us history short version. colonization new england – economy: trade – massachusetts bay...
TRANSCRIPT
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US History
Short version
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Colonization• New England – economy: trade
– Massachusetts Bay• Puritans, separatists from English Church
looking for religious freedom• Salem Witch Trials• New England Way and town meetings –
only white male Puritans can participate
– Rhode Island, Connecticut• Established by Roger Williams and Anne
Hutchinson for religious freedom from Puritans
• Middle Colonies – economy: bread basket of colonies - trade– New York (a.k.a. New Amsterdam –
founded by the Dutch)– Pennsylvania - Quakers
• Southern Colonies- economy: tobacco– Virginia Colony
• Came for business – looking for gold• Jamestown• House of Burgesses – 1st legislative
assembly• Tobacco• Bacon’s Rebellion
• Quebec – economy: fur trade, timber/lumber– France founded it along Great Lakes area
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Revolutionary Era• French and Indian War puts GB in debt• They raise taxes
– Stamp Act – colonies pay tax for paper– Intolerable Acts – punishment for Boston Tea party;
closed port of Boston till pay back tea• Sons and Daughters of Liberty protest
– Sew own clothes, boycott tea, Committees of Correspondence pass letters between colonies
• Thomas Paine writes Common Sense– Question divine right to rule and GB rule of colonies;
convinces colonists to leave GB• Thomas Jefferson writes Declaration of Independence
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Revolutionary War• Battles of Concord and Lexington– In Massachusetts
• Battle of Saratoga – convinces French we can be winners
• Crossing of the Delaware – Washington, X-mas Eve, surprises and captures Hessians.
• Battle of Yorktown – Lord Cornwallis surrenders.
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Constitutional Era• Articles of Confederation – WEAK!!
– No power to tax– No executive– No separation of powers– No military– Too easily amended
• Shays Rebellion happens… uh oh. Govt. is weak. Can’t stop it.• Alexander Hamilton and Madison write Federalist Papers to convince
people they need a FEDERAL govt.• Continental Congress Writes US Constitution – James Madison
– STRONG federal/national/central government.– Separation of powers. – Three branches.
• Great Compromise• 3/5 Compromise
• Southern states refuse to sign until Bill of Rights is written protecting states and individuals from abusive federal/central/national govt.
• Proclamation of Neutrality – Washington says don’t get involved in French revolution!!!!
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Alexander Hamilton• Secretary of Treasury• Wanted to set up National Bank in North • South wants it located in South• compromise – put capitol in South if National Bank is in
North• Alexander Hamilton, Secretary of Treasury advises
Washington to pay of war debts through Whiskey tax. • Whiskey Rebellion
– Washington himself leads troops and puts down rebellion.– Shows that the federal/national/central government US
Constitution works…go Whiskey!
FOCUS O
N
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Country Tested/Westward Expansion• 1812 War
– US vs. GB – GB still wants to control Great Lakes trade
– We win; get sense of national identity
• Mexican-American War - 1848– Win territory all the way
to the Pacific Ocean– Gadsen Purchase –
bought by Southern businessman hoping to have Transcontinental railroad in South
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Andrew JacksonFOCUS O
N
• Jacksonian Democracy - Expanded suffrage to white, non-land owning males
• Expanded power of executive branch
• Went against Supreme Court and forced Indian Removal
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Issue of Slavery• Missouri Compromise – draw line; most
of former Louisiana Purchase states would come in as free
• Nat Turner’s Rebellion – Af. Am. Pastor who led slave rebellion in VA
• Wilmot Proviso – ban slavery in territory won in Mex. Am. War
• Compromise of 1850 – California comes in as free state; New Mexico gets popular sovereignty; Fugitive Slave Act; slave trade outlawed in Wash. DC
• John Brown’s Raid – Harper’s Ferry – white abolitionist
• Kansas-Nebraska Act – allows these states to have popular sovereignty - leads to mini Civil War as voters move in to try to sway the vote
• Lincoln Elected• SC Secedes
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Civil War• Fort Sumter
– 1st battle of war– Force Lincoln to declare war
• Antietam– Union wins; allows Lincoln to issue Emancipation Proc
• Vicksburg– Union gains control of Mississippi River; Grant and Jackson Western Generals
• Gettysburg– South brings fight North to Penn.– Bloodiest battle– Gettysburg Address
• March to the Sea – Sherman “scorched earth policy/total war”– Burns 60-mile wide strip from ATL to Savannah
• Appomattox Courthouse– Robert E. Lee, CSA general, Surrenders
Union Advantages CSA Advantages
Factories Homefront/defense
population Better officers
railroads Fighting spirit
More $$$$ Knew the terrain
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Reconstruction
• Transcontinental Railroad helps people move west• Buffalo killed off; Indians moved to Reservations out West• Union organizes south into military districts; monitor treatment of freedmen
– Whites don’t get right to vote but Blacks do– Southern states elect new State Governments and write new Constitutions
• 13th Amendment – slavery outlawed• 14th Amendment – citizenship for freed slaves• 15th Amendment – voting rights for all males (including Black males)• Freedmen’s Bureau – helps blacks get housing, legal advice, jobs• Impeachment of Johnson by Radical Republicans
– He vetoed a lot of bills that helped blacks in the South– Declared not guilty
