
imtnrhzn` summnss is kihahak blalr wbhon `nayhak ht tl Drhtiha, ia` it tbn sijn thjn
prltrimthak tbn wir ia` lrmhak Drhtiha tl nxpna` `hsprlplrthlaitn rnslurmns tl
mljdit tbn ^.]. aivio tbrnit. Ha tbn na`, tbn Ijnrhmias prlvn` i auhsiamn ia` i
aikkhak tbrnit. Plukb tbn Drhthsb ihon` tl `nstrly tbn ^ahtn` ]titns Aivy, tbny
oirknoy jirkhaiohzn` ht, iodnht it bhkb mlsts ha doll`, trnisurn, wirsbhps, ia` thjn.
R
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Urngimn xhhh
I Altn la [irsbhp Irjijnats
Pn aujdnr ia` typn l miaalas jluatn` la wirsbhps `urhak tbn [ir l hs i
anduolus sudcnmt. Glr nxijpon, tbn ^.]. rhkitns Mlasthtuthla, Urnsh`nat, ia` ^ahtn`
]titns wnrn shstnr sbhps, dut tbn irjijnat l nimb virhn` sohkbtoy ia` mbiakn`
sohkbtoy `urhak tbn wir. l jifn tbhs jlrn mlaushak, ioo tbrnn l tbn idlvn rhkitns
wnrn ritn` lr lrty-lur kuas, dut ioo mirrhn` jlrn kuas.
Pn hamlakrunamn dntwnna tbn ritn` aujdnr l kuas lr i sbhp ia` tbn imtuio
aujdnr tbit sbhp jluatn` wis lwhak tl snvnrio olak-tnrj trna`s. Ghrst wis tbn
prnnrnamn l tbn sbhp miptiha. I snmla` rnisla niot whtb jluathak kuas la prnvh-
lusoy uairjn` plrthlas l tbn sbhp. Ialtbnr imtlr niot whtb tbn wh`nsprni` i`lp-
thla l tbn mirrlai`n. La jiay wirsbhps mirrlai ns rnpoimn` tri`hthlaio sbhpdlir`kuas la i krnitnr tbia lan-lr-lan dishs. Pnsn imtlrs mlatrhdutn` tl i ant kiha l
shx, nhkbt, tna, lr nvna twnovn kuas pnr sbhp.]hamn sbhp irjijnat wis i jlvhak tir-
knt, tbhs iutblr bis rnmlamhon` tbn prldonj ushak i mljdhaithla l twl systnjs.
Pn rst havlovns tbn usn l i sbhps ritn` strnaktb. Phs systnj wis disn` la
bhstlrhmio prnmn`nat tbit bi` alt nvlovn` whtb tbn prlohnrithla l kuas la wir-
sbhps. Plukb tbn rithak systnj wis dnmljhak lut l `itn, ht bi` tbn i`viatikn l
mlashstnamy, jniahak ht `h` alt knanriooy mbiakn `urhak tbn wir. Uirthmuoiroy whtb
rnkir` tl Drhthsb wirsbhps, ht prlvh`ns ia ipprlxhjitn ha`hmithla l i wirsbhps tla-
aikn, drli`sh`n wnhkbt, ia` mrnw strnaktb. Plukb tbn tbrnn Drhthsb rhkitns tifnady tbn Ijnrhmias ha wnrn ioo -kua rhkitns ia` bi` shjhoir mipidhohthns, nimb
jluatn` sohkbtoy `hstnrnat irjijnats. Khvna tbn vnry oirkn aujdnr l Drhthsb wir-
sbhps, ht hs ioo dut hjplsshdon tl falw nximt irjijnats ha nvnry misn. Pn Drhthsb
I`jhrioty ha Ola`la trhn` tl fnnp rnmlr`s l sbhp irjijnats, dut rnplrts rlj sni
it thjns mlatri`hmt tblsn rnmlr`s. [htb tbn nxmnpthla l sbhp-la-sbhp imthlas, tbn
ritn` aujdnr hs knanriooy immuritn nalukb tl prlvh`n ia ipprlxhjithla l tbn lrmn.
Glr tbn ^ahtn` ]titns Aivy, snvnrio imtlrs bivn on` tbhs iutblr iwiy rlj tbn rithak
systnj. Ghrst, tbit aivy rnprnsnatn` i sjioonr krlup tl trimf ia` nximt irjijnats
wnrn jlrn lgna falwa6 ha i``hthla, Ijnrhmias bi` i tna`namy tl ritn wirsbhpssjioonr tbia shjhoir Drhthsb sbhps. Glr nxijpon, tbn Ijnrhmias ritn` tbn Mlakrnss
is i -kua rhkitn, dut ht wis molsnr tl i Drhthsb -kua rhkitn ha imtuio irjijnat.
Pn snmla` jnias l rnmlamhohak tbn prldonj l irjijnat havlovns stithak tbn
nximt wniplas jluatn` la i sbhp. Plukb jlrn immuritn tbia tbn rithak systnj,
tbhs aujdnr hs alt iowiys falwa. Pn lan thjn ht knanriooy wis falwa, blwnvnr,
wis lr sbhp-la-sbhp imthlas6 it sumb plhats ha tbn airrithvn, tbhs iutblr bis prl-
vh`n` tbn dnst nvh`namn lr nximt wirsbhp irjijnats.
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xv
Imfalwon`kjnats
Jiay pnlpon bivn bnopn` jifn tbhs dllf plsshdon. Ghrst, tbn imuoty l
tbn ]tritnky ia` Ulohmy @npirtjnat it tbn ^ahtn` ]titns Aivio [ir
Mloonkn ha Anwplrt, Tbl`n Hsoia`, uafalwhakoy snrvn` is tbn dllfs
mitioyst. Uirthmuoiroy, H wluo` dn rnjhss h H `h` alt spnmhmiooy tbiaf Jhmbino
Uivflvh, Cla ]mltt Olkno, ia` F. C. @noijir lr tbnhr mljjnats ia` sukknsthlas.
Al lan mluo` isf lr dnttnr supplrt tbia H bivn rnmnhvn` rlj jy `npirtjnat
mbihr, Clba Jiurnr. ]iri JmMriahn (jy nirnst shstnr) ikiha njlastritn` wby sbnhs tbn irthst ha tbn ijhoy tbrlukb bnr supnrd jips. H iosl just tbiaf rhna`s ia`
mloonikuns wblsn nirs H bivn dnat ia` wbl H bivn dur`nan` is H dnmijn hamrnis-
hakoy nakrlssn` ha i wir tbit dnkia iojlst twl mnaturhns ikl.
Lvnr tbn prnvhlus lur ynirs, H bivn vhshtn` tll jiay ohdrirhns ia` irmbhvns
tl mluat, ia` whtblut nxmnpthla tbn ohdrirhias, irmbhvhsts, ia` stist bivn dnat lvnr
dimfwir` tl isshst ha jy rnsnirmb. ]nvnrio, blwnvnr, `nsnrvn spnmhio prihsn lr tbn
jiaanr ha wbhmb tbny tlonritn` jy qunsthlas ia` snrvn` tl imhohtitn jy rnsnirmb.
Pn Aivy Bhstlry ia` Bnrhtikn Mljjia` shts it tbn tlp l jy ohst. Uirthmuoiroy,
Jhmbino C. Mriwlr`, Mbirons N. Drl`han Cr., ia` Mbrhsthan G. Bukbns bivn prlvh`n`hjjnisuridon isshstiamn. Ha i``hthla, Pn Aithlaio Irmbhvns it Fnw, Thmbjla`6
tbn Aithlaio Jirhthjn Jusnuj ha Krnnawhmb6 tbn Buoo Bhstlry Mnatrn6 tbn ]ustlof
Tnmlr` Lmn ha Hpswhmb6 ia` tbn Aithlaio Ohdriry l ]mltoia` ha N`hadurkb
`nsnrvn spnmhio prihsn.
Pn plshthlas H ij idlut tl nxprnss irn jy lwa vhnws. H `l alt rnprnsnat tbn
Aivio [ir Mloonkn, Aivy, @npirtjnat l @nnasn, lr tbn .]. Klvnrajnat, ia` jy
vhnws irn alt anmnssirhoy sbirn` dy tbnj.
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9
P
MBIUPNT9
Nvnry Ippniriamn lgBistnahak tbn Mrhshs
Pbn Tlyio Aivy, tbn ^ahtn` ]titns Aivy,ia` tbn Dimfkrlua` tl [ir
Onss tbia i bua`rn` yir`s snpiritn` tbn twl sbhps, dut `irfanss ldsmurn`
tbnhr h`naththns. Pn mljjia`nr l lan, Irtbur Dhakbij, bihon` imrlss
tbn witnr, `njia`hak tbn aijn l tbn ltbnr sbhp. Bn bnir` i vlhmn tbit
nmbln` tbn sijn qunsthla. Dhakbij tbna rnpnitn` bhs `njia` dut rnmnhvn` ia
h`nathmio rnsplasn.
La tbn ltbnr sbhp, Mljjl`lrn Clba Tl`knrs stll` la prhamhpon3 Bivhak isfn`
tbn rst qunsthla, & l mlursn mlash`nrhak jysno nathton` dy tbn mljjla ruons l
plohtnanss tl tbn rst iaswnr, ignr i piusn . . . H rnhtnritn` jy rst naquhry l [bit
]bhp hs tbit
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4 Mbiptnr 9. Nvnry Ippniriamn lg Bistnahak tbn Mrhshs
tbn jumb oirknr Urnsh`nat bi` mljpontnoy sbittnrn` tbn Ohtton Dnot, fhoohak lr wlua`-
hak tbhrty-twl l bnr mrnw. Tl`knrs issnrtn` tbit sumb doll`sbn` wluo` miusn jn
tbn jlst imutn piha `urhak tbn rnjiha`nr l jy ohn, bi` H alt tbn mlasloithla tlfalw tbit tbnrn wis al iotnraithvn ong jn, dntwnna sumb i simrhmn & lan wbhmb
wluo` bivn dnna sthoo krnitnr6 aijnoy tl bivn rnjihan` i pisshvn spnmtitlr l hasuot
tl tbn Goik l jy Mluatry, wbhost ht wis mla`n` tl jy prltnmthla.
Pn istihr l tbn Urnsh`natia` Ohtton Dnot, sl mlatnstn` la tbn plhat l imt, dut
wbhmb H dnohnvn wis uaprnjn`htitn` it onist dy tbn klvnrajnats la dltb sh`ns, bis
nvnry ippniriamn l bistnahak tbn mrhshs, mlamou`n` tbn .]. ijdissi`lr tl Tusshi.
Pn doll`y istihr wis ha`hmithvn l oirknr prldonjs havlovhak hssuns l blalr ia`
jhsua`nrstia`haks oni`hak up tl tbn [ir l .
Pn bnirt l tbn hssun wis jumb drli`nr ia` shkaion` tbit tbn nstidohsbn` ruons
l jirhthjn mljjnrmn bi` `ntnrhlritn` ha ia hatnraithlaio navhrlajnat `ljh-
aitn` dy i snrhns l wirs dntwnna Drhtiha ia` Griamn, ia` it thjns whtb ]piha lr
whtb ltbnr Nurlpnia stitns. Ha tbnsn mlafflhmts spiaahak tbn nhkbtnnatb mnatury,
Drhtihas survhvio rnstn` la aiamhio strnaktb, koldio mljjnrmn, ia` aivio plwnr.
Whmtlry knanriooy rnsuotn` rlj sljntbhak jlrn, dn ht vhmtlrhns la tbn Nurlpnia
mlathanat dy Drhthsb ia` ioohn` irjhns lr tbn mlaqunst l mlolahns. Drhtiha natnrn`
tbn olaknst, jlst nxpnashvn, ia` jlst uaohjhtn` l tbnsn Nurlpnia wirs ha .
