THE PEP Workshop on Implementation of sustainable and healthy urban transport

policies in South-east EuropeSkopje, Macedonia, 7-8 June 2010

Urban Transport Situation and

Challanges in Yerevan

Martiros TsarukyanMinistry of Nature Protection - Armenia

Structure of presentation

1. Brief description of Yerevan 2. Analysis of the current

situation 3. Main problems 4. Required steps

1. Brief description of Yerevan� Age- 2792 year

� Population - 1.1 million

� Territory - 227 km2

� Population density - 4859 people per km2

� 0.76% of the territory of the Republic

� 34% of the all population

� Altitude - 850-1420m above sea

2. Analysis of the current situation2.1 Vehicle use

2.2 Fuel Consumption2.3 Fuel quality2.4 Use of emissions standards, catalytic converter s2.4 Vehicle fleet 2.5 Vehicle impacts 2.6 Costs of fuel and public transport fares 2.7 Vehicle disposal2.8 Infrastructure2.9 Legal framework

2.1 Vehicle use

�Passenger by mode

Passenger transportation in the Republic in 2000 - 137.2 million,

in 2008 – 247.5 million passengers.

from which in 2008

Buses and Microbuses – 84%

Taxi - 6%

Underground lines – 7.6%

Trolleybuses – 1.4%

2.1 Vehicle use (continuation-1)� Passenger by mode – trends

2.1 Vehicle use (continuation-2)

� Occupancy rates of public transport -experts assessment

1.5 passengers per carCars

10-20%.40%Trolleybuses

50-40%,100%Underground

30-40%,100%Buses

70-80%>100%Minibuses

other timesrush-hoursMode

2.2 Fuel Consumption

Fuel Consumption

0100200300400500600

Petrol Diesel CNG Total

Tha

usen

t to

ns 200020012002200320042005200620072008

2.2 Fuel Consumption (cont.-1)

Changes in Strukture of Fuel Type Consumption

0100200300400500600

200020012002200320042005200620072008

Tha

usen

t ton

s

CNG

Diesel

Petrol

2.3 Fuel quality

� fuel quality standards� lead – 5 mg/dm 3� sulfur – 10 mg/kg.� No biofuels

2.4 Use of emissions standards, catalytic converters� The emissions standards are in

compliance with UNECE regulations N 49-02, N 49-03, N 49-04, N 96-01, N24-03, N 83-04 and N83-05

� Number of vehicles with neutralizers is very small

� Ban on import of cars without neutralizers from 1 st January 2007

2.5 Vehicle fleet

� 50% of transport means are in Yerevan� 25% are more than 20 years old, � 60% are between 10 and 20 years old� 15% are less than 10 years old� and only 3% are less than 1 year old � Only 20% of cars imported in 2008 were new� Age restrictions - minibuses - 15 years, taxi-10

years

2.6 Vehicle Impacts- Air quality

� The average annual recorded level of air pollution,

Yerevan-2008

� dust – 1.3 MPL (maximum permissible levels)

� nitrogen dioxide -1.7 MPL

� tropospheric ozone – 1.5 MPL

2.6 Vehicle Impacts - Emissions

Mobile Emissions Differentiated by Fuel Types

115121

115124

139

119111 110

126.0811 14

17

17

1717 19

20.02

2 5

7

8

11 1733

26.0

0102030405060708090

100110120130140150160170180190

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Th

au

sent

to

ns

CNG

Diesel

Petrol

2.6 Vehicle impacts -2

� Noise – no studies� Congestion - one of main problems� Accidents

2.7 Costs of fuel and public transport fares

� Petrol - 1 USD/liter, � Diesel - 0.9 USD/liter, � CNG - 0.5 USD/liter. � The public transport fares are the following:

� Microbuses, Buses - 0.26 USD, � Electric transport - 0.13 USD, � Taxi - 0.26 USD/km.

2.8 Infrastructure

� Length by mode 2000-2008 years� railways - 731.9km, � roads - from 7527km to 7704km,� tramways decreased from 43.1km to 0 km,� Trolleybus ways from 174.3km decreased to

92.6km, � underground - 12.1km � Rope-way (in Yerevan) - 5.7km to 0 km, � The total road area in Yerevan-15.9 million m 2 (7%)

2.9 Legal Framework

� Main new lows in recent years are� Concept on Reduction of Hazardous Emissions

from Motor Vehicles� Action Plan on Reduction of Emissions from Motor

Vehicles� New emission standards� Ban of leded petrol� Ban on import of the cars without hazardous

emissions neutralizers� On establishment of the technical inspaction

network

3. Main Problems

� No Strategy or Action Plan on Transport Development

� No Assessment of Impact on Health� Inadequate Monitoring of Air Pollution � Small share of electric transport in

passenger transportatin� Not effective system of technical service

3. Main Problems – cont.

� Bad management of traffic� No accepted strategy or perspective plan

on public transport development � No steps on reduction of transportation

general demand� Great number of out-of-order cars� Insufficient control� Low awareness level

4. Required steps� Developing of Strategy or Action

Plan on transport development in compliance with environmental and health requirements.

� Carry out studies for determination of negative impact of noise on health and environment in Yerevan

4. Required steps – cont.1� Awareness raising in the field of

sustainable transport.� Developing of activities aimed at

reduction of general transport demand� Development of activities contributing to

restriction of passenger cars use and their intensity

� Development of activities aimed at fuel efficiency increasing

4. Required steps – cont.2

� Developing of activities aimed at increasing of share of electric transport in passenger transportation

� Developing of activities aimed at traffic management improving (one-sided traffic systems, bus zones creation, etc),

� Elaborating of measures aimed at improving of road quality and road network development.

4. Required steps – cont.3

� Improving of driver’s behavior with integration of “Environmentally Reasonable Driving” project and trainings

� Developing activities for encouraging the use of cars with emissions neutralizers

� Development of measures aimed at reduction of out-of-order cars

4. Required steps – cont.4

� Encouraging of use of environmentally cleaner fuel

� Periodical improving of fuel and lubricating oil standards and strengthening of control

� Creation of effective technical service system

Thank YouMartiros TsarukyanChief specialistEnvironment Protection DepartmentMinistry of Nature Protection of the Republic of ArmeniaTel: (37410) 58 39 34Fax: (37410) 58 39 33E-mail: martiros@nature.am