unit 1 test review colonization era. new england colonies connecticut – why? freedom of religion...
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Unit 1 Test ReviewColonization Era
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New England Colonies• Connecticut
– Why? Freedom of Religion– Who? Puritans
• New Hampshire– Why? Freedom of Religion– Who? Puritans
• Massachusetts– Why? Freedom of Religion– Who? Pilgrims
• Rhode Island– Why? Freedom of Religion– Who? Roger Williams and Anne Hutchison
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New England Climate• Long, cold winters• Rocky soil, not good for farming. • Positioned on the North Atlantic Coast• Many forests and rivers
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New England Economy$$$
• Fishing• Whaling• Timber• Shipping• Trade• Subsistence farming– Only grew enough to feed themselves and their
families. – They did NOT sell their goods.
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Middle Colonies• New York– Why? To make $$ (economic)
• New Jersey– Why? To make $$ (economic)
• Pennsylvania– Why? Freedom of Religion– Who? William Penn & the Quakers
• Delaware– Why? Political Freedom
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Middle Colony Climate• Very flat, fertile land• Mild Winters
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Middle Colony Economy$$$
• AKA “Breadbasket Colonies”• Farmed food products to feed the colonies• Produced– Wheat– Grain– Iron– Dairy
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Southern Colonies• Virginia
– Why? To make $$ (economic)– Who? John Smith
• Maryland– Why? Freedom of Religion– Who? Lord Baltimore and the Catholics
• North and South Carolina– Why? To make $$ (economic)
• Georgia– Why? Refuge for debtors and convicts– Who? James Oglethorp
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Southern Colony Climate• Fertile Soil• Very long growing seasons• Very warm and sunny
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Southern Colony Economy$$$
• Plantation Agriculture– Cotton– Rice– Tobacco– Indigo– Sugar cane
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Mayflower Compact• Who? Men• When? 1620• Where? Plymouth• What did it do? – Set forth ideas of self government in the colonies– Basis for US Constitution in 1787
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Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
• Where? Connecticut• What did it do?– Extended voting rights to non-church members– Limited the power of the governor– Expanded the idea of representative government
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House of Burgesses• 1st elected law making body in the colonies• Provided more local control in Virginia• Expanded the idea of representative
government.
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English ColonizationWhy??
• Gold– Economic $$
• High unemployment• Market for English goods• Source of raw materials
• God– Social
• Freedom from religious persecution• Opportunity for unhappy or unemployed English
• Glory– Political
• Competition with Spain and Portugal for new passage to India• Promise of gold to increase England’s wealth• Acquisition of territory to add to empire
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MercantilismBritain's policy to control Colonial trade
ColoniesRaw Materials Mother
Country
(Britain)Manufactured Goods
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Transatlantic Trade Routes
Effects: New England made HUGE profits and slavery increased.
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Jamestown• Where? Virginia• When? 1607• Why?
– Economic Reasons ($$)• Hardships?
– Swampy– Bad water and farmland– Harsh climate– Wasted time looking for gold– Disease
• How did it succeed?– John Smith, “He that will not work, shall not eat.”
• He also traded with Powhatan Indians for corn
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Salutary Neglect• Britain helped the colonies work towards this
type of government by staying out of their business for many years. This became known as salutary neglect.
• This ‘neglect’ helped the colonies learn how to deal with their own problems & issues instead of waiting for Britain to fix things for them
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Great Awakening• Religious movement in the colonies during the
1700’s.– Colonial culture changed because colonists began
to argue over religious practices & – People began to leave their church for the
Protestant one. – They also welcomed all people, regardless of race
or gender.
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Enlightenment• A movement that emphasized reason and
science as the paths to knowledge.
• John Locke, a philosopher and Enlightenment figure applied the idea of natural law – people have unalienable rights which the government should protect.