Lvnr tbn anxt twl `nmi`ns, Drhtiha lukbt summnsshvn Grnamb rnvlouthlairy rnkhjns
loolwn` dy Aiplonla ia` bhs Nurlpnia ioohns whtb laoy i sblrt piusn rnsuothak
rlj tbn Unimn l Ijhnas. Prlukblut tbn mlafflhmt, Drhthsb mljjnrmhio ia` aivio
plwnr krnw rnonatonssoy. Drhtiha swnpt Grnamb jnrmbiat vnssnos rlj tbn sni ia`
ittnjptn` tl hjplsn hts whoo la anutrios, hamou`hak tbn ^ahtn` ]titns. Mlamurrnatoy,
Griamn ldtihan` stuaahak oia` vhmtlrhns lvnr mlathanatio mbioonaknrs. Blwnvnr, tbn
isyjjntry dntwnna Grnamb oia` plwnr ia` Drhthsb sni plwnr jniat tbit anhtbnr
mluo` strhfn i nmhshvn dolw.
R
Dy Drhtiha plssnssn` bio tbn wlro`s wirsbhp tlaaikn, ia uaprnmn`natn` kurn
lr iay stitn dntwnna ia` , ia` hts aivy irkuidoy stll` it tbn bnhkbt l hts
plwnr, bivhak njnrkn` vhmtlrhlus ha ioo hts fflnnt dittons shamn . Ha sjioonr imthlas
tbn Drhthsb aivy ollfn` aniroy is hjprnsshvn. Ha al Drhthsb wirsbhp oirknr tbia
ia -kua sollp bi` strumf bnr mlolrs dnmiusn l mljdit.Jlrnlvnr, tbn jhsshlas
tbn Tlyio Aivy ua`nrtllf wnrn jlrn nxpiashvn tbia iay mlatnjplriry aivy ia`
hamou`n` plohmhak tbn lmnias, mlatrloohak jirhthjn tri`n, dolmfi`hak Grnamb wir-
sbhps, ia` supplrthak oia` lrmns.Plukb hjprnsshvn ha rnmlr` ia` mipidhohty, tbn Tlyio Aivy sustnrn` rlj i
snrhlus ffliw. Ha Jiy i onttnr pudohsbn` ha ia hafflunathio Drhthsb aivio cluraio
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Pbn Tlyio Aivy, tbn ahtn ]titns Aivy, ia tbn Dimfkrlua tl [ir =
mljpoihan`, Ollf it lur sbhps, blw tbny irn jiaan` it tbn drnifhak lut l i wir,
ia` mljpirn tbnj whtb tbn knanriohty l sbhps alw mljjhsshlan`, ia` tbn `hstnr-
namn whoo dn jlst strhfhak3 ht miaalt dn ltbnrwhsn, la immluat l tbn vist aujdnrl sbhps it tbhs thjn ha mljjhsshla, wbhmb irn alw jiaan` dy i vnry sjioo prl-
plrthla l idon snijna, ia` tbn rnjiha`nr oon` up whtb kll`, di`, ia` ha`hstnr-
nat, vhz.lr`hairy snijna, oia`sjna,glrnhkanrs, tbn swnnphaks l Anwkitn, rlj tbn
buofs, ia` iojlst ioo tbn prhslas ha tbn mluatry.
Aivio lmnrs iosl mljpoihan` idlut tbn jiaahak l tbnhr wirsbhps. Ha
@nmnjdnr lan miptiha nsmrhdn` bhs mrnw is alt it ioo wbit H wluo` whsb tbnj
tl dn, lr wbit tbny lukbt tl dn. Pn anxt jlatb, ialtbnr nxpoihan` tbit sumb i
jhsnridon Mrnw, H bivn anvnr dnlrn, bi` tbn jhslrtuan tl mljjia`. I tbhr` mip-
tiha wrltn ha Cuan , [n bivn alt i di` ]bhps mljpiay, tbl i vnry wnif lan, is
tbn oist suppohns l jna, . . . wnrn oi`s jumb tll sohkbt lr wlrfhak Kuas l tbn mioh-
drn, tbhs sbhp hs irjn` whtb.
Hai`nquitn ha quiohty ia` quiathty, jiaahak tbn Drhthsb aivy bis dnna
`nsmrhdn` is hts jlst hatrimtidon prldonj. ]fhoon` snijna tllf ynirs tl triha,
ia` whtblut tbnj tbn wll`na wirsbhps l tbn Tlyio Aivy wnrn riafoy usnonss.
Ittrhthla sustnrn` ha twl `nmi`ns l wirirn ikihast Tnvlouthlairy ia` Aiplonlahm
Griamnia` it thjns ]piha, @najirf, ia` i aujdnr l ltbnr mluatrhnsjniat
tbit a`hak snijna lr Drhtihas wirsbhps dnmijn nvnr jlrn `hmuot, nspnmhiooy
shamn tbn Tlyio Aivy mljpntn` lr jiaplwnr ikihast jlrn-ittrimthvn njpolyjnat
lpplrtuahthns ha jnrmbiat sbhps. Wlouatnnrs lr tbn aivio snrvhmn h` alt prlvn su-
mhnat, ia` tbn aivys oni`nrsbhp rnslrtn` tl lrmhdon rnmruhtjnat lr hjprnssjnat.
^sn` ha nvnry wir l tbn nhkbtnnatb mnatury, ht wis nxtrilr`hairhoy uaplpuoir ha
Drhtiha, dut tbn stritnkhm hjpnrithvn l fnnphak tbn Tlyio Aivy lpnrithlaio prlvh`n`
aivio oni`nrs whtb i custhmithla lr tbn qunsthlaidon primthmn l hjprnssjnat.
Jiaplwnr nmhnamhns ia` tbn haidhohty tl rnpoimn bujia ittrhthla mlatrhdutn`
tl i nmohan ha tbn Tlyio Aivys strnaktb dy tbn thjn l tbn [ir l . Pn aujdnr
l sbhps ha lpnrithlaio mljjia`s noo rlj ha Cuoy tl ha Cuoy , nvnatblukb tbn aivys mljjhtjnats bi` alt `nmohan` prlplrthlaitnoy. Pn sbhps l
Cuoy rnsuotn` ha i sivhaks l , jna lvnr wbit wis anmnssiry lr tbn
sbhps l .Pnsn jiaplwnr kurns wnrn disn` la iutblrhzn` mljponjnats,
dut sbhps wnrn alt iowiys jiaan` tl tbhs onvno.l fnnp jlrn wirsbhps it sni, tbnhr
iutblrhzn` mljponjnats wnrn rn`umn` tl onss tbia lpthjio aujdnrs, oni`hak lan
mlatnjplriry tl wrhtn, Pn jitrhnoia` pnrslaanownrn jlrn tbia nvnr lut l
tbnhr `un prlplrthlas.
Pn Drhthsb aivy mlashstnatoy bi` jlrn sbhps tbia mluo` dn jiaan`, dut lan
sbluo` dn mirnuo ha mluathak sbhps. ]nvnrio stu`hns mhtn Drhthsb aivio strnaktbit ipprlxhjitnoy lan tblusia` wirsbhps. Plukb trun la pipnr, tbhs kurn
hamou`n` nvnrytbhak rlj stithlairy sbhps tl prhsla buofs6 hastni`, tbn aujdnr l
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0 Mbiptnr 9. Nvnry Ippniriamn lg Bistnahak tbn Mrhshs
lpnrithlaio sbhps dy tbn oitn Aiplonlahm pnrhl` virhn` lvnr thjn dntwnna vn bua-
`rn` ia` shx bua`rn`. Ha i mljpirithvn rijnwlrf, tbhs wis sthoo quhtn hjprnsshvn,
shamn tbn Ijnrhmia aivy `urhak tbn [ir l bi` dut gnna tl twnaty lmnia-klhak wirsbhps, ia` laoy drhnffly ha Cuoy wnrn nvna tna it sni shjuotianlusoy.
Lan mljjla issujpthla hs tbit Drhtiha bia`hoy `nnitn` hts lpplanats ia`
rnmljjhsshlan` tbn mipturn` wirsbhps, dut tbn rlon l mipturns mia dn lvnrstitn`.
Ha Cuoy tbn Drhthsb aivy bi` sbhps ha lpnrithlaio mljjia`s, pnrmnat l
tbnj l Drhthsb mlastrumthla. Olaknvhty prlvn` jlrn hjplrtiat tbia mljjhsshla-
hak mipturns. Ha jh`- tbn ivnrikn thjn shamn tbn oiuamb itn lr i npolyn` rhk-
itn wis . ynirs. ]bhps l tbn ohan wnrn nvna lo`nr, whtb ia ivnrikn oiuamb `itn
l jh`-.Fnnphak lo`nr sbhps lpnrithlaio prlvn` fny tl Drhtihas aivio plwnr.
]ustihahak sumb i oirkn ia` ikn` fflnnt `njia`n` supnrd jiaiknjnat, trnjna`lus
aiamhio lutoiys, ia` biransshak hamrnishak onvnos l ha`ustrhiohzithla. Ha tbnsn
irnis, Drhtihas niroy-ahantnnatb-mnatury mipidhohthns `wirn` hts rhvios.]bhp prl-
`umthla ia` jihatnaiamn mnrtihaoy plsn` onss l i prldonj tbia jiaahak tbnj,
ia`, ha sljn rnspnmts, Drhtihas jitnrhio i`viatikns lstsnt jiaplwnr nmhnamhns.
R
Pn Tlyio Aivy bi` tbrnn dishm typns l wirsbhpssbhps l tbn ohan, rhkitns, ia`sjioonr vnssnos (snn idon .). ]bhps l tbn ohan, sljnthjns mioon` dittonsbhps, wnrn
tbn aivys jlst hjplshak sbhps, `nshkan` tl stia` ha i ohan l ditton ia` tri`n
drli`sh`ns ha fflnnt-la-fflnnt nakiknjnats. Pn oirknst sbhps l tbn ohan mljprhsn`
tbn rst ia` snmla` ritns whtb tbrnn uoo kua `nmfs, ritn` lr ahanty lr jlrn kuas.
Dy oitn ha tbn Aiplonlahm pnrhl` tbnhr aujdnr bi` `nmohan`, ia` tbny poiyn` ohtton
rlon ha tbn [ir l shamn tbn stlutnst ^.]. wirsbhps ha wnrn vnry oirkn rhk-
itns ohfn tbn Urnsh`nat.Hamrnishakoy, tbn -kua tbhr` ritn whtb twl uoo kua `nmfs,
plssnsshak i supnrhlr rithl dntwnna mlst, sniwlrtbhanss, rnplwnr, spnn`, ia` mrnw
shzn, `ljhaitn` Drhthsb sbhps l tbn ohan.
Grhkitns wnrn mipidon l aniroy nvnrytbhak nxmnpt stia`hak ha i ohan l ditton.
Uirthmuoiroy, tbny mluo` ua`nrtifn ha`npna`nat jhsshlas, ia` tbny wnrn nxmnoonat
lr pitrlo, smluthak, ia` mlavly nsmlrts. Grhkitns rnquhrn` i tbhr` tl bio tbn jna
l i sbhp l tbn ohan, ia` dy Drhthsb rhkitns wnrn alrjiooy ritn` lr tbhrty-shx
lr tbhrty-nhkbt kuas. Phrty-shx-kua rhkitns `hspoimn` sohkbtoy onss tbia lan tblu-
sia` tlas, ia` tbn -kua virhnty `hspoimn` sohkbtoy jlrn. Dltb typns knanriooy
bi` i prhamhpio irjijnat l -plua` olak kuas jluatn` la i shakon mlathaulus
kua `nmf ruaahak tbn onaktb l tbn rhkitn. I``hthlaio ohkbtnr miaalas ia` mirrla-
i`ns wnrn jluatn` lan `nmf bhkbnr. Phs wis alt i mlathaulus kua `nmf6 hastni`,
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Pbn Tlyio Aivy, tbn ahtn ]titns Aivy, ia tbn Dimfkrlua tl [ir >
snvnrio kuas wnrn poimn` la tbn lrnmiston it tbn dlw l tbn sbhp, wbhon i oirknraujdnr l kuas wnrn irriakn` la tbn quirtnr`nmf tlwir` tbn stnra. Pnrn wnrn al
kuas poimn` ha tbn jh``on l tbn sbhp ha tbn irni falwa is tbn wihst.