• Compromise of 1877– North withdraws military out of South; South lets Nor– Ends Reconstruction
Moderate ‘Presidential’ Republicans
Radical Republicans
President Andrew Johnson Thaddeus Stevens
Want to go easy on the South; bring Union back together
Want to give blacks rights; make south pay
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Gilded Age• Growth of factories and cities
– Southern and Eastern European immigrants move in large #s and work– Ellis Island opened
• Tenement housing and ethnic ghettos – Polish, Italian, Czech, Jewish ghettos
• Laissez-faire government – govt. stays out of economy (lets businesses do what they want)
• Pullman Strike– Govt. sends in military to force railcar workers in Chicago back to work
• Because govt. not helping workers, they begin to organize unions• Samuel Gompers – 1st labor union – American Federation of
Labor
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Spanish American War
• Fought Spain under Roosevelt corollary• Kicked them out of Cuba and gave Cuba
interdependence• Gained Spain’s other territories: Guam,
Philippines, and Puerto Rico• Era of imperialism for America
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Progressive Era
• In general, government becomes more responsive to the needs of the people• Government Regulation of Business – govt. makes laws to force business
owners/factories to follow rules – no more laissez-faire– Establish 40-hour work week– 8-hour work day– Prevent Child Labor– Force factories to create safer working conditions
• Expansion of Suffrage– 17th Amendment – senators directly elected by the people instead of chosen by state
legislatures– Initiative – voters take the ‘initiative’ to get signatures on an issue and force the
legislature to vote on a law– Recall – voters can vote to ‘remove’ or recall an elected official that isn’t doing their job– Referendum – voters can request a special election on issue/law with enough
signatures on an ‘initiative’
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Teddy Roosevelt – Square Deal
• Led volunteer Cavalry (horse) unit at Battle of San Juan Hill during SAW
• Led Progressive Era• Pure Food and Drug Act• Meat Inspection Act • Conservation of Forests
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WWI
• Sedition Acts – makes it illegal to speak out against the government or hinder the military; violates 1st amendment
• Eugene V. Debs – socialist; speaks out against the war; arrested and sent to jail; runs for president in Socialist Party from jails
• Sinking of the Lusitania; Zimmerman Telegram• Woodrow Wilson – Fourteen Point Speech; create League of
Nations• Red Scare - • Immigration restriction acts – goal? Prevent socialists, Jews, and
Catholics from Southern and Eastern Europe18th Amendment• 19th Amendment
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Harlem Renaissance
• Growth of African American Art centered in Harlem, a neighborhood in NYC
• Growth in popularity Jazz – form of African American music from New Orleans– Speakeasies – illegal bars– Cotton Club – white patrons but Black performers
• Louis Armstrong – Satchmo – trumpet player• Langston Hughes – African American poet who
wrote about Black issues• NAACP established by W.E.B. DuBois to stop lynching
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Great Depression – 1930s• Causes:
– Overproduction– Under consumption– stock market crash– Speculation– Margin buying– Runs on banks
• 25% or ¼ of population out of work• Hoovervilles – shantytowns that burned down easily• Dust bowl make depression worse; causes hundreds of
1,000s of refugees to move to California looking for work
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Franklin Delano Roosevelt – New Deal• Great Depression programs help out of work people
– TVA – Tennessee Valley Authority – put dams along Tennessee River to provide electricity for Appalachia
– CCC – Civilian Conservation Corps – work groups built bridges, roads, community centers
– Social Security – For retired people; out of work insurance; hurt on the job protection
– FDIC – Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation – government insured up to $5,000 of savings
• Huey Long – socialist/communist Gov. from Louisiana– Said FDR’s New Deal wasn’t doing enough to help out of work– Share Our Wealth (SOW) – cap income at $1 million; give the rest to the govt.
for – Was assassinated during the election campaign
• Eleanor Roosevelt – supporter of African American and women’s rights
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WWII
• Rationing, conservation, women jobs, war mobilization
• Pearl Harbor• Battle of Midway• D-Day• Fall of Berlin• Los Alamos, Hiroshima
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Post-WWII
• Marshall Plan• Division of Germany and Berlin• Levittowns• Interstate Highway Act• Baby Boom• Television drives consumerism (tv ads make
people want to buy lots of stuff)
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Cold War• Bay of Pigs • Cuban Missile Crisis• Space Race• Arms Race• Truman Doctrine – prevent communism from spreading
by giving countries money• Turkey Greece – containment SUCCESS!!!– 400 million
• Korean War – containment SUCCESS!!• Vietnam War – containment FAIL!!!
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JFK
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1968 – bad Year
• MLK killed• RFK killed• Tet Offensive in Vietnam• Democratic National Convention riots
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LBJ
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Nixon
• Rachel Carlson
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Ford
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Carter
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Reagan
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Bush
• 2000 Election