]jioonr wirsbhps snrvn` is tbn mitmbioo mitnklry. It hts uppnr ohjht, tbnsn vns-
snos wnrn usn` ha i jiaanr shjhoir tl sjioo rhkitns, ynt nimb wis jiaan` dy i tbhr`
tl bio is jiay jna ia` mlst shkahmiatoy onss. Pn oirknst vnssnos ha tbhs mitnklry
wnrn tbn shxtb ritns6 tbnsn wnrn sbhp-rhkkn` whtb tbrnn jists (lrnjist, jihajist,
ia` jhzznajist), ia` lgna ollfn` ohfn jhahiturn rhkitns, bivhak i quirtnr`nmf
ia` lrnmiston. Jlrn aujnrlus wnrn tbn twl-jistn` drhk sollps. Gousb-`nmfn`
jniahak tbny `h` alt bivn i trun lrnmiston lr quirtnr`nmftbny wnrn `nshkan`is hastrujnats l sni mlatrlo, tl prlcnmt Drhthsb sni plwnr. Pny wnrn knanriooy
i`nquitn lr pitrloohak, nsmlrthak mlavlys, ia` wlrfhak ha tbn ohttlrios. Pn jlst
mljjla wirsbhp l tbhs typn wis tbn Mruhznr moiss tbit `hspoimn` cust onss tbia
lur bua`rn` tlas whtb i stia`ir` irjijnat l x olak -plua` kuas ia` x
-plua` mirrlai`ns.Drhtiha iosl plssnssn` i shkahmiat aujdnr l kuadrhks, lr
oirkn kuadlits jluathak ipprlxhjitnoy twnovn kuas. Pny oimfn` tbn na`uriamn l
tbn sollps ia` wnrn knanriooy usn` molsn tl disns is wnoo is ha tbn ohttlrios ia` mla-
strhmtn` witnrs. Alt surprhshakoy jiay kuadrhks snrvn` irlua` tbn Drhthsb Hsons ia`
ha tbn Diothm. Pn Tlyio Aivy iosl bi` i nw muttnrs ia` smbllanrs tbit wnrn usn`prhjirhoy lr hspitmb ia` pitrlo wlrf.
idon .. ltio Aujdnr lg @npolyn` [irsbhps ha tbn Tlyio Aivy, Cuoy
ypn Kuas Aujdnr
]bhps l tbn ohan Ghrst ritns +
]nmla` ritns
Phr` ritns
]jioo twl-`nmfn` sbhps
Grhkitns Ghgb ritns
]hxtb ritns
]jioonr vnssnos]ollps / Kua drhks /Muttnrs / ntm.
onss tbia
ltio >97
]lurmn3 ]bhps ha ]ni Uiy, 9 Cuo 9294, I@J 2/955.
Altn3 Pn kurns lr wirsbhps rlj tbn snmthla ohsthak uaipprlprhitn` sbhps bivn alt dnna hamou`n` ha tbn tidondnmiusn sljn l tbn sbhps la tbn ohst wnrn alt uooy jiaan` ia` tbus wnrn hamipidon l hjjn`hitn lpnrithlas.
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7 Mbiptnr 9. Nvnry Ippniriamn lg Bistnahak tbn Mrhshs
Dy tbn [ir l , tbn jiclrhty l tbn kuas la sjioonr vnssnos wnrn mirrlai`ns.
Jumb ohkbtnr tbia stia`ir` kuas, tbny tbrnw i bnivy wnhkbt l jntio, iodnht lr sblrt
`hstiamns. Pn mirrlai`n ioolwn` sjioo wirsbhps tl bivn tbn bhkbnst drli`sh`n-tl-tlaaikn rithl l iay typn l wirsbhp ha tbn Tlyio Aivy. Glr nxijpon, tbn Drhthsb
lrhkhaiooy hatna`n` tbit tbn oni` sbhp l wbit dnmijn tbn aujnrlus Mruhznrmoiss
bivn ia irjijnat l x -plua` olak kuas, dut dy sudsthtuthak mirrlai`ns, bnr
drli`sh`n wnhkbt hamrnisn` rlj tl plua`s.
Plukb tbhs mbiakn hamrnisn` ontbiohty, Drhthsb mirrlai`ns bi` mnrtiha `nshka
iuots, immlr`hak tl [hoohij Cijns. Is i bhstlrhia l tbn Tlyio Aivy ia i mlatnj-
plriry l tbn pnrhl`, Cijns oniran` rlj aivio lmnrs tbit Drhthsb mirrlai`ns wnrn
ohkbtnr tbia tbnhr Ijnrhmia mluatnrpirts, jifhak tbnj uastni`y ha imthla. Drhthsb
mirrlai`ns iosl bi` sblrtnr juzzons ia` olaknr drnnmbns, jniahak tbn wniplas
bnitn` jlrn riph`oy whtb rhak6 ha i``hthla, Drhthsb rlua`s `h` alt mirry is ir is
tblsn sblt rlj Ijnrhmia mirrlai`ns. Cijns issnrtn` tbit nshka iuots wnrn lua` ha
ioo shzns l Drhthsb mirrlai`ns dut wnrn pirthmuoiroy prlaluamn` ha tbn -plua` typn.
R
L tbn jiclr aivhns, Drhtihas ji`n tbn krnitnst usn l rhkitns ia` sjioonr vnssnos.
Phs wis pirthmuoiroy trun ignr riiokir. Plukb tbn Drhthsb tllf tbn plsshdhohty li oirkn fflnnt nakiknjnat snrhlusoy, tbn Grnamb aivy rirnoy put tl sni ha aujdnrs,
ia` Drhtiha bi` tl `nvltn hamrnishak ittnathla tl plohmhak tbn snis ia` ittnjpthak
tl mlatrlo jirhthjn mljjuahmithlas.Is tbn `ljhaiat aivio plwnr, Drhtiha bi`
tl dn prnpirn` lr pltnathio ia` `nvnolphak tbrnits ia` sustiha i prnsnamn, nspn-
mhiooy ha stritnkhmiooy hjplrtiat irnis. Phs natihon` tbn ann` tl pitrlo nvnr-oirknr
knlkripbhm irnis ia` rnsuotn` ha anw mljjia`s, hamou`hak `hsthamt mljjia`s
lst tbn nist mlist l ]lutb Ijnrhmi ia` it tbn Mipn l Kll` Blpn. Nvna ignr tbn
Drhthsb mipturn` tbn oist Grnamb disn it Jiurhthus ha ia` tbn oist @utmb disn
it Civi ha , tbn Drhthsb fnpt nhkbtnna wirsbhps, l wbhmb tna wnrn rhkitns, ha tbnHa`hia Lmnia tbrlukb .Jlrnlvnr, tbnsn wnrn `hmuot mljjia`s tl sustiha,
khvna tbnhr `hstiamn rlj tbn Drhthsb Hsons. ]jioonr wirsbhps prlvh`n` Drhtiha ia
nstnmthvn jnias l nxnrmhshak mljjia` l tbn sni whtb nwnr snijna6 blwnvnr, tbn
usn l sjioonr wirsbhps jniat tbny jhkbt dn olst h tbn shtuithla ha i rnkhla `ntn-
rhlritn`. Ha sumb misns tbn Drhthsb ittnjptn` tl surkn rnhalrmnjnats tl rnnstid-
ohsb tbnhr aivio prnsnamn. Phs mnrtihaoy lmmurrn` ha snvnrio rnkhlas `urhak tbn [ir
l . Pn mljponxhty l jiaikhak anir-koldio `npolyjnats ia` issnsshak rhsf
ji`n nxnrmhshak mljjia` i ir jlrn auiamn` ia` pltnathiooy i jlrn `hmuot ihj
tbia kihahak mljjia`. Jlrnlvnr, nxnrmhshak mljjia` wis ia ha`nahtn ldcnmt
tbit `h` alt na` whtb tbn wir.
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Pbn Tlyio Aivy, tbn ahtn ]titns Aivy, ia tbn Dimfkrlua tl [ir ;
rimfhak fflnnt `npolyjnats ha tbn rst bio l sbn`s ohkbt la Drhtihas wir-
thjn prhlrhthns. Pn prhamhpio ditton fflnnts lpnritn` ha tbn Jn`htnrriania ]ni, tbn
Alrtb ]ni, ia` tbn slutbnra ipprlimbns tl tbn Nakohsb Mbiaano sl is tl dolmf-i`n tbn Grnamb aivio disns sumb is luola, Iatwnrp, ia` Drnst. Pnsn Drhthsb dit-
ton fflnnts wnrn ann`n` tl mlarlat Aiplonlas nxpiashvn aivio-duho`hak prlkrij
ignr riiokir tbit njpbishzn` tbn mlastrumthla l sbhps l tbn ohan whtb tbn ldcnmt
l mrnithak i quiathtithvnoy supnrhlr fflnnt. Is olak is Aiplonla sustihan` i aivio-
duho`hak prlkrij, tbn Drhthsb bi` tl jihatiha hts dolmfi`n squi`rlas. Phs hjpnr-
ithvn `rihan` ipprlxhjitnoy pnrmnat l tbn Tlyio Aivys sbhps l tbn ohan ia`
havlovn` `nnashvn `npolyjnats wbnrn tbn hahthithvn rnstn` whtb tbn Grnamb3 tbny
mluo` phmf tbn thjn tl siho, wbnrnis tbn Tlyio Aivy bi` tl jihatiha i mlastiat
prnsnamn lst Grnamb aivio plrts ha ioo wnitbnr mla`hthlas. Dut, is lan Drhthsb i`jh-
rio put ht, stlpphak tbn Nanjys sbhps ha plrt wbnrn tbny mia dn sl nishoy mlaan`
wis tbn purplsn l tbn dolmfi`hak squi`rlas.Blwnvnr, tbn Drhthsb I`jhrioty
wlrrhn` idlut tbn krnit ia` `ihoy hamrnishak lrmn l tbn Nanjy ha ioo tbnhr `h-
nrnat plrts. Ha Cuan `hrnmthlas wnat lut tl fflnnt mljjia`nrs tl jihatiha ia
nvnr-jlrn-vhkhoiat dolmfi`n. Issnssjnats l olak-tnrj trna`s wnrn nvna jlrn hs-
mlurikhak, whtb lan I`jhrioty lmhio qunsthlahak blw ht whoo nvna dn plsshdon tl
fnnp up tbn systnj l Dolmfi`n is bn hamrnisns bhs lrmn hs dnyla` jy mljprnbna-
shla lr ht hs tltiooy hjplsshdon tl hamrnisn lur aivy ha tbit rithl.
@npolyhak i`nquitn lrmns tl mlarlat Grnamb aivio mlastrumthla bi` dnkua
tl strnss tbn Tlyio Aivy la tbn nvn l tbn [ir l , nspnmhiooy shamn ltbnr stritn-
khm hjpnrithvns iosl rnquhrn` tbn prnmhlus wirsbhps. @npolyjnats ha tbn Diothm ur-
hak tbn oittnr ynirs l tbn Aiplonlahm [irs snrvn` i twl-lo` purplsn l prltnmthak
mlavlys mirryhak aivio stlrns nssnathio tl Drhtihas aivio survhvio, ia` ittnjpthak
tl prnvnat tbn Diothm rlj dnmljhak i oifn `ljhaitn` dy Griamn ia` nspnmhiooy hts
ioohns. Lst tbn ]piahsb ia` Ulrtukunsn mlists, i``hthlaio `npolyjnats supplrtn`
tbn oia` mijpihka la tbn Hdnrhia Unahasuoi dnhak lrmbnstritn` dy tbn uturn @ufn
l [noohaktla.
Lutsh`n Nurlpn prhlr tl , tbn Drhthsb bi` solwoy nohjhaitn` ioo mlolahns
dnolakhak tl Griamn ia` hts isslmhitns6 lamn tbnsn mlolahns wnrn ha Drhthsb bia`s,
tbn I`jhrioty `h` alt rnmioo hts aivio squi`rlas. Hastni`, tbn Drhthsb mlathaun`
tl nxnrmhsn mljjia` l tbn sni shamn hts nmlaljhm systnj `njia`n` tbn jiha-
tnaiamn l `npolyjnats tl prltnmt Drhtihas mlolahns ia` tri`n rlutns. Drhtihas
hjplrts jlrn tbia `ludon` dntwnna ia` , wbhon nxplrts hamrnisn` dy i
tbhr` ia` rn-nxplrts aniroy trhpon`.l sinkuir` nxpia`hak tri`n, aivio squi`-
rlas wnrn rntllon` tl rnfflnmt tbrnits ha tbnhr irnis l lpnrithla. Titbnr tbia ditton
fflnnts, squi`rlas la lrnhka stithlas snrvn` is rnjha`nrs l Drhthsb plwnr whtb ohj-htn` mipidhohthns tl `nio whtb njnrkhak tbrnits. [htblut nxmnpthla, tbn Tlyio Aivys
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2 Mbiptnr 9. Nvnry Ippniriamn lg Bistnahak tbn Mrhshs
lrnhka squi`rlas wnrn shtuitn` iolak lr it tbn tnrjhaus l bnr sni-ohans l mlj-
juahmithlas, hanxtrhmidoy ohafhak tri`n rlutns whtb aivio `npolyjnats.
R
Pn hatnrimthla dntwnna Alrtb Itoiathm tri`n rlutns ia` Drhthsb aivio npolyjnats
`lns jumb tl nxpoiha tbn aiturn l tbn [ir l la tbn lmnias. [ha` ia` mur-
rnats dltb hjpn`n` ia` `hmtitn` tbn jlvnjnat l sihohak sbhps tl mrnitn i bhkb
onvno l prn`hmtidhohty ha tbn pitb ia` thjhak l jirhthjn mljjnrmn. Urn`hmtidhohty
on` tl vuoanridhohty ia` tbn pltnathio lr hatnr`hmthla. l jhahjhzn jirhthjn rhsf,
Drhtiha mrnitn` i mlavly systnj tbit dnmijn hamrnishakoy pnrvishvn ia` slpbhsth-mitn` `urhak tbn Aiplonlahm Unrhl`.
MudiMudi
Anwglua`oia`
BiohgixDlstla
Anw Xlrf
]urhai
j
Dnrju`i
Dibijis
CijihmiDirdi`ls
MipnWnr`nHsoia`
Ji`nhriHsoia`
Izlrns
25 75 05 45
05
45
45057525
45
05
Kuyia
i
PlDnrju i
Pl
tbn
Nis
t
Ha`
hns
PlCijihmi
TnturatlDrhtiha
PlAnwglua`oia`,Biohgix,Alrtb
^.].
Ha tbn Itoiathm, murrnats ia` wha`s jlvn ha i molmfwhsn pittnra. Mlavlys oniv-
hak tbn ^ahtn` Fhak`lj strntmbn` slutb ia` wnst tlwir` Ji`nhri. Phs hsoia`
mluo` dn snna rlj ir lst, khvna hts jluatihalus tlplkripby, sl ht snrvn` is i rna-`nzvlus lr smittnrn` Drhthsb mlavlys. ]bhps mlathauhak tlwir` ]lutb Ijnrhmi ia`
tbn Nist Ha`hns prnssn` slutb l Ji`nhri, wbhon sbhps bni`n` lr tbn Mirhddnia ia`
Jip 9.9 Pn Alrtb Itoiathm ri`n Tlutns
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Pbn Tlyio Aivy, tbn ahtn ]titns Aivy, ia tbn Dimfkrlua tl [ir 8
Alrtb Ijnrhmi loolwn` tbn murrnat ia` tbn wha` wnst imrlss tbn Itoiathm, whtb
mlavlys lmmishlaiooy rikjnathak is sbhps drlfn lst lr Dnrju`i ia` tbn ^ahtn`
]titns. Is mlavlys ipprlimbn` tbn [ha`wir` Hsoia`s, sbhps lr plrts ha prnsnat-`iy Kuyiai ia` ]urhaijn pirtn` mljpiay whtb tbn mlavly, wbhon tbn mlavly
mlathaun` tl tbn [ha`wir` Hsoia`s. Pn rnjihahak sbhps usuiooy ittnjptn` tl
jifn Dirdi`ls, tbn jlst wha`wir` l tbn [ha`wir` Hsoia`s.La tbhs hsoia` tbn
Drhthsb disn` hts piri`lxhmiooy aijn` Onnwir` Hsoia`s ]tithla. Dy hts jhsshlas
havlovn` pitrloohak tbn witnrs irlua` tbn [ha`wir` ia` Onnwir` Hsoia`s, is wnoo
is tbn alrtbnra mlist l ]lutb Ijnrhmi.
Grlj Dirdi`ls, mlavlys lgna sihon` lr Cijihmi. Khvna prnvihohak mla`hthlas,
tbhs wis ia nisy vlyikn, dut tbn sijn prnvihohak mla`hthlas ji`n tbn rnvnrsn hjpls-
shdon. Pn haidhohty tl siho hrnmtoy rlj Cijihmi tl Dirdi`ls on` tbn I`jhrioty tl snt
up ia ha`npna`nat mljjia` it Cijihmi. Ha tbn tisfs l tbhs stithla hamou`n`
prltnmthak Cijihmi ia` jihatihahak kll` lr`nr ha tbn Kuo l Jnxhml, wbhmb on` tl
pitrlos lst tbn jlutb l tbn Jhsshsshpph Thvnr. Khvna tbn murrnats, tbn stithla iosl
hamou`n` tbn snis irlua` Mudi, Golrh`i, ia` tbn Dibijis. Lutdlua` Cijihmi mla-
vlys usn` i ivlridon murrnat tl piss dntwnna Golrh i ia` Mudi ia` tbna dntwnna
Golrh`i ia` tbn Dibijis, phmfhak up tbn Kuo ]trnij ia` rnclhahak tbn molmfwhsn
wha` ia` murrnats l tbn Itoiathm.
Dy tbn krnit jiclrhty l tbn Drhthsb wirsbhps ha tbn Onnwir` Hsoia`s ia`
Cijihmi ]tithlas mlashstn` l sollps ia` ltbnr sjioo vnssnos, rnfflnmthak tbn Drhthsb
I`jhriotys issnssjnat l i oimf l ia hjjhanat aivio tbrnit (snn idon .). I
Drhthsb klvnrajnat jnjlria`uj nxpoihan` tbit, ha , altbhak lmmurrn` tl
ha`umn tbn I`jhrioty tl hamrnisn tbhs driamb l tbn aivio lrmn. Pn Grnamb sblwn`
al `hsplshthla tl pusb lut tl tbn [nst Ha`hns6 dltb tbn Biythia VshmZ Mbhns prl-
nssn` rhna`sbhp lr Nakoia`6 tbn rnmnpthla l Grnamb prhvitnnrs ha ]piahsb plrts
dnmijn jlrn hjprldidon6 ia`, tblukb tbn mlash`nrithla l plsshdon `iaknr `h`
alt mnisn . . . tbn I`jhrioty . . . tblukbt tbnjsnovns custhn` ha rn`umhak ha i sjioo
`nkrnn tbn [nst Ha`hi lrmn.
idon .. Mljpirithvn ]trnaktb lg Drhthsb Aivio ]tithlas ha ltio [irsbhps
Biohix ]tithla
Cijihmi ]tithla
Onnwir` Hsoia`s ]tithla
ltios
]lurmn3 Drhthsb Aivy ha Alrtb Ijnrhmi, 92959=, Mistonrnikb, 234272;.
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95 Mbiptnr 9. Nvnry Ippniriamn lg Bistnahak tbn Mrhshs
Mljjnrmn rnturahak tl Drhtiha rlj tbn Onnwir` Hsoia`s ia` Cijihmi ]tithlas
sihon` alrtb, pirioonohak tbn nistnra snidlir` l tbn ^ahtn` ]titns ia` Drhthsb
Miai`i dnlrn irmbhak nistwir` hatl tbn Itoiathm, pisshak alrtbwnst l tbn Izlrns,ia` mlathauhak la tlwir` tbn slutbnra mlists l Nakoia` ia` Hrnoia`. ^shak tbn
Izlrns is i wiyplhat mnrtihaoy i``n` tl tbn vuoanridhohty l tbn rlutn, dut ht iosl
snrvn` is ia nstnmthvn rna`nzvlus, shjhoir tl Ji`nhri la tbn wiy lut. l jhahjhzn
tbn rhsf l pirioonohak tbn ^.]. mlist, tbn Drhthsb `npolyn` i squi`rla disn` lut l
Biohix ia` Dnrju`i. Hts isshkajnats wnrn aujnrlus ia` hamou`n` tbn prltnm-
thla l tri`n, tbn jirhthjn `nnasn l Drhthsb Miai`i ia` Dnrju`i, ia` hatnrim-
thlas whtb tbn ahtn` ]titns. Pn oittnr dnmijn hamrnishakoy shkahmiat is Ijnrhmia
jnrmbiat mljjnrmn krnw, prlpnoon` dy .]. anutriohty ha tbn Grnamb Tnvlouthlairy
ia` Aiplonlahm [irs.
Pn aio Drhthsb squi`rla ha Alrtb Ijnrhmi, tbn Anwlua`oia` ]tithla, wis
prhjirhoy i snislaio `npolyjnat. [irsbhps sihon` rlj Drhtiha dntwnna Jirmb
ia` Cuan tl prltnmt tbn Anwlua`oia` sbnrhns ia` mljjnrmn pisshak tbn Kria`
Diafs. Jlst l tbn stithlas wirsbhps whatnrn` ha tbn ^ahtn` Fhak`lj. Lvnrioo, tbhs
wis tbn sjioonst l tbn Alrtb Ijnrhmia stithlas, mlatihahak ipprlxhjitnoy twnovn
wirsbhps urhak tbn sujjnr.
Jnrmbiat sbhpphak lr tbn Anwlua`oia` sbnrhns, lgna Miai`i, ia` nvna
tbn alrtbnra ^ahtn` ]titns `npirtn` tbn Drhthsb Hsons ia` tbna sihon` wnst iolak
tbn ipprlxhjitn oithtu`n l A. Phs wis sohkbtoy alrtb l tbn prnvihohak wha`s
tbit drlukbt tbn Cijihmi ia` [nst Ha`hns tri`n tl Drhtiha. Gloolwhak tbn oith-
tu`n mirrhn` sbhps `hrnmtoy tl Anwlua`oia`6 tifhak i`viatikn l ivlridon mur-
rnats ia` wha`s, sbhps mluo` jifn tbn Kuo l ]t. Oiwrnamn lr tbn vlyikn hatl
Yundnm, Biohix, ia` nvna Dlstla. Pn rntura rlutn tippn` hatl tbn sijn prnviho-
hak wha`s ia` murrnats tbit ioolwn` sbhps rnturahak rlj tbn Mirhddnia tl prl-
mnn` vhi tbn Izlrns.
Pn sni-oians tbit mlavnrkn` la tbn Drhthsb Hsons mlamnatritn` mljjnrmn
ha i ahtn spimn, jifhak ht vuoanridon. Jlrnlvnr, mlavlys lgna smittnrn` is tbnyrnimbn` Drhtiha sl jnrmbiats mluo` kiha tbnhr rnspnmthvn plrts. Is i rnsuot, tbn
Drhthsb snt up i stithla it Mlrf ha Hrnoia` tl mlvnr tbn irrhvio l Nist ia` [nst Ha`hi
mlavlys. Aivio stithlas `lttn` Nakoia`s nist mlist it Uoyjlutb, Ulrtsjlutb, ia`
Xirjlutb, wbhon mljjia`s it tbn @lwans ia` ]bnnranss prltnmtn` Ola`la ia`
tbn Pijns Nstuiry. I aio squi`rla lpnritn` lut l Onhtb (plrt lr N`hadurkb) tl
supplrt tri`n tl tbn alrtb.
idon . ha`hmitns tbit tbn Drhthsb aivy bi` wirsbhps ha lpnrithlaio `npoly-
jnats is l Cuoy . L tbnsn, i ir rlj hashkahmiat pnrmnat wnrn stithlan`
irlua` tbn Drhthsb Hsons. Idlut bio l tbn aivy lpnritn` la lrnhka stithlas, hamou`-hak tblsn ha tbn Jn`htnrriania ia` Ulrtukio. Pn idhohty tl fnnp -pous wir-
sbhps `npolyn` la lrnhka stithlas, sljn is ir iwiy is Mbhai, `njlastritn` tbn
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Pbn Tlyio Aivy, tbn ahtn ]titns Aivy, ia tbn Dimfkrlua tl [ir 99
mljponxhty l tbn olkhsthm ia` i`jhahstrithvn systnjs `nvnolpn` dy Drhtiha, nspn-
mhiooy mlash`nrhak tbit al ltbnr shakon mlatnjplriry aivy bi` sl jiay lmnia-
klhak wirsbhps ha hts havnatlry.
Nvna whtb hts mljpirithvnoy oirkn shzn, Drhtihas mljjhtjnats jniat tbit hts
aivy wis strntmbn` tbha wbna tbn ^ahtn` ]titns `nmoirn` wir ha Cuan . Pn
Tlyio Aivy mlathaun` tl kbt tbn nxhstnathio tbrnit l Aiplonlahm Griamn. It tbnsijn thjn, tbn Drhthsb aivy nalrmn` kll` lr`nr it sni la i anir-koldio dishs,
wbhon tbn Tlyio Aivys shzn bi` `nmohan` rlj `npolyn` sbhps ha tl
idon .. Drhthsb Aivio @npolyjnats, Cuoy
]bhps lgtbn ohan Grhkitns ]jioonrvnssnos ltio
Jn`htnrriania
nxno & ]mbno`t
Diothm
Mbiaano
Ulrtukio
Nist Ha`hns
Mipn l Kll` Blpn ]lutb Ijnrhmi
Onnwir` Hsoia`s
Cijihmi
Alrtb Ijnrhmi
Anwlua`oia`
Hrnoia`
Mbiaano Hsoia`s
Uoyjlutb
Ulrtsjlutb
@lwans
]bnnranss
Xirjlutb
Onhtb
Mlavlys & Uirthmuoir ]nrvhmn
ltios
]lurmn3 ]bhps ha ]ni Uiy, 9 Cuo 9294, I@J 2/955.
Altn3 Pn mlouja lr rhkitns iosl mlatihas twl-`nmfn` >5-kua sbhps ia` twl-`nmfn` 00-kua sbhps.
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94 Mbiptnr 9. Nvnry Ippniriamn lg Bistnahak tbn Mrhshs
ha Cuoy . Jlrnlvnr, tbn ^ahtn` ]titns wis i pltnathiooy `iaknrlus lpplanat
whtb jiay trihan` siholrs ia` i sjioo aivy. Ha i``hthla, Alrtb Ijnrhmi wis ir
rlj tbn Drhthsb Hsons, prnsnathak olkhsthmio ia` `npolyjnat prldonjs. Nxpnrhnamnrlj tbn Ijnrhmia Tnvlouthla ia` ia ua`nrstia`hak l knlkripby lrntlo` tbit
tbn wir wluo` bivn i shkahmiat aivio mljplanat. Blwnvnr, Drhtihas aivio oni`nr-
sbhp oimfn` tbn idhohty tl riph`oy surkn lrmns tl tbn Alrtb Ijnrhmia irni l lpnri-
thlas. Laoy shx sbhps l tbn ohan, shx rhkitns, ia` nonvna sjioonr wirsbhps wnrn ha
rnsnrvn la Cuoy , dut sljn wnrn alt ha i mla`hthla lr `hstiat `npolyjnats
ia` tbn jiaahak onvno l tbnsn sbhps virhn`.Tnioolmithak sbhps rlj ltbnr mlj-
jia`s wis ia lpthla, dut nw mljjia`s bi` ua`nruthohzn` issnts. ifna tlkntbnr,
tbnsn imtlrs jniat tbit Drhthsb oni`nrsbhp imn` i bhkb onvno l uamnrtihaty it tbn
lutdrnif l blsthohthns, ia` tbn I`jhrioty oimfn` tbn jnias tl riph`oy rnhalrmn tbn
mljjia`s jlst istnmtn` dy tbn [ir l .
R
[bnrnis Drhtiha `ljhaitn` tbn snis ha tbn ynirs dnlrn tbn [ir l , tbn ^ahtn`
]titns onvnrikn` hts anutrio stitus tl imhohtitn tri`n whtb ioo dnoohknrnats. Ha tbn prl-
mnss, Ijnrhmia nxplrts jlrn tbia qui`rupon` dntwnna ia` . Pn rhshak
tri`n on` tl tbn jnrmbiat jirhan krlwhak rlj , tlas ha tl , ha, jifhak tbn ^ahtn` ]titns tbn oirknst anutrio tri`hak stitn l tbn thjn.
Glr tbn ^ahtn` ]titns, tbn prltnmthla l mljjnrmn spurrn` tbn `nvnolpjnat l
i sjioo aivy ia` on` tl mljdit `npolyjnats. Dntwnna ia` tbn ^ahtn`
]titns wikn` ia ua`nmoirn` aivio wir ikihast Griamn tl `nna` Ijnrhmia mlj-
jnrmhio rhkbts. Falwa is tbn Yuish-[ir, tbn Ijnrhmia aivy kihan` hts rst vhm-
tlrhns.]lla ignr, Ijnrhmia wirsbhps `npolyn` tl tbn Jn`htnrriania tl mlarlat
snvnrio Alrtb Irhmia stitns. Lgna mioon` tbn Dirdiry phritns, tbn Alrtb Irhmias
usn` tbn `hsolmithla l tbn Nurlpnia mlafflhmt tl rnissnrt tbnhr bhstlrhmio plshthla dy
prnyhak la tbn Jn`htnrriania mljjnrmn l mluatrhns rnushak tl prlvh`n trhdutn.Titbnr tbia piy, tbn ^ahtn` ]titns snat hts aivy.Anhtbnr tbn Yuish-[ir alr prld-
onjs whtb tbn Alrtb Irhmia stitns wluo` bivn lmmurrn` is tbny `h` h Ijnrhmia
jnrmbiat sbhps bi` alt pohn` tbn lmnias, ia` h tbn `hsolmithla l tbn Nurlpnia wir
bi` alt mrnitn` jirhthjn hastidhohty tbit on` tl tbn birissjnat l ^.]. jirhthjn
mljjnrmn.
Ha i``hthla tl tbn idlvn prldonjs, i jirhthjn mlafflhmt solwoy nstnrn` dntwnna
Drhtiha ia` tbn ^ahtn` ]titns lvnr tbn loolwhak tbrnn, lgna lvnroipphak, hssuns3
tbn hjprnssjnat l ^.]. mhthznas hatl tbn Drhthsb aivy, tbn rnn pissikn l ^.]. jnr-
mbiat sbhpphak, ia` rhshak aivio iatiklahsj dntwnna tbn Drhthsb Tlyio Aivy ia`
tbn ^ahtn` ]titns Aivy.
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Pbn Tlyio Aivy, tbn ^ahtn ]titns Aivy, ia tbn Dimfkrlua tl [ir 9=
Hjprnssjnat, lr lrmhdon rnmruhtjnat, prlvn` hatnkrio lr jiaahak tbn Drhthsb
aivy. Pn Tlyio Aivy issnrtn` hts rhkbt tl stlp Drhthsb ia` lrnhka-fflikkn` sbhps ia`
rnjlvn iay Drhthsb sudcnmts lr snrvhmn ha tbn aivy. Plukb Drhthsb oiw ji`n ht hoon-kio tl hjprnss lrnhkanrs, tblsn moihjhak ^.]. mhthznasbhp miusn` trnjna`lus `h-
muothns. Iukustus Glstnr, tbn Drhthsb jhahstnr tl [isbhaktla hjjn`hitnoy prhlr tl
tbn [ir l , nxpoihan`, Pn hamlavnahnamn anmnssirhoy rnsuothak rlj tbn shjh-
oirhty l bidhts, oiakuikn, ia` jiaanr, dntwnna tbn Habidhtiats l tbn twl Mluatrhns
hs prl`umthvn l ]udcnmts l Mljpoihat ia` rnkrnt.I rnoitn` prldonj havlovn` tbn
triasnr l mhthznasbhp lr aituriohzithla. Ijnrhmia lmhios ioolwn` ha`hvh`uios tl
ldtiha mhthznasbhp ignr twl ynirs l rnsh`namn ha tbn ^ahtn` ]titns lr twl ynirs l
snrvhmn la dlir` i sbhp sihohak ua`nr tbn Ijnrhmia fflik. Dut, ia Nakohsb lmhio
jihatihan`, H al `hsthamthla mia dn ji`n dy tbn klvnrajnat l tbn ^ahtn` ]titns,
dntwnna aithvn ia` aituriohzn` Mhthznas6 ia` h nvnry Drhthsb ]nijia wbl nsmipns
tl Ijnrhmi jiy, h bn ponisns, dnmljn i aituriohzn` ]udcnmt, ht snnjs tl dn usn-
onss tl natnr hatl iay `hsmusshla lr irriaknjnat . . . is ht hs prnsujn` tbit wn sbioo
anvnr idia`la tbit uahvnrsiooy imfalwon`kn` jixhj ha tbn Oiw l Aithlas, tbit i
]udcnmt miaalt tbrlw lst bhs ioonkhiamn wbhmb loolws bhj wbnrnvnr bn klns.Pn
Drhthsb ia` Ijnrhmia vhnws l aituriohzithla `hstnrn`6 tbn Drhthsb laoy mlash`nrn`
tblsn dlra ha tbn ^ahtn` ]titns lr rnsh`hak tbnrn dnlrn is onkhthjitn ^.]. mhth-
znas. Tu`hjnatiry rnmlr`s ia` `lmujnatithla urtbnr mljpohmitn` tbn hssun dy
jifhak ht nisy tl mrnitn riu`uonat rnmlr`s. Drhtihas Ghrst Olr` l tbn I`jhrioty
oijnatn` ha , Pus ht dnmljns i vnry hmuot plhat tl riw tbn ohan, ia` H bivn
iowiys mlash`nrn` tbhs is tbn krnitnst nvho irhshak rlj tbn snpirithla.
Is whtb jlst `hvhshvn hssuns, tbnrn wnrn twl pnrspnmthvns. La tbn lan bia`, tbn
^ahtn` ]titns custoy `njia`n` rnspnmt lr hts mhthznas rhkbts, ia` tl dn surn, onkhth-
jitn ^.]. mhthznas wnrn lrmn` tl snrvn la dlir` Drhthsb wirsbhps. La tbn ltbnr
bia`, Drhthsb ia` Ijnrhmia oiw `nan` mhthznasbhp `hstnrnatoy6 snijna ji`n pnr-
vishvn usn l riu`uonat prlls l .]. mhthznasbhp6 ia` pnrbips jlst hjplrtiat,
Drhtihas wir whtb Griamn `njia`n` i plwnruo aivy lr sno-prnsnrvithla. l sup-plrt tbn vhtio hatnrnst l Drhthsb sni plwnr, Tlyio Aivy oni`nrsbhp bi` al rnmlursn
whtbha hts nxhsthak systnj dut tl rnoy la hjprnssjnat. Plsn iosnoy hjprnssn` usn`
`hpoljithm ia` ltbnr mbiaanos tl ldtiha rnonisn. Drhthsb oni`nrs dnohnvn` tbny imtn`
ohdnriooy, ia` lan Tlyio Aivy lmnr wis prldidoy alt ir lst wbna bn mljpoihan`
ha , Dn issurn` bio tbn jna wn hsmbirkn is Ijnrhmias irn Nakohsb snijna.
Ialtbnr vhtio Drhthsb aithlaio hatnrnst havlovn` jihatihahak tbn rnn ffllw l
hts mljjnrmn wbhon rnstrhmthak Grnamb mljjnrmhio imthvhthns. [bnrnis tbn ^ahtn`
]titns supplrtn` tbn rnn ffllw l mljjnrmn, rnstrhmthlas la tri`n mlatri`hmtn`
Ijnrhmia nmlaljhm hatnrnsts. l jifn tbn hssun jlrn mlatnathlus, tbn Grnambklvnrajnat prljltn` anutrio mljjnrmn is i wiy tl wlrf irlua` Drhthsb aivio
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90 Mbiptnr 9. Nvnry Ippniriamn lg Bistnahak tbn Mrhshs
`ljhaiamn. Jlrnlvnr, Grnamb rnkuoithlas ji`n ht hoonkio lr Ijnrhmia jnr-
mbiats tl tri`n whtb Drhtiha. Ha ltbnr wlr`s, h tbn ^ahtn` ]titns loolwn` Drhthsb
rnkuoithlas, tbn Grnamb not mbnitn`, wbhon tbn Drhthsb mrhn` luo wbna Ijnrhmiajnrmbiats loolwn` Grnamb mljjnrmhio `hmtitns. Ijnrhmia jnrmbiats wnrn alt
haalmnat, is tbny piroiyn` anutriohty hatl nmlaljhm kiha dy ittnjpthak tl tri`n
whtb dltb dnoohknrnats.
]umb sbhgy jianuvnrhak prlvn` `hmuot tl jlahtlr, dut dltb Griamn ia`
Drhtiha `nnjn` ht hjplrtiat tl nxnrmhsn sljn mlatrlo lvnr lrnhka tri`n. Phs wis
pirthmuoiroy trun loolwhak riiokir. Dntwnna ia` , Drhthsb aivio `ljh-
aiamn krnw, wbhon Griamn wla oia` vhmtlrhns it Iustnrohtz, Cnai, Iunrst`t, ia`
Grhn`oia`. Pn rnsuot wis i stionjitn dntwnna tbn wlro`s krnitnst oia` ia` sni plw-
nrs. l drnif tbn `ni`olmf, dltb Drhtiha ia` Griamn turan` tl nmlaljhm wirirn.
Jlst altidoy, Aiplonla trhn` tbn Mlathanatio ]ystnj ia` tbn Drhthsb tbn Lr`nrs
ha Mluamho. Aiplonlas systnj, ia ittnjpt tl mlatrlo jirhthjn mljjnrmn whtblut
aivio plwnr, njnrkn` ha oitn ia` wis rnan` `urhak tbn sudsnqunat ynirs.
Aiplonla onvnrikn` bhs oia` plwnr dy lrmhak jlst irnis l mlathanatio Nurlpn
tl nxmou`n lr mlasmitn tri`n rlj Drhtiha, lr tri`n tbit bi` pissn` tbrlukb tbn
Drhthsb Hsons, lr mljjnrmn la dlir` jnrmbiat vnssnos vhshtn` dy Drhthsb wirsbhps.
Pn Drhthsb Lr`nrs ha Mluamho `njia`n` tbit jnrmbiat vnssnos tri`hak whtb mla-
thanatio Nurlpn ldtiha ia Nakohsb ohmnasn. Gloolwhak Drhthsb `hmtitns rnsuotn` ha
Grnamb mlasmithla, ia` loolwhak Grnamb `hmtitns rnsuotn` ha mipturn dy Drhthsb
wirsbhps.
]hamn tbn ^ahtn` ]titns wis tbn oirknst anutrio tri`hak plwnr, tbn `nprn`ithlas
rnsuothak rlj tbn Grnamb Mlathanatio ]ystnj ia` tbn Drhthsb Lr`nrs ha Mluamho
wnrn fnnaoy not. Plukb tbn imthlas l dltb Drhtiha ia` Griamn nmlaljhmiooy `ij-
ikn` tbn ^ahtn` ]titns, Urnsh`nat Pljis Cnstnrsla iptoy wrltn, [n rnshst tbn
natnrprhsns l Nakoia` rst, dnmiusn tbny rst mljn vhtiooy bljn tl us.Ha tbhs, bn
rnnrrn` tl tbn rnimb l tbn Tlyio Aivy tbit ioolwn` krnitnr plwnr l nalrmnjnat
ia` mrnitn` i mlastiat slurmn l rhmthla it sni tbit prlvn` hjplsshdon tl ijnohl-ritn. Lan jnjdnr l tbn ^.]. Mlakrnss put ht ohfn tbhs3 Alt laoy tbn sinty l bnr
VDrhtihasZ mlolahns idrli`, dut tbit l bnr vnry nxhstnamn is ia ha`npna`nat aithla
`npna`s upla bnr aivio supnrhlrhty.
Mljjnrmhio ia` hjprnssjnat hssuns sphoon` lvnr hatl i `nvnolphak aivio mla-
fflhmt dntwnna Drhtiha ia` tbn ^ahtn` ]titns. Lan nxijpon lmmurrn` ha wbna
Clba Tl`knrs, tbna mljjia`hak tbn ^.]. Jn`htnrriania ]qui`rla, wrltn tl
Miptiha Pljis Doi`na Mipno l tbn -kua Drhthsb rhkitn Ublndntbit tbnrn wnrn
twl Ijnrhmias la dlir` bhs sbhp. Ha rnsplasn, Mipno nxpoihan`, Pn Jistnr l tbn
Wnssno tbny wnrn hjprnssn` rlj, laoy issurn` jn tbit lan wis ia Ijnrhmia, dutis tbnhr Mnrthmitns wnrn alt Tnkuoir lr Monir H bi` strlak krlua`s lr ]upplshak
tbnj Nakohsb ]nijna, dut upla iay issuriamn rlj ylu tbit tbny irn rniooy
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Pbn Tlyio Aivy, tbn ahtn ]titns Aivy, ia tbn Dimfkrlua tl [ir 9>
Ijnrhmia ]udcnmts H sbioo hjjn`hitnoy khvn tbnj up. Mipno na`n` bhs onttnr dy isf-
hak lr vn Drhthsb `nsnrtnrs tbna snrvhak la dlir` tbn Ijnrhmia squi`rla. Phs
`njia` hamhtn` Tl`knrs wbl rnpohn`, Xlur Onttnr . . . h hjpirthiooy `hssnmtn` whooprlvn tbit tbn Goik l tbn ^. ]titns hs hasuotn`. Uirthmuoiroy, tbn Drhthsb miptiha bi`
isfn` lr vn `nsnrtnrs it tbn sijn thjn Mipno bi` snvnrio Ijnrhmia `nsnrtnrs la
dlir` tbn Ublndn, wbhmb ylu bivn alt nvna khvna ylursno tbn trludon tl jnathla.
Tl`knrs mlamou`n` tbit sumb hssuns whoo uaivlh`idoy na` ha i hsputn dntwnna twl
Aithlas . . . is tl dn hacurhlus tl dltb.Pn mrux l tbn hssun havlovn` Drhthsb budrhs
ia` tbn mlrlooiry oimf l rnspnmt not dy ^.]. aivio lmnrs. Pn dnohn tbit tbny wnrn
`hsrnspnmtn` on` lan Ijnrhmia aivio lmnr tl wrhtn ha , H whsb tbn Drhthsb
Mljjia`nrs tl ldsnrvn tbit lur ]nrvhmn hs vnry Ha`npna`nat, ia` H blpn lur
Mljjia`nrs whoo anvnr ont sohp iay Hasuot wbhmb tbny lstnr tl piss whtb Hjpuahty.
]umb wlr`s snnjn` prlpbnthm laoy twl ynirs oitnr la Cuan , wbna tbn
.]. rhkitn Mbnsipnifnua`nr Cijns Dirla sihon` rlj Bijptla Tli`s. Cust blurs
oitnr, tbn Drhthsb wirsbhp Onlpir dlrn `lwa la tbn Mbnsipnifnia` olwnrn` i dlit
tbit wnat imrlss tl tbn Ijnrhmia rhkitn. I Drhthsb lmnr mijn la dlir` ia` prn-
snatn` Dirrla whtb i onttnr `njia`hak snvnrio supplsn` Drhthsb `nsnrtnrs snrv-
hak la dlir` tbn Mbnsipnifn. Dirrla rnusn`, dut ldsnrv` sljn ippniriamn l
ia blsthon Aiturn. Hamrn`uolusoy, bn `n`umn` tbit ht wis plsshdon tbny wnrn snrh-
lus. Bn tbna quhntoy lr`nrn` bhs jna tl quirtnrs, dut dnlrn tbhs bi` lmmurrn`
tbn Onlpir rn`, fhoohak tbrnn jna ia` wlua`hak nhkbtnna. ^arni`y lr mljdit,
Dirrla lr`nrn` tbn Mbnsipnifns mlolrs strumf. Pn Drhthsb tbna rnjlvn` lur sup-
plsn` `nsnrtnrs dut rnusn` tl tifn plssnsshla l tbn Mbnsipnifnis tbnhr prhzn.
Dirrla tbna rnturan` tl Bijptla Tli`s, wbnrn bhs sbittnrn` rhkitn miusn`
ia uprlir. Urnsh`nat Pljis Cnstnrsla issnrtn` tbit tbn Drhthsb mljjia`nrs bivn
tbnhr llt la tbn tbrnsblo` l wir. Bn wrltn, Phs mluatry bis anvnr dnna ha sumb
i stitn l nxmhtnjnat shamn tbn ditton l Onxhaktla. Pn i`jhahstrithla ittnjptn`
tl mllo pudohm lphahla. Lan wiy wis tl ivlh` ia niroy jnnthak l Mlakrnss, nirhak
tbit sumb i kitbnrhak wluo` rnsuot ha i nmoirithla l wir. Hastni`, Cnstnrsla tblukbttbit Mlakrnss mluo` `l ohtton uatho rnmnhpt l ia iaswnr rlj Krnit Drhtiha, dnlrn
wbhmb tbny mluo` laoy imt ha tbn `irf.
Unrmnpthlas ha Drhtiha pihatn` imthlas dy tbn ^.]. klvnrajnat ha i `hstnr-
nat ohkbt. Ha @nmnjdnr lan Drhthsb ldsnrvnr issnrtn`, [bhon Jr. Cnstnrsla
`nmoihjs whtb krnit wirjtb ikihast wbit Bn mioos tbn `nprn`ithlas l tbhs mlua-
try la Ijnrhmia mljjnrmn, tbn aujnrlus ikkrnsshlas l Griamn irn pissn` lvnr
whtblut ldsnrvithla. . . . Pn istihr l tbn Mbnsipnifnhs jnathlan` whtb jumb hrrh-
tithla.Nvna sl, tbn Drhthsb klvnrajnat `hsivlwn` tbn ittimf ia` snat rnhalrmn-
jnats lr tbn `nnasn l Miai`i.Titbnr tbia wir, tbn ^.]. klvnrajnat ittnjptn` nmlaljhm mlnrmhla, ia`
Cnstnrsla mljjnatn`, @urhak tbn prnsnat pirlxysj l tbn hasiahty l Nurlpn,
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97 Mbiptnr 9. Nvnry Ippniriamn lg Bistnahak tbn Mrhshs
wn bivn tblukbt ht whsnst tl drnif lst ioo hatnrmlursn whtb bnr VDrhtihaZ. Pn
Ijnrhmias hjponjnatn` tbn Njdirkl Imt l tbit lrdi`n hts jnrmbiat vns-
snos rlj sihohak tl lrnhka plrts lr Grnamb ia` Drhthsb vnssnos rlj mioohak it plrtsha tbn ^ahtn` ]titns. Lan Ijnrhmia ldcnmt ihjn` it rnstrhmthak Drhthsb tri`n, dut
i`vnrsn nmlaljhm nstnmts wnrn jlrn prlaluamn` ha tbn ahtn` ]titns.Pn stlry l
lan Ijnrhmia jnrmbiat ha`hmitns tbn rnsuothak bir`sbhp. Bn rnturan` rlj Ha`hi
ha niroy la dlir` i tri`hak vnssno l wbhmb bn wis i bio lwanr. Pn jiclr-
hty l bhs mirkl mlashstn` l ha`hkl `nsthan` lr tbn Nurlpnia jirfnt, dut tbn jnr-
mbiat issnrtn` tbit ht wis l mlursn usnonss `urhak tbn Njdirkl, ia` la tbn rnpnio
l tbit jnisurn tbn rhklurs l tbn Mlathanatio ]ystnj ia` tbn dnoohknrnat `nprn`i-
thlas wnrn sumb is tl prnmou`n nxplrtithla. Nvnatuiooy, tbn jnrmbiat bi` tl snoo tbn
vnssno lr bio bnr mlst. Pn ha hkl natnrn` Nurlpn tbrlukb tbn plrt l Irmbiakno ha
tbn ir alrtb l Tusshi, dut ignr Aiplonlas havishla l tbit mluatry, tbn mirkl
wis slo` lr i olss.Plukb pnrbips ia nxtrnjn misn, tbhs ha`hvh`uio wis aia-
mhiooy ruhan` dy i mljdhaithla l tri`n rnstrhmthlas ia` tbn Nurlpnia wir. Ghtthakoy,
tbhs dllf niturns tbhs jnrmbiat. Bhs aijn wis [hoohij Clans, ia` bn snrvn` is
snmrntiry l tbn aivy ha .
Ghaiamhio `hstrnss on` ltbnrs hatl sjukkohak. Ha niroy Cnstnrsla mljpoihan`
tbit tbn uaprhamhpon` iolak lur sni-mlist ia` rlathnrs wnrn riu`uonatoy nvi`-
hak . . . tbn njdirkl oiws. It tbn na` l tbn Cnstnrsla i`jhahstrithla, sjukkohak
ia` ia nmlaljhm `lwatura rnsuothak rlj tbn nohjhaithla l hatnraithlaio mlj-
jnrmn on` tbn ^.]. klvnrajnat tl rnsmha` tbn Njdirkl Imt.
Cijns Ji`hsla, tbn anw prnsh`nat, mlathaun` tl mlarlat dltb Drhtiha ia`
Griamn, dut tbn ^.]. klvnrajnat lua` hts jnias ohjhtn` dnmiusn ht wis laoy i tia-
knathio poiynr ha tbn oirknr Nurlpnia wir. Dltb Drhtiha ia` Griamn ittnjptn` tl
jiahpuoitn tbn ^ahtn` ]titns sl is tl ldtiha tbnhr drli`nr plohmy ldcnmthvns. Ha tbhs
navhrlajnat, Urnsh`nat Ji`hsla bi` ohtton onvnrikn, dut bhs i`jhahstrithlas mlursn
l imthla ong tbn ^ahtn` ]titns vuoanridon tl Nurlpnia hatrhkuns. Pn ^ahtn` ]titns,
tbrlukb tbn Ala-Hatnrmlursn Imt l , rnnstidohsbn` mljjnrmn whtb ioo stitnsdut Drhtiha ia` Griamn. Pn loolwhak ynir, tri`n wis rnlpnan` whtb dltb mlua-
trhns ua`nr tbn mla`hthla tbit h nhtbnr rnpnion` hts tri`n rnstrhmthlas, tbn ^ahtn`
]titns wluo` tri`n laoy whtb tbit stitn.Aiplonla imtn` rst. Plukb bn snnjn`
tl ankitn tbn Mlathanatio ]ystnj, ha rniohty ht wis sjlfn ia` jhrrlrs. Grlj Tusshi,
Ijnrhmia ijdissi`lr Clba Yuhamy I`ijs surjhsn` tbit Griamn bi` oih` tbn trip
wbhmb sbn mlamou`n` wluo` mitmb us ha ia Nakohsb wir.
Pn ^ahtn` ]titns Aivy ia` tbn Tlyio Aivy snrvn` is trhpwhrns ha tbn hamrnis-
hakoy mbirkn` hatnraithlaio navhrlajnat loolwhak tbn Mbnsipnifnistihr. Ohaknrhak
najhty mlatrhdutn` tl tbn Urnsh`natsbittnrhak tbn Ohtton Dnotha Jiy , dut ltbnrnxijpons l vhlonamn lmmurrn`. La Cuan anir tbn Dibijis tbn -kua
Drhthsb wirsbhpJlsnoonrn` i shakon rlua` hatl tbn -kua Whxnal tbn ^ahtn`
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Pbn Tlyio Aivy, tbn ahtn ]titns Aivy, ia tbn Dimfkrlua tl [ir 9;
]titns Aivy. Ht strumf onss tbia tbrnn nnt rlj wbnrn Knlrkn Ulha`nxtnr, i jnj-
dnr l Mlakrnss, stll`. Hamnasn` ia` ohfnoy njdirrissn`, Clba rhppn, tbn Whxnas
mljjia`nr, snat imrlss ia lmnr lr ia nxpoiaithla. Pn Drhthsb miptiha issnrtn`bn bi` alt snna tbn Ijnrhmia mlolrs ia` jhstllf tbn Whxnalr i Grnamb vnssno.
Ulha`nxtnr mlamou`n`, Pn mbirimtnr l tbn istihr, blwnvnr, mlrrnspla`s whtb tbn
trnitjnat wbhmb wn bivn sl lgna rnmnhvn` rlj tbn Drhthsb Aivio Mljjia`nrs,
la lrjnr lmmishlas. Bn mlathaun`, Pn haslonamn l tbn triasimthla hs alt jlrn
rnjirfidon tbia tbn jniaanss `hspoiyn` dy tbn Drhthsb Mljjia`nr. Xnt, dy
rhppns i`jhsshla, La ipprlimbhak bnr, i dlit put lst H supplsn`, tl spnif jn,
idlut wbhmb thjn sbn rn` i kua. Bivhak i ihr wha` ia` ioo siho snt, H `ntnrjhan`
alt tl bnivn tl, prnsujhak tbn Nakohsb Drhk rnmlkahzn` jn is ia Ijnrhmia Wnssno
l [ir, dut biuo` up sl is tl pnrjht tbn lmnr l tbn dlit tl mljn iolaksh`n.
Khvna tbn Whxnas jlvnjnats, lan mluo` irkun tbit ht wis alt uarnislaidon tbit
tbn mljjia`nr l tbnJlsnoonjhstllf bnr lr i Grnamb vnssno ia` rn` i rlua`
it bnr.Plukb jhalr ha mljpirhsla tl tbn Onlpir`ia` tbn Mbnsipnifnlr tbn
Urnsh`natia` tbn Ohtton Dnot, tbhs hamh`nat i``n` tl tbn rhmthla. Plukb tbn ohvns l
jiay wnrn it stifn, lmnrs la dltb sh`ns vhnwn` namluatnrs tbrlukb tbn prhsj l
tbnhr mluatrys blalr. @hsrnspnmt ia` hacury l tbhs blalr, nvna h laoy pnrmnhvn`,
ji`n rnoithlas dntwnna Drhtiha ia` tbn ^ahtn` ]titns hamrnishakoy nxpolshvn.
R
Is tnashlas duhot, qunsthlas idlut tbn shzn ia` mljplshthla l tbn ^ahtn` ]titns
Aivy dnmijn mlatnathlus. Urnsh`nat Pljis Cnstnrsla bi` irkun` vnbnjnatoy
lr i kuadlit aivy `nshkan` lr ohttlrio `nnasn is tbn laoy witnr`nnamn wbhmb
mia dn usnuo tl us, & prltnmt us rlj tbn ruhalus looy l i aivy. La tbn lmnias
Cnstnrsla dnohnvn` ha tbn nxtnashvn usn l mljjnrmn-rih`hak prhvitnnrs is tbn jlst
plwnruo wnipla wn mia njpoly ikihast Krnit Drhtiha.Urhvitnnrs bi` tbn hstham-
thla l alt mlsthak tbn ^.]. klvnrajnat jlany, shamn tbny wnrn prlmurn`, ttn`,ia` jiaan` dy prhvitn mhthznas is i typn l dushanss vnaturn snnfhak aiamhio kiha
lr mipturhak mljjnrmn l blsthon stitns.
Plukb tbn rnohiamn la kuadlits ia` prhvitnnrs mipthvitn` Cnstnrsla, tbn
^ahtn` ]titns Aivy tbrlukblut bhs prnsh`namy mlatihan` i nw lmnia-klhak wir-
sbhps, hamou`hak snvnrio oirkn rhkitns. Ha Ciauiry tbn aivy mluatn` lur rhk-
itns ia` ahan sjioonr lmnia-klhak vnssnos rni`y lr snrvhmn, is wnoo is shx rhkitns ha
ann` l rnpihr.]mirmn ua`hak jniat tbit tbn ^ahtn` ]titns Aivy mljprhsn` tbn
sijn snt l rhkitns it tbn lutdrnif l blsthohthns ha is ht bi` ha .
l jiaikn ia ua`nrua`n` aivy, Cnstnrslas summnsslr, Urnsh`nat Cijns
Ji`hsla, mblsn Uiuo Bijhotla ha . I mhvhohia whtb midhant riaf ia` tbn lmhio
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]nmrntiry l tbn ^.]. Aivy, Uiuo Bijhotla
(Aivy Bhstlry ia` Bnrhtikn Mljjia`, Ubltl # AB >0;>;-FA)
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Pbn Tlyio Aivy, tbn ^ahtn ]titns Aivy, ia tbn Dimfkrlua tl [ir 98
thton l snmrntiry l tbn aivy, Bijhotla bi` ohtton nxpnrhnamn ha aivio jittnrs, dut bn
bi` prnvhlusoy snrvn` is tbn mljptrloonr ia` klvnralr l ]lutb Mirlohai. Khvna
tbn `hmuot smio mlastrihats imn` dy i pnimnthjn aivy, tbhs jhkbt alt bivn dnna idi` rsuj lr tbn plshthla. Onss tbia i ynir ignr dnmljhak snmrntiry, bn wrltn, Ht
ippnirs alw vnry uamnrtiha wbntbnr Mlakrnss whoo iutblrhzn tbn rnpihr l rhkitns,
ia` ht dnmljns prlpnr tl tifn nvnry prnmiuthlairy jnisurn lr tbn rnohn l lur
ua`s. Bn mlamou`n`, H bivn tbnrnlrn tl rnqunst tbit ylu whoo hamur al nxpnamn
wbitnvnrua`nr tbn bni` l Tnpihrs l vnssnos whtblut prnvhlus spnmhio hastrumthlas
rlj jn.Dntwnna ia` Bijhotla rnpnitn`oy tlo` Ji`hsla tbit ipprl-
prhithlas lr tbn rnpihr l wirsbhps wnrn hai`nquitn. Uirthmuoiroy, Mlakrnss ihon` tl
prlvh`n ua`s tl jihatiha rhkitns ha lr`hairy (oih` up ha rnsnrvn).
Is tbn prlspnmt l wir whtb Drhtiha hamrnisn`, hafflunathio pnlpon mioon` lr aivio
nxpiashla. Cijns Jlarln, wbl wluo` blo` tbn plshthla l snmrntiry l stitn `ur-
hak jumb l tbn [ir l , irkun` tbit lur aivio lrmn lukbt tl dn hamrnisn`.
Uirthmuoiroy, bn urkn` tbit tbn aivio lrmn l tbn ^. ]titns . . . Vdn iukjnatn`Z tl
tbn strnaktb l tbn squi`rlas wbhmb tbny usuiooy stithlan` ha thjn l wir la lur
mlist, it tbn jlutbs l lur krnit rhvnrs, ia` ha lur birdlurs. H tblukbt tbit sumb
i lrmn, hamlrplritn` pnrjianatoy hatl lur systnj, wluo` khvn wnhkbt it ioo thjns
tl lur anklthithlas whtb lrnhka plwnrs, ia` dy jnias tbnrnl prnvnat wirs ia`
sivn jlany.
Dy Bijhotla, prldidoy hafflunamn` dy snahlr aivio lmnrs, bi` dnmljn i
stiowirt dnohnvnr tbit Cnstnrslahia kuadlits wluo` alt sumn ia` tbit oirkn wir-
sbhps wnrn ann`n`. Bijhotla moirhn`, H ij bippy ha falwhak tbit jy ohtton
nstidohsbjnat (tbn aivy) hs mljpontn is tl hts prnsnat nxtnatH bivn al ipprn-
bnashlas sbhp, kua, ia` jia, wbna nxplsn` tl lrnhka lrmnynt H jiy ohvn tl
snn tbnj lvnrwbnojn` dy supnrhlr lrmndut h tbny ioo, tbny whoo ioo aldoy
Jy mljjia`nrs irn l jy lwa mblhmn, ia` tbnhr mrnws irn (is tbny halrj jn)
nquio tl tbnhr whsbns.Plukb Bijhotla dnohnvn` ha bhs lmnrs lr bi` dnmljn
nambiatn` dy tbnhr spnoo, bn wis siakuhan nalukb tl rniohzn tbit bhs wirsbhps wnrntll nw ha aujdnr tl l jlrn tbia hn kiooiatoy. l ivlh` tbhs itn, Bijhotla usn` i
Alvnjdnr qunry rlj Oiak`la Mbnvns, tbn mbihrjia l tbn Aivy Mljjhttnn
lr tbn Blusn l Tnprnsnatithvns, tl irkun lr i oirknr aivy.
Bijhotla isfn` lr twnovn -kua sbhps l tbn ohan ia` hamrnishak Ijnrhmia
rhkitn strnaktb tl twnaty. Phs anmnsshtitn` tbn aivys swnnphak nxpiashla, mlash`-
nrhak hts lmnia-klhak strnaktb ha oitn mljprhsn` vn rhkitns ia` ahan sjioonr
lmnia-klhak wirsbhps ha snrvhmn, is wnoo is vn rhkitns ha lr`hairy. Dy i``hak sbhps
l tbn ohan ia` anw rhkitns, Bijhotla dnohnvn` tbit tbn aivy wluo` dn ijpon tl
tbn prltnmthla l lur mlisthak tri`n6 wluo` dn mljpntnat tl iaaly nxtnashvnoy tbnmljjnrmn l ia nanjy6 ia`, uahthak lmmishlaiooy ha lpnrithlas whtb tbn kuadlits
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45 Mbiptnr 9. Nvnry Ippniriamn lg Bistnahak tbn Mrhshs
iorni`y duhot, h nquhppn` ia` drlukbt hatl snrvhmn, ia` lur lrthmithlas, iosl
istlr` mljpontn prltnmthla tl lur birdlrs.
Mbnvns drlukbt Bijhotlas rnqunsts dnlrn tbn Blusn l Tnprnsnatithvns haCiauiry . Pn Blusn `nditn lvnr tbn aivys rnqunsts prlvn` mlatnathlus, shamn
tbn prlplsn` aivio mlastrumthla wluo` mut `nnpoy hatl tbn smirmn ua`s ivihoidon
tl tbn klvnrajnat6 jlrnlvnr, ht sblwmisn` rnkhlaio `hvhshlas whtbha tbn mlua-
try is tl tbn pnrmnpthla l tbn aivys uthohty.Yunsthlas wnrn rihsn` la wbntbnr i
`lzna -kua sbhps l tbn ohan ia` twnaty rhkitns wluo` dn nalukb. Lan spnifnr
nxpoihan` tbit bn ipprlvn` l ua`hak tbn rnpihr l nxhsthak rhkitns dut wis alt
vnry la` l witnr iahjiosl tbn shzn `nsmrhdn`. Bn splfn ikihast tbn anw mla-
strumthla, issnrthak, H tbn ^ahtn` ]titns iutblrhzn` tl duho` tbnsn rhkitns, tbny
mluo` alt dn `lan ha thjn lr tbn prnsnat njnrknamy. Ha tbn na`, ua`hak wis
ipprlvn` lr rnpihrhak nxhsthak rhkitns, dut anw rhkitn mlastrumthla wis `nnitn`
airrlwoy shxty-twl tl gy-ahan, ia` i vltn tl duho` laoy lur sbhps l tbn ohan ihon`
dy i krnitnr jirkha. Pn ]naitn wnat i stnp urtbnr dy iutblrhzhak tbn rnpihr l
laoy tbrnn l tbn vn rhkitns ha lr`hairy.
idon .. Pn ^ahtn` ]titns Aivy, Cuan
Aijn lg [irsbhp Titn Olmithla
Urnsh`nat Anw Xlrf
^ahtn` ]titns Anw Xlrf
Mlasthtuthla Iaaiplohs
Mlakrnss Anw Xlrf
Nssnx Anw Xlrf
Clba I`ijs Dlstla
Blrant Anw Xlrf
[isp It ]ni
Irkus Anw Xlrf
]hrna Anw Lronias
Aiuthous Dlstla
Natnrprhzn Anw Lronias
Whxna ]t. Jirys
Whpnr Anw Lronias
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Pbn Tlyio Aivy, tbn ahtn ]titns Aivy, ia tbn Dimfkrlua tl [ir 49
[htb tbn mlakrnsshlaio `nditn it ia na`, Bijhotla fanw jlrn idlut tbn shzn
ia` ua`hak l tbn aivy is tbn mluatry jlvn` tlwir` wir. L tbn rhkitns ha lr`h-
airy, Bijhotla altn`, ^atho tbnsn vnssnos sbioo dn lpnan` ia` tblrlukboy nxij-han`, ht hs ldvhlusoy hjplsshdon tl ismnrtiha, whtb iay `nkrnn l prnmhshla, . . . wbit
thjn ht wluo` tifn tl rnpihr tbnj.Tnpihr l tbn tbrnn rhkitns wnat solwoy. Nvna
it tbn thjn l tbn `nmoirithla l wir, anhtbnr tbn Mlastnooithlaalr tbn Mbnsipnifn
wis rni`y.Ht wis rnplrtn` tbit tbnI`ijs,rlj bnr nxtrnjn stitn l nmiy tbit tl
rnpihr bnr iffllit, whoo dn ir jlrn nxpnashvn tbia tl duho` i anw sbhp. ]hamn ua`hak
wis ivihoidon lr bnr rnpihr, alt lr duho`hak i anw wirsbhp, sbn wis rnduhot.
Plukb Bijhotla rnplrtn` la @nmnjdnr tbit tbn aivy mlatihan` vn
snrvhmnidon rhkitns ia` ahan sjioonr lmnia-klhak wirsbhps, tbn rst bio l wis
spnat tryhak tl jifn snvnrio l tbnsn wirsbhps mljdit rni`y (snn idon .). Ha niroy
tbn ^ahtn ]titns, Mlasthtuthla,Clba I`ijs, ia` Aiuthous, ioo supplsn`oy snr-
vhmnidon immlr hak tl Bijhotlas prlaluamnjnat l @nmnjdnr , ua`nrwnat shk-
ahmiat rnpihrs.Plukb tbn Nssnxbi` dnna `nsmrhdn` is dnhak ha kll` lr`nr lr
snrvhmn ha Gndruiry , alt lur jlatbs oitnr la Cuan, laoy i ohtton jlrn tbia
i wnnf dnlrn tbn `nmoirithla l wir, tbn Nssnxbi` tl bivn bnr mlppnr monian`6
ha tbn prlmnss wlrfnrs `ntnrjhan` tbit bnr lrnjist iosl rnquhrn` wlrf ia` sbn
wluo` alt dn rni`y lr lpnrithlas uatho oitn Cuan.Jlrnlvnr, tbn Mlasthtuthlawis
alt rni`y tl siho it tbn thjn l tbn `nmoirithla l wir lwhak tl tbn oimf l snijna.
R
It tbn lutdrnif l tbn [ir l , tbn oirknst wirsbhps ha tbn ^ahtn` ]titns Aivy
wnrn tbrnn bnivy -kua rhkitns. Aijn` tbn Mlasthtuthla, Urnsh`nat, ia` ^ahtn`
]titns, i Drhthsb I`jhrioty `lmujnat oitnr nxpoihan` tbit tblukb tbny jiy dn
mioon` Grhkitns, VtbnyZ irn l i shzn, Mljponjnat, ia` wnhkbt l Jntio jumb dnyla`
tbit Moiss, ia` jlrn rnsnjdohak Ohan l Ditton ]bhps. Pn Ijnrhmia aivio oni`nr-
sbhp `urhak tbn [ir l oidnon` tbnj rhkitns, tblukb, ia` Pnl`lrn Tllsnvnotha bhs aivio bhstlry l tbn [ir l irkun`, Pn Ijnrhmia -kua rhkitn wis i
trun rhkitn.]umb stitnjnats bhkbohkbt tbn mlatrlvnrshio aiturn l tbnsn wirsbhps
tbit bis dltb molu`n` ia` hafflunamn` jumb wrhthak la tbn [ir l .
Ha shzn, tbn -kua Ijnrhmia rhkitns `hspoimn` idlut pnrmnat jlrn tbia
Drhthsb -kua rhkitns ia` idlut pnrmnat jlrn tbia Drhthsb -kua rhkitns,
tbn twl typns tbit `ljhaitn` Tlyio Aivy `npolyjnats. Ha i``hthla, tbn bnivy
Ijnrhmia rhkitns whtb -plua` olak kuas la tbn kua `nmf nxmnn`n` tbn rn-
plwnr l tbn -plua` kuas l Drhthsb - ia` -kua rhkitns.Oirkn Ijnrhmia
rhkitns wnrn sohkbtoy sjioonr tbia Drhthsb -kua sbhps l tbn ohan, blwnvnr, ia` tbn
drli`sh`n l i sbhp l tbn ohan wis bnivhnr, pirthmuoiroy ha olak kuas, is ha`hmitn` dy
idon ..
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idon..
Mljpirithvn]trnaktblgDrhthsbia`Ijnrhmia[irsbhps
-kuagrhkitn
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-kuasbhp
Dnovh`nri
Jimn`lahia
Mbnsipnifn
Urnsh`nat
Wiohiat
Plaaikn
,
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Kuas
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Olwnr`nmf
xod
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x
od
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Glrnmistonia`quirtnr`nmf
lrspir`
nmf
x
od
xod*
xod,
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Tlua`blusn
xod*
Drli`
sh`n
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Olakkuas
od
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Mirrlai`ns
od
od
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od
Mirrlai`ns.
ltn3Glrtb
ntlaaiknlioowirsbhpshatbntidon,snn[hano`,Drhthsb[irsbhpshatbnIknlg]iho,;2,940,972,9;=,922.Ha^.].slur
mns,tbntlaaiknlrtbnUrnsh`nathsohstn`is9,>;7
asia`lrtbnMbnsipnifnis9,400tlas.]nn]hovnrstlan,]ihohakAivy,474;,=5.Glrtbnsnwirsbhps,tbnDrhthsbtlaaiknwisusn`
hatbntidondnmiusntbhsioolwn`lrij
lrnnvna
jpirhsla
.Glrirjijnat,snnI@J;/>>76Mbipnoon,Ijnrhmia]ihohakAivy,9=4.Kuaspoimn`iolgirnalthamou`n`.Mbisnkuas
irnhamou`n`hatbndrli`sh`nwnhkbt.Ha
i``hthla,
jnnvh`namnnxhststbittbnDrhthsbplua`wnhkbn`sohkbtoyjlrntbiaiaIjnrhmialan.T
llsnvnotmiomuoitn`tbnDrhthsbis;pnrmnatoirknr6snnTllsnvnot,Aivio[ir,77.
Blwnvnr,
nidlvna
ujdnrsmlash`nrtbnDrhthsbia`Ijnrhmiaplua`stldnltbnsijnwnhkbt.